Publikationer från Stockholms universitet
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Special Educational Support in English Language Education : "A blind spot"
No full textSyftet med studien var att beskriva speciallärares erfarenheter av arbetet med elever i svårigheter i engelska, hur svårigheterna upptäcktes och hur det specialpedagogiska stödet utformades. För att undersöka detta användes en kvalitativ metod där åtta speciallärare deltog i semistrukturerade intervjuer. Det teoretiska ramverk som legat till grund för tolkningen av empirin utgjordes av monitormodellen, Form-Focused Instruction samt The Simple View of Reading. Data analyserades med tematisk analys. Resultatet visar att engelskämnet ofta prioriteras lägre än övriga kärnämnen vad gäller specialpedagogiska insatser. Speciallärarna rapporterade också om stora nivåskillnader i elevers engelskkunskaper, vilket ställer höga krav på undervisande lärare. Det visade sig finnas etablerade rutiner för att upptäcka elever i svårigheter, men tillvägagångssätt för att grundligare kartlägga bakomliggande orsaker saknades. Samtliga speciallärare uttryckte svårigheter med att hitta kartläggningsmaterial av god kvalitet som fungerade för detta ändamål. I diskussionen ges förslag på praktiska tillämpningar av resultatet
Speciallärarens arbetssätt i den anpassade grundskolan för att stötta kommunikation hos icke-verbala elever inom ämnesområden
No full textEntanglement assisted quantum communication protocols
No full textQuantum entanglement plays a central role in many quantum communication protocols. It allows distant particles to share correlations beyond the limits of classical interactions. Entanglement is essential for superdense coding, quantum teleportation, and secure cryptographic key distribution in quantum communication. It is also a pillar for developing quantum networks, where the management and distribution of entanglement are crucial for connecting distant nodes. Although perfect entanglement is a sought-after ideal, experimental imperatives, including entanglement distribution over long distances, often limit the quality of entangled states. An important question is whether weaker entanglement still offers advantages. First, we study more general tasks than dense coding to show that simpler measurements, combined with entanglement, allow advantageous and sometimes even optimal qubit communication protocols to be obtained. We also demonstrate that simple measurements can generate quantum correlations that cannot be modelled by two classical communication bits and can constitute an optimal protocol with quantum resources. We implement a novel Bell-type inequality tailored for certifying full network non-locality (FNN) to develop certification methods guaranteeing security on an entanglement-based network. Our experiment uses two pairs of polarised entangled photons in a network configuration with three nodes, briefly referred to as a bilocal network scenario. Finally, we show that weakly entangled states can improve communication over a qubit channel using only separate (local) measurements on isotropic non-steerable two-qubit states, without interference, of individual photons, across two communication tasks: secret sharing and its stochastic variant.
Constructing Cooperation : Alliance Discourse in NATO and Türkiye Relations, 2010-2023
No full textThis thesis examines how NATO and Türkiye construct the meaning of their alliance through official discourse between 2010 and 2023. Rather than treating cooperation or tension as fixed outcomes, it analyzes how key alliance concepts: including alliance, threats, shared values, burden-sharing, and regional security, are articulated and adapted across shifting geopolitical contexts. Using Comparative Discourse Analysis, supported by Constructivism for descriptive mapping and Regional Security Complex Theory for explanation, the study identifies patterned fluctuation rather than linear change. The findings show that global systemic shocks generate discursive convergence, proximate regional crises produce divergence, and interregional bargaining results in conditional alignment grounded in different justificatory frames. The analysis further demonstrates that alliance discourse operates not only through emphasis but also through strategic silence. Overall, NATO-Türkiye cooperation emerges as a process of continuous negotiation in which alliance cohesion is sustained through the ongoing reinterpretation of shared priorities
Cryospheric influences on offshore Arctic groundwater systems : Offshore freshened groundwater and submarine groundwater discharge in a polar context
No full textOffshore freshened groundwater has been increasingly observed along passive continental margins across the globe. In many regions, the emplacement of offshore freshwater is attributed to paleo ice sheets that overrode continental margins during the Last Glacial Maximum. Beyond creating potential unconventional freshwater resources and influencing near-seafloor physicochemical conditions, these relic groundwater systems also provide a window into past and ongoing cryosphere–groundwater interactions. However, the absence of observational constraints on offshore groundwater residence times and submarine groundwater discharge rates over geological timescales limits understanding of their long-term evolution and solute flux variations to the ocean. This dissertation addresses this gap by improving residence time constraints at freshened groundwater sites offshore northern Norway and Svalbard through radiocarbon dating of dissolved inorganic carbon that is transported with the groundwater. In addition, the long-term evolution and flow dynamics of the freshened groundwater system offshore northern Norway under glacial advance and retreat were investigated using a coupled hydromechanical model. A meteoric water component was observed in porewaters as far as the continental shelf break offshore northern Norway and across multiple fjords in Svalbard. This freshwater is hypothesized to have been emplaced during time periods when ice sheets or glaciers advanced across the continental shelf or fjords, enabling subglacial meltwater recharge. Offshore northern Norway in particular, this mechanism is considered most probable, as water depths are sufficiently great such that the continental shelf was unlikely to have been exposed to the atmosphere during periods of sea-level lowstand during the Late Pleistocene. Residence time estimates of the saline groundwater component indicate that seawater infiltrated the Norwegian continental margin approximately 12,000 years after deglaciation of the outer continental shelf, replacing glacially driven freshwater recharge. This timing is corroborated by model results, which show that following a period of groundwater exfiltration after glacial retreat, seawater began infiltrating the subsurface of the outer continental shelf. The highest freshwater infiltration rates were modeled during periods of rapid glacial growth. Studies of the glacimarine fjords of Svalbard further highlight the role of sedimentation. High sedimentation rates inhibit submarine groundwater discharge and may effectively seal offshore freshened groundwater bodies. In conclusion, ice sheets can emplace large volumes of freshwater, resulting in subseafloor freshened groundwater bodies that still exist today. Moreover, mechanical loading from the ice influences groundwater flow, affecting submarine groundwater discharge rates alongside processes such as density-driven flow and sediment loading. Offshore freshened groundwater bodies emplaced by paleo ice sheets are expected to undergo progressive salinization, whereas the retreat of contemporary marine-terminating glaciers, ice tongues, and ice shelves is likely to cause a temporary increase in submarine groundwater discharge under low-sedimentation conditions, followed by a decline as the system adjusts to modern conditions
