Publikationer från Röda Korsets Högskola
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Våga fråga : En allmän litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskors erfarenhet av att möta kvinnor utsatta för intimate partner violence [IPV]
No full textBackground: Women exposed to IPV is a global health problem which concerns all women regardless of ethnicity, religion or socioeconomic group. Previous research shows that exposed women demand more support and understanding from healthcare services and also that nurses need greater preparedness to meet these women adequately. Aim: The aim of this literature study was to explore nurses experiences in meeting women exposed to IPV. Method: A qualitative literature study consisting of 10 scientific articles that was analyzed bya qualitative content analysis. Results: Two categories were identified: challenges in meeting the woman and successfactors in meeting the woman. Nine associated subcategories were detected. These showed that nurses experienced impotency, lack of knowledge and time and also communication challenges in meeting women exposed to IPV. The analysis also identified factors that facilitated the meeting. Conclusions: Continued research on the phenomenon is necessary to provide nurses with education and to implement guidelines and policies within the healthcare sectors regarding IPV. It is of importance to be able to offer exposed women adequate care, improve theirhealth and reduce mortality due to the violence.Röda Korsets sjuksköterskeförening stipendium 2022</p
Essential Emergency and Critical Care : a consensus among global clinical experts.
No full textBACKGROUND: Globally, critical illness results in millions of deaths every year. Although many of these deaths are potentially preventable, the basic, life-saving care of critically ill patients are often overlooked in health systems. Essential Emergency and Critical Care (EECC) has been devised as the care that should be provided to all critically ill patients in all hospitals in the world. EECC includes the effective care of low cost and low complexity for the identification and treatment of critically ill patients across all medical specialties. This study aimed to specify the content of EECC and additionally, given the surge of critical illness in the ongoing pandemic, the essential diagnosis-specific care for critically ill patients with COVID-19. METHODS: In a Delphi process, consensus (>90% agreement) was sought from a diverse panel of global clinical experts. The panel iteratively rated proposed treatments and actions based on previous guidelines and the WHO/ICRC's Basic Emergency Care. The output from the Delphi was adapted iteratively with specialist reviewers into a coherent and feasible package of clinical processes plus a list of hospital readiness requirements. RESULTS: The 269 experts in the Delphi panel had clinical experience in different acute medical specialties from 59 countries and from all resource settings. The agreed EECC package contains 40 clinical processes and 67 requirements, plus additions specific for COVID-19. CONCLUSION: The study has specified the content of care that should be provided to all critically ill patients. Implementing EECC could be an effective strategy for policy makers to reduce preventable deaths worldwide
Does country of resettlement influence the risk of suicide in refugees? : A case-control study in Sweden and Norway
No full textAims Little is known regarding how the risk of suicide in refugees relates to their host country. Specifically, to what extent inter-country differences in structural factors between the host countries may explain the association between refugee status and subsequent suicide is lacking in previous literature. We aimed to investigate (1) the risk of suicide in refugees resident in Sweden and Norway, in general, and according to their sex, age, region/country of birth and duration of residence, compared with the risk of suicide in the respective majority host population; (2) if factors related to socio-demographics, labour market marginalisation (LMM) and healthcare use might explain the risk of suicide in refugees differently in host countries. Methods Using a nested case-control design, each case who died by suicide between the age of 18 and 64 