Publikationer från Karlstads Universitet
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Swedish preschool internationally : Their work with the Swedish curriculum
No full textThe purpose of this study is to gain insight into Swedish preschools internationally and how their operations are linked to the Swedish and/or national curriculum. We began by mapping these preschools since there was no previous compilation or research on them. After that we used written semi-structured interviews, which were sent to three preschool teachers in different countries. New questions arose after the initial analysis of the responses, leading to a two-step interview process. We used content analysis to organize questions, responses, and our analysis, and then summarized the results. The results show that the preschools are based on the Swedish curriculum and Nordic pedagogy. They also integrate Swedish and national traditions and are multilingual, with teaching primarily in Swedish and support for those who have not yet mastered the language. The preschools describe themselves as small-scale and familial, with fewer children than they are accustomed to in Swedish preschools. This leads to teachers often working outside of working hours, but it also contributes to a calmer environment. The conclusion is that Swedish preschools internationally operate in a way that resembles those in Sweden, by working according to the Swedish curriculum and its pedagogy.Syftet med denna studie är att få en inblick i svenska förskolor internationellt och hur deras arbete i verksamheten är kopplad till den svenska och/eller nationella läroplanen. Vi inledde med att kartlägga dessa förskolor då det inte fanns någon tidigare sammanställning eller forskning om dem. Därefter använde vi skriftliga semistrukturerade intervjuer, som skickades till tre förskollärare i olika länder. Nya frågor uppstod efter den första analysen av svaren, vilket ledde till en tvåstegsintervju. Vi använde innehållsanalys för att organisera frågor, svar och vår analys, och sammanfattade sedan resultaten. Resultatet visar att förskolorna utgår från den svenska läroplanen och den nordiska pedagogiken. De integrerar också svenska och nationella traditioner och är flerspråkiga, med undervisning främst på svenska och stöd för de som ännu inte behärskar språket. Förskolorna beskriver sig som småskaliga och familjära, med färre barn än vad de är vana vid från svenska förskolor. Detta leder till att pedagogerna ofta arbetar utanför arbetstiden, det bidrar också till en lugnare miljö. Slutsatsen är att svenska förskolor internationellt bedriver en verksamhet som liknar förskolorna i Sverige, genom att arbeta enligt den svenska läroplanen och dess pedagogik
Behov av läkarstöd för sjuksköterskan inom ambulanssjuvård : En kvantitativ enkätstudie
No full textAmbulanssjukvårdens uppdrag har ändrats från en transportorganisation till att utföra avancerad behandling och göra medicinska bedömningar. Denna utveckling gör arbetet mer komplext. Det uppstår ofta situationer där sjuksköterskan behöver stöd och konsultation av läkare för rätt bedömningar och behandling. Syftet var att undersöka sjuksköterskan i ambulanssjukvårdens behov av läkarstöd. Studien är en kvantitativ enkätstudie och genomfördes inom en ambulansorganisation i Mellansverige. 100 sjuksköterskor besvarade enkäten vilket gav en svarsfrekvens på 36,5%. Studien visade att de vanligaste läkarstöden var barnläkare och helikopterläkare. Vanligaste orsaken till kontakt var rådgivning om behandling, handläggning samt hänvisning eller beslut om att lämna patienten hemma. Studien visade korrelation mellan högre antal tjänsteår i ambulans och behov av att kontakta barn och helikopterläkare samt sjuksköterskor med högre ålder och behov av ordination utöver sin OEGD. Studien visar att majoriteten av respondenterna har längre erfarenhet som sjuksköterskor inom ambulanssjukvård. De flesta sjuksköterskorna uppgav att de oftast eller alltid fick det stöd de behövde. Resultaten indikerar att läkarstöd uppfattas som ett viktigt stöd, särskilt vid rådgivning eller åtgärder utöver ordinationer enligt generella direktiv (OEGD). Prehospital care has developed from transporting patients to giving advanced medical care and making medical assessments. This development has resulted in a higher degree of complexity and situations where the nurse needs to consult a physician. This contact is in order to ensure that the assessment is correct, and that the treatment is adequate for the patient. The study was a quantitative survey study in an ambulance organization in Midsweden. The aim of the study was to survey nurses in prehospital setting's need of support from physicians. 