Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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The relation between CMR and the EU Private International Law Regulations : A conflict of methods that risk undermining the common objective of international legal uniformity?
No full text The intersection of private international law and the Convention on the Contract for the International Carriage of Goods by Road (CMR) has long been a subject of legal debate. This article seeks to explore how the CMR relates to the private international law issues of jurisdiction, choice of law and enforcement of foreign decisions in the EU member states. Since the adoption of the CMR in 1956, a significant harmonization of private international law has taken place in the EU. Both private international law harmonization and substantive law uniformity aim to minimize the risk of inconsistent judgments across jurisdictions. Still, it is a fact that courts in different countries tend to treat legal issues differently. However, both private international law and uniformization of substantive law are different methods that seek to achieve international legal uniformity. With the common objective of the different methods in mind, this article concludes that the conflict between the CMR and the jurisdictional rules in the Brussels I Bis Regulation is a conflict on even terms. Both legal instruments contain jurisdictional rules and rules on enforcement of foreign judgments. However, the conflict between the CMR and the choice of law rules in the Rome I Regulation is not a conflict on even terms. Instead, it is a conflict of two methods that both seek to achieve international legal uniformity. This common objective must not be sacrificed in the legal-technical application that allows for prevalence for one or the other of these different methods.
Linguistic landscape and identities : A sociolinguistic analysis of shop names in Amman
No full textThis thesis examined the linguistic landscape of Amman through the lens of shop naming practices across 19 diverse neighbourhoods, aiming to find out how the choice of name, linguistic variation and the high presence of English in the linguistic landscape relate to local identities. Drawing on 154 photographed shop signs and 152 interviews, the study identified a range of naming strategies, including monolingual Arabic or English and various bilingual combinations. Motivations behind these practices, analysed through Ben-Rafael’s structuration principles, were found to be multi-layered: instrumental, sometimes shaped by power dynamics linked to gentrification, touristification or globalisation, and tied to individual and collective identities, such as Jordanian, Palestinian, Syrian, Egyptian, cosmopolitan, or class-based, reflecting the complexity of Amman’s social fabric. Patterns in linguistic variation echo the divide between East and West Amman described in previous research, with English more common in the West. However, the findings suggest that this division aligns more closely with socioeconomic class and gentrification than with strict geography, and that English’s presence does not always indicate genuine multilingualism. While often associated with modernity and prestige, English can also be viewed as artificial, pretentious, and linked to social divides. At times, it is seen as a threat to local languages and culture, and is actively countered by creative language use and the deliberate inclusion of Arabic, which, both in its colloquial and standard forms, remains central to identity across Amman. The study contributes to research on multilingual linguistic landscape in the Arab world and offers insights relevant to identity performance through language, language policy and urban development
Digital transformation's impact on public governance
No full textDigital transformation is an essential objective for public organizations, since it improves public service delivery, increases transparency and accountability, and encourages citizen engagement. By enabling faster decision-making, automating business processes, and improving service quality, it enhances the overall effectiveness of governance. Building on this context, this thesis aims to explore how the adoption of emerging technologies in public organizations has contributed to increased efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness. Specifically, it addresses the question: “How does digital transformation in public sector organizations impact governance efficiency, transparency, and responsiveness in Swedish public organizations?” To answer this, the study investigates the effects of digital transformation on public organizations that have undergone this transition through a qualitative small-scale survey, incorporating semi-structured interviews with representatives of Swedish public agencies with experience of digital transformation. During the thematic analysis 20 impacts were identified – both benefits and risks – for three stakeholder groups: Citizens, Government and Public Officials. For citizens, examples include increased transparency and accountability, improved quality of public services and, conversely, the risk of digital exclusion among some groups. For government, implications include improved decision-making, better coordination between agencies, increased digital maturity, but also challenges such as limited system flexibility and dependence on vendors. For public officials, identified benefits include optimization of internal processes and reduced administrative burden, although risks remain related to resource constraints and the possibility of maintaining or increasing bureaucratic layers. The importance of study results reveals differentiated outcomes by categorizing the observed effects of digital transformation according to who and how they affect which is often overlooked in traditional approaches to assessing digital transformation. This study contributes to academic knowledge and offers valuable insights for policy makers
Can the EU restrict subontracting? – A legal perspective