years during 1998 and 2018 (17 572 and 9443 cases in Sweden and Norway, respectively) was matched with up to 20 controls from the general population, by sex and age. Multivariate-adjusted conditional logistic regression models yielding adjusted odds ratios (aORs) with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were used to test the association between refugee status and suicide. Separate models were controlled for factors related to socio-demographics, previous LMM and healthcare use. Analyses were also stratified by sex and age groups, by refugees' region/country of birth and duration of residence in the host country. Results The aORs for suicide in refugees in Sweden and Norway were 0.5 (95% CI 0.5-0.6) and 0.3 (95% CI 0.3-0.4), compared with the Swedish-born and Norwegian-born individuals, respectively. Stratification by region/country of birth showed similar statistically significant lower odds for most refugee groups in both host countries except for refugees from Eritrea (aOR 1.0, 95% CI 0.7-1.6) in Sweden. The risk of suicide did not vary much across refugee groups by their duration of residence, sex and age except for younger refugees aged 18-24 who did not have a statistically significant relative difference in suicide risk than their respective host country peers. Factors related to socio-demographics, LMM and healthcare use had only a marginal influence on the studied associations in both countries. Conclusions Refugees in Sweden and Norway had almost similar suicide mortality advantages compared with the Swedish-born and Norwegian-born population, respectively. These findings may suggest that resiliency and culture/religion-bound attitudes towards suicidal behaviour in refugees could be more influential for their suicide risk after resettlement than other post-migration environmental and structural factors in the host country
Escorting Students into Responsibility and Autonomy (ESRA) : A Model for Supervising Degree Project
No full textBackground: Several models for how to support students and provide them with the skills needed to write their degree projects have been proposed. However, few attempts have been made to present a general model for students’ academic work based on reasoning and communication skills rather than memorizing and mimicking their supervisors during their independent degree project.Objective: In the present paper, we propose a well-structured model that assists supervisors in promoting students’ responsibility and autonomy, while at the same time maintaining a high level of support.Presentation: We present a step-by-step protocol based on a partnership model with a contractual style that focuses on students’ academic work with their own texts through a process of alternating between abstract and concrete writing. This protocol, which is called the ESRA (Escorting the Students into Responsibility and Autonomy) model, can be utilized regardless of the content, specific aim and scope of the individual student’s degree project.Discussion and Conclusions: We argue that this model promotes high levels of engagement and assumption of responsibility among students, while also offering a feasible structure for ensuring the steps to empowerment and autonomy. Use of the ESRA model is suitable when a constructive interaction between students and supervisors is desirable as a tool to achieve the learning outcomes of the degree project. Thus, the proposed model is one step toward giving a new generation of nurses the skills and ability they need to adapt in the changing world of the 21st century and to make promoting health a core mission of their profession
Att vårda patienter i livets slutskede : sjuksköterskors erfarenheter