100 nurses answered the survey which gave a response rate of 36,5 %. The study demonstrated that the most common physician to contact is the pediatrician and the helicopter physician. The most common need for support was consultation about treatment and management of the patient and referring patients to the best level of care. The study showed a correlation between longer prehospital care experience and the need to contact a pediatrician or helicopter physician. The study also showed a correlation between a higher age and need for prescription of drugs that exceeds what the nurse is generally allowed to administer to the patient. The study shows that the majority of the nurses have a lot of work experience as nurses in the prehospital setting. Most of the nurses experienced that they always or almost always received the support they needed especially regarding consultation and prescription of drugs exceeding the dose they generally were allowed to administer
Job satisfaction at risk : Measuring the role of process debt in agile software development
No full textProcess debt (PD) in agile software development represents inefficiencies that undermine team performance and job satisfaction. This study investigates the quantitative impact of PD on job satisfaction within agile teams, surveying 191 participants from two software development organizations. Our research examines five PD types: Process Unsuitability, Roles Debt, Synchronization Debt, Documentation Debt, and Infrastructure Debt. Using multiple regression analysis, our model explains approximately 33.8 % of the variance in job satisfaction. Among the five PD types, Process Unsuitability and Roles Debt emerged as statistically significant predictors of reduced job satisfaction. These findings indicate that certain forms of PD have a measurable negative impact on developers’ perceptions of their work environment. By identifying which PD types most strongly influence job satisfaction, this research offers empirically grounded insights that can inform targeted interventions. Understanding and addressing the most impactful PD categories may help organizations refine agile processes, thereby mitigating the detrimental effects of process inefficiencies on job satisfaction.
Between Nationality and Faith : An Analysis of National and Religious Identities on Swedish-Muslim Websites
No full textThis essay explores how Islamic organizations in Sweden convey a swedish-muslim identity through their websites. By analyzing the digital platforms of three key organizations, Sveriges Muslimska Förbund, Islamiska Shiasamfunden i Sverige, and Islams Ahmadiyya Församling, the research examines the intersection of national and religious identities. Using qualitative methods such as content and visual analysis, the study identifies how language, symbols, and visuals are used to navigate dual belonging. Findings reveal that these websites serve as arenas for balancing swedish and muslim identities. Organizations highlight integration and shared societal values through national symbols like the Swedish flag while maintaining religious authenticity. Themes of "dual belonging" emerge, reflecting efforts to align muslim identity with swedish norms. The organizations also emphasize social engagement, such as combating extremism and participating in national celebrations, to foster inclusion. The study concludes that these digital platforms are vital tools for expressing coexistence and challenging stereotypes in a multicultural context
Patient-centered care in practice : hospital and online primary care settings
No full textPurposeDrawing on value cocreation, this study examines health-care customers' perceptions of patient-centered care (PCC) in hospital and online primary care settings. This study aims to address how are the key principles of PCC related, how the relationships between key PCC principles and outcomes (subjective well-being and service satisfaction) vary depending on the channel providing the care (hospital/online primary care) and what differences are placed on the involvement of family and friends in these different settings by health-care customers.Design/methodology/approachThis study comprises four samples of health-care customers (Sample 1 n = 272, Sample 2 n = 278, Sample 3 n = 275 and Sample 4 n = 297) totaling 1,122 respondents. This study models four key principles of PCC: service providers respecting health-care customers' values, needs and preferences; collaborative resources of the multi-disciplinary care team; health-care customers actively collaborating with their own resources; and health-care customers involving family and friends, explicating which principles of PCC have positive effects on outcomes: subjective well-being and service satisfaction.FindingsFindings confirm that health-care customers want to feel respected by service