Probing spacetime geometry with atoms
No full textThis thesis examines how atomic quantum systems can be utilized to probe spacetime effects in regimes where quantum mechanics and general relativity intersect, and how gravitational phenomena imprint on experimentally accessible observables. The work is based on two complementary studies. In Article I, we propose an experimental scheme that combines trapped-atom interferometry with Ramsey interrogation to realize a clock held in a spatial superposition at two heights in Earth’s gravitational field. Using a path-integral treatment of interferometric phases and incorporating the internal-energy contribution to mass, we derive leading relativistic corrections and identify two signatures of proper-time superposition: (i) oscillations of interferometric visibility and (ii) an effective shift of the clock transition frequency. We argue that this frequency-shift signature may be within reach of current or near-term technology, even when visibility changes are too small to resolve. In Article II, we develop a general framework for spontaneous emission in curved spacetime and apply it to a gravitational-wave background. We demonstrate that gravitational waves can induce spectral sidebands and directional modulations in the emitted radiation, and formulate parameter estimation via Fisher-information-based sensitivity bounds, yielding order-of-magnitude requirements for detectability under idealized measurement conditions
From Readiness to Public Value : Modelling AI Adoption in Sweden’s Decentralised Municipal System
No full textSweden’s decentralised municipal structure creates a complex setting for digital transformation. Despite national strategies promoting artificial intelligence (AI), adoption remains uneven across municipalities due to regulatory uncertainty, budget limitations, and ethical concerns. This study investigates how technological, organisational, and contextual factors influence AI adoption and how municipalities manage trust and transparency. Drawing on the Technology–Organisation–Environment (TOE) framework and Public Value Management (PVM) theory, data were collected through a survey of municipal officials and analysed using descriptive statistics, regression modelling, and thematic analysis. Findings show leadership support as the strongest enabler, while inadequate infrastructure, unclear legal frameworks, and low public trust hinder progress. Limited budgets further restrict implementation, though collaboration and shared learning present underused opportunities. The study highlights the importance of strategic leadership, transparent governance, and inter-municipal cooperation to promote trustworthy and sustainable AI adoption in local government
Requirements Management in Electric Vehicle Development Projects: Challenges and Recommendations
No full textIntroduction: This thesis identifies key challenges in requirements management within electric vehicle development projects in a specific industry context, and suggests adjustments that could improve these processes. Research Question: The research is guided by two questions: “What are the main challenges in requirements management within electric vehicle development projects?” and “What adjustments can be implemented to improve the requirements management in electric vehicle development projects?” Method: The research is based on a case study using a qualitative methodology, implementing semi-structured interviews with twelve participants across different roles. Thematic analysis was used as the data analysis method. Results: Three central challenges emerged. First, team misalignment resulted in testers joining the process too late and developers beginning implementation before requirements were finalized, causing rework and slow error detection. Second, maintaining requirements proved difficult as the change towards higher-abstraction specifications reduced manual effort but increased ambiguity for testers, who rely on precise information. Third, tool constraints such as fragmented systems, limited traceability, and weak versioning, restrict efficiency across the lifecycle. Discussion: The findings suggest that improvements require changes across processes, team structures, and tools. A more parallel and collaborative development approach, with early cross-functional involvement and closer tester–developer alignment, can reduce misunderstandings and reveal requirement gaps sooner. Recommendations include conducting a traceability gap analysis, strengthening tool integration, and improving the requirements management system (RMS). A list of user-function requirements and a tag proposal for variants handling are included as part of the recommendations. It is important to note that the findings are specific to this case study and not intended to be generalized
The conservative revolution revisited : The blending of art and commerce in four Western publishing fields
No full textThe publishing industry underwent a profound process of commercialization over the last 50 years. Pierre Bourdieu characterized this commercialization process as a conservative revolution that entrenched existing power relations between corporate and independent publishing houses and submitted editorial strategies to an uncompromising economic logic that is incompatible with artistic concerns. In this study, we revisit the conservative revolution thesis to examine its consequences for the reconfiguration of cultural fields and artistic practices. We draw on detailed information on N = 293 publishing houses and class-specific multiple correspondence analysis to examine the structure and editorial strategies of contemporary publishing fields in France, Germany, Sweden, and the United States. Our findings support but also elaborate upon the conservative revolution thesis. We document oligopolistic field structures in all four countries. A small number of media corporations controls the mass market, monopolizes access to the fields’ economic and symbolic rewards, and marginalizes independent publishers into niche markets. We do not find complete submission to an economic logic but, instead, a strategic blending of art and commerce among corporate and independent publishers. The corporations, in particular, adopted hybrid editorial strategies that combine literary and commercial genres to cement their dominance, revealing how the fields’ transformation ultimately conserved pre-existing hierarchies. These findings have broader implications for theorizing on cultural fields. They suggest that artistic and economic logics are not incompatible and that cultural producers across various field positions successfully combine artistic and commercial strategies