No full textBakgrund: Patienter i livets slutskede har upplevelser av sårbarhet, frustration och hopplöshet. Där har sjuksköterskor, genom en god relation och ärlig kommunikation, ett ansvar att identifiera patienters unika behov för att lindra deras lidande och öka deras livskvalitet. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av att vårda patienter i livets slutskede. Metod: Studien genomfördes som en allmän litteraturstudie enligt Polit och Becks niostegsmodellen. Kvalitativ innehållsanalys användes för att analysera valda artiklar. Resultat: Två kategorier och fyra underkategorier identifierades. Första kategorin är “En vilja att erbjuda en personcentrerad vård” med underkategorierna “Att vårda med helhetssyn” och “Att skapa en relation”. Andra kategorin är “Erfarenheter av att utmanas i olika vårdsituationer” med underkategorierna “Brist på resurser” och “Balansgång mellan att vara medmänniska och professionell vårdgivare”. Slutsatser: Sjuksköterskor som vårdade patienter i livets slutskede hade olika uppfattningar gällande den vården de erbjöd patienterna. Genom dessa uppfattningar kan hinder i vårdandet av dessa patienter identifieras och åtgärder kan vidtas för att förbättra vård i livets slutskede
Adolescents' experiences of self-care in type 1 diabetes : A literature review
No full textBackground: Type 1 diabetes mellitus is a chronic condition that affects many adolescents around the world. Living with type 1 diabetes places expectations and demands, especially onadolescents who are in a phase of development and changes, which can affect their ability to perform proper self-care. The nurse plays an important role in the health-promoting work with a person-centered approach based on autonomy. Aim: The aim of this literature review was to investigate experiences of self-care in diabetes type 1 from the perspective of the adolescent. Method: A literature review with a qualitative approach, based on 11 original scientificarticles. Results: The results are presented as four themes: ”challenges with self-care”, ”the importance of support”, ”barriers to knowledge” and ”increased independence”. Conclusion: Self-care is part of the treatment for type 1 diabetes and expectations of the adolescents and the environment becomes crucial factors in compliance. By bringing knowledge, support andguidance based on a person-centered approach, nurses can contribute to promoting adolescents’ health, equal care and increased quality of life. Further research is required toensure that good nursing can be applied by the nurse, to understand adolescents' experiences of self-care in connection with the development phases, conditions and lifestyles.Bakgrund: Diabetes mellitus typ 1 är ett kroniskt sjukdomstillstånd som drabbar många ungdomar i världen. Att leva med diabetes typ 1 medför utmaningar och krav, speciellt hos ungdomar som befinner sig i en fas av utveckling och förändringar, som kan påverka dennes förmåga att utföra korrekt egenvård. Sjuksköterskan spelar en viktig roll vid dethälsofrämjande arbetet med ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt med självbestämmande som grund. Syfte: Syftet med denna litteraturöversikt var att undersöka erfarenheter av egenvård vid diabetes typ 1 ur ungdomarnas perspektiv. Metod: En litteraturöversikt med kvalitativ ansats, som baserats på 11 vetenskapliga originalartiklar. Dataanalysen utfördes med tematisk analys av Braun och Clarke. Resultat: Resultatet presenteras som fyra teman: ”utmaningar med egenvård”, ”stödets betydelse”, ”kunskapsbarriärer” och ”ökad självständighet”. Slutsats: Egenvård utgör en del av behandlingen för diabetes typ 1 och förväntningar på ungdomarna och omgivningen blir avgörande faktorer vid följsamheten. Genom att medföra kunskap, stöd och vägledning utifrån ett personcentrerat förhållningssätt kan sjuksköterskor bidra med att främja ungdomars hälsa, jämlik vård och ökad livskvalitet. Fortsatt forskning krävs för att säkerställa att en god omvårdnad kan tillämpas avsjuksköterskan, för att förstå ungdomars erfarenheter av egenvården i samband medutvecklingsfaserna, förutsättningar och levnadssätt
Elderly patients experiences of living with type 2 diabetes : A literature study
No full textBackground: The elderly population is increasing, and the chronic disease type 2 diabetes is becoming more prevalent, and this affects their well-being. This results in high costs regarding managing the recommended healthy lifestyle. Patients experience both psychological and physical impact due to fear of disease complications and becoming multimorbid. Purpose: To describe elderly patients ́ experiences of living with type 2 diabetes. Method: A literature study with qualitative content analysis based on 12 original qualitative articles was conducted with focus on patients ‘experiences. Results: Three main categories and six sub-categories were emerged: Emotional experiences, Experiences