providers, use their own resources to actively collaborate in their care and have multi-disciplinary teams coordinating and integrating their care. However, contrary to prior findings, for online primary care, service providers respecting customers' values needs and preferences do not translate into health-care customers actively collaborating with their own resources. Further, involving family and friends has mixed results for online primary care. In that setting, this study finds that involving family and friends only positively impacts service satisfaction, when care is provided using video and not voice only.Social implicationsBy identifying which PCC principles influence the health-care customer experience most, this research shows policymakers where they should invest resources to achieve beneficial outcomes for health-care customers, service providers and society, thus advancing current thinking and practice.Originality/valueThis research provides a health-care customer perspective on PCC and shows how the resources of the health-care system can activate the health-care customer's own resources. It further shows the role of technology in online care, where it alters how care is experienced by the health-care customer
Prehistoric Times in School : Historical Culture, Archaeological, and Didactic Perspectives on Educational Resources circa 1900—2020
No full textIn Swedish schools, the youngest students are taught about the oldest history in a Nordic context, a tradition dating back to before the beginning of the 20th century. This study examines textbooks and educational films from the early 1900s to the 2020s, alongside interviews with students in connection with a visit to a cultural heritage site in the 2020s. The aim is to highlight the knowledge and perspectives on prehistoric times made available to students in textbooks, educational films, and at a visit to a reconstructed Bronze Age farm and rock carving site. Additionally, the study aims to draw attention to the continuity as well as the changes in our understanding of prehistoric times as reflected in educational resources over time. The empirical material is compared with contemporary archaeological research, and the results are related to different dimensions of historical culture. Special interest is directed toward how relationships and the division of labour between women, men, and children have been depicted in textbooks and educational films. The visit to the cultural heritage site is related to historical empathy. The results show that the content of textbooks and educational films often aligns with contemporary archaeological research traditions. Women and men are, however, described primarily in traditional gender roles, and there is a need for a shorter transformation distance between researchers and producers of educational materials. In the films, the portrayal of girls undergoes the most significant change over time. The visit to the cultural heritage site highlighted the importance of students experiencing prehistory with all their senses and meeting museum educators who can convey relevant knowledge about prehistoric times. Furthermore, the results also show the importance of having time for reflection after the visit, as this facilitates students' deepened reflections. Vilken kunskap om förhistorisk tid förmedlas i skolans undervisningsresurser och hur väl stämmer den överens med samtida arkeologisk forskning? Runt sekelskiftet 1800 – 1900 sammanstrålar flera aspekter som utgör en utgångspunkt för denna avhandling. Den arkeologiska vetenskapen etableras, den förhistoriska tiden skrivs in i historieämnet och den första filmen om förhistorisk tid spelas in och finns med i skolfilmskataloger fram till 1970-talet. Sedan läroplanen 1878 undervisas de yngsta eleverna om Nordens äldsta historia. Tidigt uppmärksammas också nyttan med undervisningsutflykter och att undervisningen bör grundas på elevernas egna iakttagelser. Avhandlingen belyser förmedling av förhistorisk tid i läroböcker, undervisningsfilmer samt vid ett besök till en kulturarvsplats där elever under en skoldag utforskade livet under bronsåldern. Innehållet i läroböcker och undervisningsfilmer jämförs med arkeologisk forskning. Intresse riktas mot relationer och arbetsfördelning och resultatet visar att kvinnor och män oftast framställs i traditionella könsroller. Resultatet visar även hur en kulturarvsplats kan bidra till en djupare förståelse för människorna som levde under förhistorisk tid och att elevernas historiska empati kan utvecklas och fördjupas när de får uppleva förhistorien med alla sina sinnen
Parental separation and children’s wellbeing. : A literature review on the consequences for children’s wellbeing and relationships in the context of parental separation.