No full textThis legal study examines recent proposed restrictions to subcontracting in EU labour law. In the legal debate, it has, for example, been proposed that subcontracting should be limited to a certain number of tiers and that some sort of direct liability across the entire subcontracting chain should be introduced. Focusing specifically on these two restrictions, this study concludes that restricting subcontracting comes with several legal complexities. First, as subcontracting generally refers to the practice where someone delegates contractual obligations to a third party, subcontracting is such a common practice in the modern economy that it is hard to pinpoint for restriction purposes without unintended effects for business in general. In this part, this legal study concludes that any measure needs to be carefully defined and drafted to avoid negative legal side effects. Additionally, the legal study concludes that subcontracting is an aspect of the freedom of contract, which is protected as a part of the right to conduct a business under Article 16 of the EU Charter, as well as under the free movement of services and the freedom of establishment. Here, it is noted that subcontracting has been recognised as a possibility for smaller companies to compete. Consequently, restrictions on the use of subcontracting will undermine competition, as restrictions will gain large companies that do not need to subcontract services. That subcontracting is protected under EU primary law means that restrictions cannot be done without carefully balancing their effects on the protected rights. Mapping existing restrictions and measures that address labour law issues in subcontracting chains, the study finds that EU law takes no consistent approach to restrictions. Among the existing measures that, in one way or another, address labour law issues in subcontracting chains, direct liability, equal treatment of employees, as well as reporting and transparency obligations can be found. Importantly, the study finds that limiting subcontracting to a certain level of tiers is unprecedented in EU law. It is also noted that such national restrictions to subcontracting have repeatedly been found to be inconsistent with EU law
Genus, arbete och landsbygd : En livsvärld i rörelse, 1500–1960
No full text Hur har arbete och försörjning format relationerna mellan män och kvinnor på landsbygden? Vad hände med genusordningen och levnadsförhållandena när villkoren för försörjning förändrades och människor satte sig i rörelse – socialt, mentalt och geografiskt? I den här antologin kartlägger flera av Nordens ledande social- och genushistoriker landsbygdens historia från tidigmodern tid till mitten av 1900-talet. Norden och Finland står i centrum men sätts i relation till ett globalt sammanhang. Skribenterna tar avstamp i de nyaste perspektiven inom intersektionell genushistoria, erfarenhetshistoria och transnationell historia. Antologin utmanar också uppfattningen om landsbygden som en socialt och historiskt stillastående miljö. Bokens första del fokuserar på försörjningen i agrara samhällen och på komplexiteten i förhållandet mellan arbete och kön. Den andra delen kretsar kring rörlighet, både lokalt och över nationsgränserna, och den tredje delen diskuterar hur landsbygdens modernisering har påverkat människors upplevelser av förändring, samhörighet och identitet
Sámi sledges in Swedish Sápmi : A comprehensive documentation and laboratory analysis of wood with wood-species, lipid and radiocarbon analysis
No full textThe aim of this project is to study and document the archaeology of Sámi sledges (Swe.ackjor, plural) from Swedish Sápmi. In addition to documenting the physical features of the Sámi sledges, three laboratory analyses on wood from the objects have been carried out: woodspecies analysis, lipid analyses and 14C-dating. The documentation produced during this project shows that there are both similarities and differences in the usage, construction, size and appearance (colour and ornamentation) of Sámi sledges. The similarities and differences can be attributed to geographical origin, age and condition of the objects. The result from the wood species analysis shows that although the material varies, Sámi sledges are primarily made of birch (Betula sp.) and pine (Pinus sp.). Two specific items are distinguishable as they are made of aspen (Salix/Populus) and rowan (Sorbus aucuparia). Lipid analysis found traces of organic material in the wood samples that were analysed. Some of the objects were found to have been treated with linseed oil and tar for preservation. The lipid analysis also shows that there are remains of animal fats in 14 objects. It is important to note that these results are to be considered an assessment and not anestablished fact. The result from the 14C analysis shows that the objects have been used over a long time. There are five obvious time periods: modern times (1600–1950 CE), the transitionperiod between late late Middle Age and modern times (1450–1650 CE), Middle Age (1285–1395 CE), Viking Age (774–993 CE) and Neolithic (3643–2351 BCE). The oldest objects studied have been interpreted to be different sledges and can not be associated with Sámi sledges (ackjor). The documentation and 14C analysis of the oldest Sámi sledge (Swe. ackja,singular) show that it is dated to the Middle Age (1285–1395 CE). It is possible that when reindeer pastoralism started to intensify, the usage of Sámi sledges became more common.Archaeological Surveys of melting glaciers and snow patches in Swedish Sápmi, MAW 2020.0122. Finansieras av Marcus och Amalia Wallenbergs minnesfond
Somersaults : in play and gymnastics
No full textThe paper examines how the somersault is performed within two different movement cultures: play and gymnastics. Through a sociocultural perspective on movement, and based on the concepts of body techniques and movement cultures, the form and purpose of the somersault is analyzed. The paper uses movement analysis, observation, and contemporary and historical examples of how and where somersaults have been performed. By comparing play and gymnastics, the paper examines how body, space, and time are related to each other in different types of somersaults. The somersaults in play show a connection between imagination, nature, and the joy of movement in children, while the somersaults in gymnastics symbolize training and control of movement. In gymnastics, the somersault is an exercise that is limited in time and space, with one somersault at a time. In play, the somersault has no strict beginning or end and is often adapted to the environment in which it takes place