of support and Need for diabetes education program. Subcategories were fear and frustration, hopelessness, Acceptance and social support, Attitudes towards the health careteam, lack of knowledge about T2D and experiences of low self-efficacy. Conclusion: Literature study has shown that patients have different experiences of living with type 2 diabetes and a more individualized diabetes care is needed. The nurse should also approach the patient from a holistic perspective by focusing on the whole person and not juston the disease. Implications: Further research is recommended to promote quality of life in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes.Bakgrund: Den äldre befolkning ökar samtidigt som den kroniska sjukdomen diabetes typ 2 bli alltmer förekommande vilket påverkar välbefinnandet. Detta resulterar i höga kostnader föratt hantera den rekommenderade hälsosamma livsstilen. Patienter upplever både psykologisk och fysisk påverkan på grund av rädsla för sjukdoms komplikationer och att bli multi-sjuka. Syfte: Att beskriva äldre patienters upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2. Metod: En litteraturstudie med kvalitativ innehållsanalys grundad på 12 original kvalitativa artiklar som genomfördes med fokus på patienters upplevelser. Resultat: Tre huvudkategorier och sex subkategorier formulerades. Huvudkategorier: Känslomässig erfarenhet, Upplevelser av stöd och Behov av diabetesutbildningsprogram. Subkategorier: Rädsla och frustration, Hopplöshet, Acceptans och socialt stöd, Attityder till hälso-sjukvård teamet, Brist på kunskap om T2D och Upplevelser av låg self-efficacy. Slutsats: Litteraturstudien har visat att patienter har olika upplevelser av att leva med diabetes typ 2 och att det behövs en mer individanpassad diabetesvård. Sjuksköterskan bör också bemöta patienten utifrån en helhetssyn genom att fokusera på hela person och inte bara på sjukdomen. Implikationer: Vidare forskning rekommenderas med avseende att främja livskvalitet hos äldre patienter som drabbas av diabetes typ 2
Self-reported quality of life in sepsis-survivors
No full textBakgrund: Sepsis är ett kritisk tillstånd som orsakas av ett systemiskt inflammatoriskt svar som kan leda till organsvikt. Mortaliteten är hög och komplikationer efter genomgången sepsis kan vara såväl fysisk som psykisk. Syfte: Syftet var att undersöka hälsorelaterad livskvalitet hos patienter efter genomgången sepsis. Metod: Allmän litteraturöversikt av tio kvantitativa artiklar med en tematisk innehållsanalys. Resultat: Ett huvudtema och tre subteman identifierades. Livskvalitet utgjorde huvudtemat, med subteman Psykisk livskvalitet, Fysisk livskvalitet och Social livskvalitet. Resultatet påvisade signifikanta nedsättningar i livskvalitet hos patienter som överlevt sepsis direkt efter utskrivning. Fysiska nedsättningar som påverkat livskvaliteten var utmärkande hos patientgruppen, samtidigt som samtliga undersökta domäner förbättrades över tid. Slutsats: Efter genomgången sepsis påverkas den hälsorelaterade livskvalitet både fysiskt, psykiskt och socialt. Genom dessa kunskaper kan sjuksköterskan personcentrera omvårdnaden och därmed främja patientens återhämtning.Background: Sepsis is a critical condition caused by a systemic inflammatory response, which can cause organ failure. The condition has a high mortality rate and the complications can be physical and psychological. Aim: The aim was to investigate sepsis-survivors health related quality of life [HRQoL]. Method: Literature review of ten quantitative articles with a thematic analysis. Result: One main theme and three subthemes were identified. Quality of life constituted the main theme, with the subthemes Psychological quality of life, Physical quality of life and Social quality of life. The results demonstrated significant reductions in quality of life in sepsis-survivors directly after discharge from the hospital. Physical impairments which affected the quality of life were distinctive within the group of patients, while all of the researched domains improved over time. Conclusion: The physical, mental and social quality of life were affected for patients after recovering from sepsis. With this knowledge it is possible for nurses to adapt nursing measures individually and facilitate the patients recovery.