No full textDenna studie undersökte hur föräldraseparation påverkade barns välmående och utveckling samt hur olika boendeformer och strategier för att hantera separationen påverkade deras livssituation. Genom en allmän litteraturöversikt analyserades befintlig forskning med hjälp av familjesystemteori, spillover-hypotesen och resiliensbegreppet. Resultaten visade att föräldrakonflikter och låg samarbetskvalitet ökade risken för negativa effekter på barns psykiska hälsa, såsom ångest och depression. Växelvis boende framstod som en positiv boendeform för barn när föräldrarna kunde samarbeta väl, medan konflikter kunde förvärra barns känsla av osäkerhet. Strategier varierade, men inkluderade emotionellt stöd, kognitiva metoder och ibland undvikande. Studien betonade vikten av att skapa en stabil och stödjande miljö för att minimera de negativa konsekvenserna av separationer. Slutsatsen var att ett nära samarbete mellan föräldrar och ett välorganiserat boende kan bidra till att stärka barnens motståndskraft och skapa förutsättningar för en trygg utveckling.This study examined how parental separation affected children’s well-being and development, as well as how different post-separation living arrangements and strategies for managing the separation influenced their life situation. Through a general literature review, existing research was analyzed using family systems theory, the spillover hypothesis, and the concept of resilience. The findings revealed that parental conflict and poor co-parenting quality increased the risk of negative effects on children’s mental health, such as anxiety and depression. Joint custody emerged as a beneficial arrangement for children when parents collaborated effectively, while unresolved conflicts exacerbated feelings of insecurity. Strategies for managing the separation varied but included emotional support, cognitive methods, and sometimes avoidance. The study emphasized the importance of creating a stable and supportive environment to minimize the adverse impacts of separation. The conclusion was that close parental cooperation and well-structured living arrangements could enhance children’s resilience and foster secure development
“We are not strong alone” : A qualitative study of the preventive work of SSPF with at-risk youth, and its challenges and obstacles.
No full textSyftet med studien var att undersöka hur samverkan inom SSPF, förkortningen för skola, socialtjänst, polis och fritid, främjar det förebyggande arbetet, samt eventuella utmaningar och hinder som kan uppstå. För att uppnå studiens syfte genomfördes totalt åtta kvalitativa intervjuer, två forskningsdeltagare från varje aktör. För att analysera materialet genomfördes en kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultatet analyserades sedan mot bakgrund av studiens teoretiska ramverk, systemteorin och Bourdieus teoretiska begrepp kapital, fält och doxa. Studiens resultat utvisade att samtliga forskningsdeltagare uppfattade SSPF som en positiv bidragande faktor till det förebyggande arbetet med ungdomar i riskzon. Grundläggande faktorer för en fungerande samverkan ansågs bestå av god kommunikation, stöd från ledning, tydlighet i arbetssättet och vikten av tidiga insatser. Hinder och utmaningar inom SSPF utgjordes av regler kring sekretess, bristande resurser, personbundna strukturer och problem kring implementeringen. Slutsatsen som drogs var att det är av mycket stor vikt att aktörer samverkar. Vidare framkom det att samverkan inom människobehandlande organisationer blir allt vanligare och kommer vara en stor del av det sociala arbetet i framtiden.The purpose of the study was to examine how collaboration within SSPF, an acronym for school, social services, police, and recreation, enhances preventive work, as well as to discuss any challenges and obstacles that may arise. To achieve the aim of the study, a total of eight qualitative interviews were conducted, with two interviewees from each organization. The empirical data was analyzed using qualitative content analysis. The results were then read against the backdrop of the study's theoretical framework, which included systems theory and Bourdieu´s concepts of capital, field, and doxa. The findings showed that all interviewees perceived SSPF as a positive contributing factor to preventive work with at-risk youth. Key factors for effective collaboration were considered to include good communication, management support, clear working methods, and the importance of early interventions. The challenges and obstacles within SSPF were identified as issues related to confidentiality regulations, lack of resources, person-dependent structures, and problems with implementation. The main conclusion is that collaboration between actors is of great importance. Furthermore, it was noted that collaboration within human-service organizations is becoming increasingly common, and it is likely to be a major focus in the future
In-situ alloying of Cu in 316L stainless steel by PBF-LB : Influence of laser power and rescanning strategy
No full textPresent work focuses on the in-situ 316L/Cu alloy development by using laser beam powder bed fusion (PBF-LB) additive manufacturing. Influence of the most influential processing parameters i.e., the laser power, and the number of scans i.e., single melting (SM), double melting (DM) and triple melting (TM), on the in-situ alloying ability was studied. At the lowest laser power, 175 W, some 316L powder particles were unmelted and the Cu was not mixed properly into the matrix of 316L. Increasing the laser power from 175 W to 235 W, improves the complete melting of all the components in 316L/Cu powder mix and effective alloying of Cu into 316L with improved homogeneity in its distribution after solidification. However, there is minor copper rich banding at the track overlaps in SM sample prepared at 235 W. Employing of rescanning strategy further improves the homogeneity in distribution of copper owing to the clean and high-quality molten pool with better intermixing by strong molten pool convection