Publikationer från Karlstads Universitet
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Bullying in Upper Secondary School for Pupils with Intellectual Disabilities : School staff's views on how bullying can be prevented, remedied, and how it affects students' learning in upper secondary school for pupils with intellectual disabilities
No full textDenna studie syftar till att exemplifiera förebyggande arbete mot mobbning i en anpassad gymnasieskola i Sverige. Den fokuserar på hur nyckelpersoner i skolpersonalen resonerar och reflekterar kring mobbning och arbetar för att säkerställa en trygg lärmiljö. Med en kvalitativ metod genomfördes semi-strukturerade intervjuer med två lärare, rektorn och en kurator. Forskningen baseras på symbolisk interaktionsteori, som förklarar mobbning som en dynamisk process formad av pågående interaktioner som påverkar identitet och beteende. Studien visar vikten av förebyggande åtgärder, såsom att främja samarbetsförmåga och skapa positiva relationer för att säkerställa en trygg skolmiljö. Den beskriver rutiner och åtgärder vid mobbning och diskuterar de psykologiska och pedagogiska effekterna på eleverna. Dessutom betonar studien den avgörande rollen av samarbete mellan skola och hem för att minska mobbning, och framhåller att en stödjande miljö stärker elevernas känsla av trygghet och tillhörighet. Denna studie bidrar till det professionella fältet genom att ge ett exempel på hur skolpersonalen vid denna skola arbetar för att stärka det förebyggande arbetet mot mobbning. Den fungerar som en grund för vidare forskning för att utveckla mer effektiva antimobbningsprogram, särskilt i anpassade gymnasieskolan
Men’s experiences of living with hormone-treated prostate cancer : A literature study
No full textBakgrund: Prostatacancer är den vanligaste cancerformen som drabbar män och många lever med sjukdomen och dess behandling under många år. Hormonbehandling är en av behandlingsformerna som syftar till att hämma testosteronets påverkan av cancerns tillväxt. Att ge personcentrerad vård är viktigt för att sjuksköterskan ska ge god vård utifrån männens behov. Det är därför viktigt att belysa männens upplevelser av att leva med hormonbehandlad prostatacancer. Syfte: Syftet var att belysa patienters upplevelse av att leva med hormonbehandlad prostatacancer. Metod: Litteraturstudie med fyra steg. Databaserna Cinahl och Medline användes och resultatanalysen baseras på tematisk analys med induktiv ansats. Resultatet består av tio artiklar. Resultat: Resultatet utformade sju teman: Påverkan av sexuallivet, Förlust av manlighet, Kognitiva förändringar, Känslomässiga förändringar, Social och relationell påverkan, Behov av stöd och Strategier och hantering. Slutsats: Män som lever med hormonbehandlad prostatacancer upplever olika förändringar och påverkan. Samtidigt lever männen med strategier för att hantera förändringarna och upplever behov av stöd under behandlingen. Vidare lever männen med behov av information och kunskap om hormonbehandlingen. Det är viktigt att männen berättar och att deras upplevelser uppmärksammas för att optimera vårdens stöttning och för att männen ska uppleva god och personcentrerad vård
War Trauma in Virginia Woolf's Mrs Dalloway
No full textVirginia Woolf's novel, Mrs Dalloway, takes place in London in the 1920s and one of the characters, Septimus Warren Smith is suffering from trauma since taking part in the First World War. This paper will focus on how Virginia Woolf relates to and deals with war trauma in Mrs Dalloway. My aim is to examine what attitudes are revealed in the novel and to examine these from varying angles; Septimus himself, his wife, people in general and authorities such as physicians. Through Septimus Warren Smith and people around him the reader becomes acquainted with different aspects of war trauma and how it is looked upon in the novel. In this essay I argue that Woolf puts focus on and criticizes a society that was unprepared and malfunctioning considering understanding and being able to handle the issue of war trauma
A graded Schur lemma and a graded-monoidal structure for induced modules over graded-commutative algebras
No full textWe consider algebras and Frobenius algebras, internal to a monoidal category, that are graded over a finite abelian group. For the case that A is a twisted group algebra in a linear abelian monoidal category we obtain a graded generalization of the Schur Lemma for the category of induced A-modules. We further show that if the monoidal category is braided and A is commutative up to a bicharacter of the grading group, then the category of induced A-modules can be endowed with a graded-monoidal structure that is twisted by the bicharacter. In the particular case that the grading group is Z/2Z , these findings reproduce known results about superalgebras and super-monoidal structures
Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Mathematical Creativity and Giftedness (MCG 14) : Part of the Combined ECHA and igMCG Conference on Inclusion and Sustainability in Gifted Education
No full textThe Proceedings of the Fourteenth International Group for Mathematical Creativity and Giftedness (igMCG) Conference encapsulate the collaborative and scholarly efforts of researchers and practitioners in the field of mathematical giftedness. Held in Karlstad, Sweden, in partnership with the European Council for High Ability (ECHA), this joint conference allowed attendees to customize their experience by accessing sessions from both organizations. Four keynote speakers — Kirsi Tirri, Jan Kwietniewski, Jorryt van Bommel, and Tracy Reileym — shared diverse insights, with van Bommel’s full keynote included in the proceedings due to its specific focus on mathematicalgiftedness. The igMCG maintained its tradition of requiring full papers, distinguishing its contributions from ECHA’s abstract-based submissions. As a result, this volume includes only full texts from igMCG participants, in addition to keynote materials. The editorial team, led by Chair Elisabet Mellroth, expressed deep gratitude to contributors, reviewers, and organizing partners. Special thanks were given to Karlstad University, the City of Karlstad, Professor Valerie Margrain, and the Conference Department of Karlstad University for their crucial support. The editorial board’s dedicated work, along with the reviewers’ thoughtful assessments, ensured high academic standards and meaningful content. This conference introduced a new presentation type — short communications — widely used in Sweden, allowing presenters to share early-stage or design-focused research. In total, 41 submissions were received across various formats: 18 full papers, 13 short communications, 7 workshops, and 3 posters. All submissions underwent an open peer-review process, with feedback used to determine acceptance and guide revisions. Ultimately, 15 papers, 11 short communications, 7 workshops, and 4 posters were accepted, though some could not be included in the proceedings due to unforeseen global circumstances in 2025. The conference marked a milestone as the first igMCG conference hosted in Sweden and emphasized inclusivity, collaboration, and academic rigor in gifted education
Icke-farmakologiska interventioner för att minska preoperativ ångest : En litteraturstudie
No full textIntroduktion/Bakgrund: Inför operation känner många patienter oro för det okända och förlust av kontroll. Preoperativ ångest kan leda till onödigt lidande för patienten, både intra- och postoperativt vilket i sin tur kan leda till ökat läkemedelsintag, högre mortalitet och längre vårdtid med ökade vårdkostnader som följd. Icke-farmakologiska interventioner har fått ökad uppmärksamhet för att minska preoperativ ångest. Här besitter sjuksköterskan en central roll för att underlätta och optimera förutsättningar för patienten inför operation. Syfte: Att belysa sjuksköterskans icke-farmakologiska interventioner för att minska patientens preoperativa ångest. Metod: Litteraturstudie, induktiv ansats. Metod enligt Polit och Beck’s nio steg (2021). Databassökningar i CINAHL och MEDLINE. Kvalitetsgranskning enligt Polit och Beck’s granskningsmall (2021). Resultatet utgörs av 10 kvantitativa artiklar. Resultat: Resultaten av studierna visar att icke-farmakologiska interventioner kan vara effektivt för att minska preoperativ ångest. Resultaten tyder på att sjuksköterskans pedagogiska, personcentrerade, distraherande och aromaterapeutiska interventioner erbjuder alternativa sätt att hantera ångest inför operation. Resultatet tyder också på att icke-farmakologiska insatser preoperativt kan leda till intra- och postoperativa fördelar för patienten. Samtliga interventioner visade en statistiskt signifikant minskning av preoperativ ångest. Slutsats: Resultaten påvisar att det finns ett flertal icke-farmakologiska interventioner en sjuksköterska kan tillgå för att skapa en tryggare och säkrare vårdtid för den enskilde patienten, med en minskad risk för intra- och postoperativa komplikationer, kortare vårdtider och lägre vårdkostnader som en direkt följd. Att implementera detta i klinisk praxis antingen som ett alternativ eller komplement till farmakologisk behandling skulle därmed kunna förbättra den övergripande vårdupplevelsen för patienten.