How women with endometriosis experience healthcare encounter : A literature study
No full textBackground: Endometriosis is a prolonged gynecological disease that causes a lot of pain during menstruation and affects many aspects of the person’s life. The disease occurs in approximately 10 percent of the fertile women worldwide, making it a public health problem. Despite that, it takes a long time to get the right diagnosis and treatment. Nurses meet women with endometriosis in various contexts and thus have an important role in supporting and advocating for women’s health and rights. Aim: To illustrate how women with endometriosis experience healthcare encounter. Method: 11 scientific articles with a qualitative approach have been synthesized using thematic analysis. Results: Two main themes were identified: Feeling of powerlessness and alienation and Feeling of hope. Women with endometriosis had mainly negative experiences of the treatment due to the healthcare professional’s lack of knowledge and understanding of the disease. The results also showed that care meetings that were characterized by respect, knowledge and compassion led to positive experiences for the women. Conclusion: Women with endometriosis need greater attention both in healthcare but also in the general public. Knowledge, adequate treatment, understandable communication and patient participation are a basic prerequisite for more holistic and equal care.Bakgrund: Endometrios är en långvarig gynekologisk sjukdom som orsakar mycket smärta i samband med menstruation och påverkar många aspekter av den enskilda individens liv. Sjukdomen drabbar ungefär 10 procent av de fertila kvinnorna världen över, vilket gör den till ett folkhälsoproblem. Trots detta tar det lång tid att få rätt diagnos och behandling. Sjuksköterskor träffar kvinnor med endometrios i olika sammanhang och har därmed en viktig roll i att stödja och förespråka kvinnans hälsa och rättigheter. Syfte: Att belysa hur kvinnor med endometrios upplever bemötandet inom hälso- och sjukvården. Metod: 11 vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats har syntetiserats med hjälp av tematisk analys. Resultat: Två huvudteman identifierades: Känsla av maktlöshet och utanförskap och känsla av hopp. Kvinnor med endometrios har huvudsakligen negativa upplevelser av bemötandet till följd av vårdpersonalens brist på kunskap och förståelse för sjukdomen. Resultatet visar även att vårdmöten som präglades av respekt, kunskap och medkänsla ledde till positiva upplevelser hos kvinnorna. Slutsats: Kvinnor med endometrios behöver uppmärksammas i större omfång både inom hälso-och sjukvården men även allmänheten. Kunskap, gott bemötande, tydlig kommunikation och patientdelaktighet är en grundläggande förutsättning för en mer holistisk och jämställd vård
People’s experiences of living with an ostomy : A litterature review
No full textBakgrund: Stomi innebär en konstgjord öppning i buken som skapats med hjälp av ett kirurgiskt ingrepp. Stomikirurgi utförs när det finns en förändring i den drabbade vävnaden orsakad av till exempel cancer eller inflammatorisk tarmsjukdom (IBD). I sjuksköterskans roll är det viktigt att uppmuntra personer med stomi att hantera vardagliga problem. Förutom att ta itu med fysiologiska problem, vård, utbildning och rådgivning så måste sociala och psykologiska aspekter beaktas. Syfte: Syftet med studien var att beskriva personers erfarenheter av att leva med stomi. Metod: En litteraturöversikt där sökningar genomfördes i PubMed och Cinahl. Tio kvalitativa originalartiklar granskades med en tematisk analys av. Resultat: Två tema och fem subtema identifierades. De två teman var stomins inverkan på livet och behov av stöd. Resultatet visar att personens självbild och kroppsuppfattning förändrades på grund av stomi var något svårt att anpassa sig till vidare visar hur viktigt det är att sjuksköterskan har kunskap och erfarenhet av att undervisa både drabbade personer och närstående. Slutsatser: Den förändrade fysiska förutsättning som en stomi innebär har stor inverkan på livskvaliteten och begränsar vardagsrutiner såsom fysiska aktiviteter. Stomin upplevdes också som räddningen från den tidigare bakomliggande sjukdomen och gav förbättrad livskvalitet.Background: An ostomy means an artificial opening in the abdomen that is created through surgery. Ostomy surgery is performed when there is a change in the affected tissue caused by, among other things cancer and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In the role of the nurse, it is important to encourage people with stoma to deal with everyday problems. In addition to dealing with physiological problems, care, education and counseling as well as extensive social and psychological aspects. Aim: The purpose of the study was to describe people's experiences of living with a stoma. Method: A literature review with a thematic analysis of ten qualitative original articles. Result: Two themes and five subthemes were identified. The two themes were the impact of the stoma on life and the need for support. The results show that the person's self-image and body perception changed due to stoma was somewhat difficult to adapt to further shows how important it is that the nurse has knowledge and experience of teaching both affected people and relatives. Conclusion: The changed physical conditions have a major impact on the quality of life, which means limited daily routines such as physical activities for some people. While others considered the stoma a rescue from a previous, underlying disease and experienced an improved quality of life