Everybody Hurts? Reality-Based Entertainment and Mediated Suffering in Sweatshop : Deadly Fashion
No full textThis article explores how reality TV represents (distant) suffering, focusing on the first season of reality-based show Sweatshop: Deadly Fashion. Drawing from theories of media witnessing and mediated suffering, we analyze how reality TV negotiates working conditions in the global garment industry and reflects transnational power inequalities. Specifically, we critically dissect the multimodal strategies used to negotiate suffering and construct a story of transformation from privileged naivety to political mobilization. While acknowledging reality TV’s good intentions, the analysis reveals the common pattern of downplaying the role of systemic issues in perpetuating labor exploitation in the Global South. Additionally, results highlight the importance of context-dependent readings of complex cultural documents that carry political and ideological ambivalence, as well as entertaining dimensions
Implementing User-Focused Monitoring : A Multi-Case Process Study of User Involvement in Service Development
No full textUser-focused monitoring (UFM) is a method for fostering user involvement at organizational levels in the evaluation and quality development of mental health service and support programs. To enhance understanding of factors that promote or hinder the implementation of UFM, we have purposely sampled and followed five Swedish UFM projects through a case study approach, paying specific attention to key components for its sustainable implementation. We collected empirical data through interviews with involved actors during a start-up phase and shortly after the UFM projects ended, and examination of UFM reports. The acquired data were subjected to directed content analysis, guided by normalization process theory. The results highlight the importance of coherence in the goals and methodological procedures for promoting implementation of UFM projects, as well as activation of the engagement of both service users and staff in initial stages
Assessing prefrontal cortex activity in Graves' disease : a functional near-infrared spectroscopy study
No full textIntroduction: Graves' disease (GD) is associated with cognitive, emotional, and fatigue difficulties. Objective measures of cognitive dysfunction have yielded mixed results. The aim of this study was to investigated whether premenopausal female patients with first-time hyperthyroid GD (mean age 34 years) exhibit cognitive fatigability and altered functional activity in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) during an exhausting cognitive task. Methods: Using the Animal Stroop test, we compared patients with GD (N = 28) and healthy controls (N = 28) before and after a 30-min cognitively exhausting reading comprehension task. Results: Both groups showed improvements in Stroop task performance after the reading task (p < 0.001, eta p2 = 0.389), and no group differences were observed in cognitive performance. Increased activation in the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex post-test was found for controls but not for patients with GD. Exploratory analyses showed higher increases in oxy-hemoglobin levels post-test in the PFC of controls compared to patients with GD, indicating reduced PFC involvement in patients with GD. Discussion: In conclusion, we were not able to show any change in the functional activity of the PFC after prolonged mental activity in this set-up using fNIRS of hyperthyroid GD patients. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanism behind self-reported fatigue in GD
Audiovisual fiction and democracy : A systematic literature review
No full textPolarisation and an increased blending of politics and fiction in various media outlets makes audiovisual storytelling and politics increasingly intertwined. This article presents the first systematic literature review of what we know about the relationship between audiovisual fiction and democracy. We investigate how articles conceptualise 1)democracy and 2) the relationships between politics, fiction, and audiences. Wefind that most articles implicitly assume a taken-for-granted liberal representativedemocracy, rather than elaborate on particularities. Further, extant research tendsto find that fiction relates to democracy primarily by the way it may impact politicalopinions, attitudes, and behaviour under certain circumstances, or by contributing toconstructing identities and belongings that can either enhance or diminish democraticvalues. Finally, some research elaborates on how cross-media flows makes fictionalelements part of democracy movements