Publikationer från Högskolan i Skövde
Not a member yet
11110 research outputs found
Sort by
The role of investment beliefs and heuristics in corporate valuation
No full textPurpose The purpose of this study is to gain an understanding of the different cognitive processes of buy-side and sell-side financial analysts and their use of investment beliefs and heuristics to mitigate risk and uncertainty when analyzing companies. Design/methodology/approach A mixed methods approach and a thematic analysis have been conducted based on 20 semistructured interviews with both buy-side and sell-side financial analysts. Using a think-aloud technique, the respondents formulated their thoughts aloud when analyzing a company and rated the importance of different financial and nonfinancial key measures along with their preferred analysis approaches, source preferences and information usage. Findings Buy-side and sell-side financial analysts share similar investment beliefs. Both perceive the stock market as irrational and unpredictable. Both groups also focus on companies’ nonfinancial information such as business models, ownership structure and governance while they distrust sustainability rankings. Buy-side analysts emphasized unpredictability and the limitations of expertise. Sell-side analysts focused on controlling corporate risks rather than reflecting on the limitations of the investment process to consider the systematic and inherent market risks. These differences are suggested to be explained by differences in scope and expertise – buy-side analysts being generalists and sell-side being specialists. Originality/value The present study is among the few that compares sell-side and buy-side financial analysts’ valuation processes by using semistructured interviews and a think-aloud approach. It shows that buy-side analysts share a skepticism toward sell-side analysts’ judgments and recommendations, and especially the credibility and validity of Environmental, Social and Governance issues (ESG) rankings. The study also reveals differences in cognitive approaches to valuation of companies.CC BY 4.0April 30 2025Corresponding author: Magnus Jansson can be contacted at: [email protected] research was funded by Handelsbankens Research Funds, project P19-0183.</p
Eye-Guided Human-Robot Collaborative Assembly : A Feasibility Study
No full textCollaboration between robots and human workers constitutes an important part of the shift towards human-centric production processes. While collaborative robots have increased flexibility and enabled compact production environments, real-time intent recognition and joint actions in human-robot collaboration (HRC) continue to pose challenges, particularly in dynamic target selection and coordination. Conventional HRC systems rely on manual inputs or predefined gestures. This study explores the feasibility of gaze-based interaction as a natural and intuitive control mechanism for close-proximity HRC in dynamic industrial settings. The approach is demonstrated in the form of a prototype workstation for wire harness assembly on a car bumper, where the human and the robot collaborate in real time using eye gaze-based dynamic target selection and tight action coordination. The human eye gaze was recorded in real-time using eye-tracking glasses, and the forward-facing scene camera of the glasses matched it to upcoming assembly targets for the robot. The system was evaluated based on detection accuracy and response time. Results indicate that the human eye gaze can constitute a powerful cue for robotic target selection and action coordination in HRC-based assembly. The YOLOv8-based object detection model achieved average target recognition confidence above 60%, despite sensitivity to lighting variations and dataset composition. These findings support the viability of gaze-based robotic control in industrial assembly, demonstrating its potential to enhance operator ergonomics, streamline task execution, and improve overall system responsiveness in dynamic work environmentsFirst Online: 27 August 2025Copyright Information: IFIP International Federation for Information Processing 2026Hardcover ISBN 978-3-032-03514-1. Published: 24 August 2025Softcover ISBN 978-3-032-03517-2. Due: 07 September 2026eBook ISBN 978-3-032-03515-8. Published: 26 August 2025The authors would like to thank the project partners and participants of EWASS. The present work was financially supported by the Swedish innovation agency Vinnova through the research and innovation programme Produktion2030, grant #2022-01279: Empowering Human Workers for Assembly of Wire Harnesses (EWASS)EWASS - Empowering Human Workers for Assembly of Wire Harnesse
Imbalanced data oversampling through subspace optimization with Bayesian reinforcement
No full textMany real-world machine learning classification problems suffer from imbalanced training data, where the least frequent label has high relevance and significance for the end user, such as equipment breakdowns or various types of process anomalies. This imbalance can negatively impact the learning algorithm and lead to misclassification of minority labels, resulting in erroneous actions and potentially high unexpected costs. Most previous oversampling methods rely only on the minority samples, often ignoring their overall density and distribution in relation to the other classes. In addition, most of them lack in the oversampling method’s explainability. In contrast, this paper proposes a novel oversampling method that considers a subspace of the feature-set for the creation of synthetic minority samples using nonlinear optimization of a class-sensitive objective function. Suitable subspaces for oversampling are identified through a Bayesian reinforcement strategy based on Dirichlet smoothing, which may be useful for explainable-AI. An empirical comparison of the proposed method is performed with 10 existing techniques on 18 real-world datasets using two traditional machine learning classifiers and four evaluation metrics. Statistical analysis of cross-validated runs over the 18 datasets and four metrics (i.e. 72 experiments) reveals that the proposed approach is among the best performing methods in 6 and 2 instances when using random forest classifier and support vector machine classifier, thus placing it at the top. The study also reveals that some feature combinations are more important than others for minority oversampling, and the proposed approach offers a way to identify such features.CC BY 4.0Published online: 10 November 2025Mahesh Kumbhar, [email protected] authors acknowledge the financial support received from KK-stiftelsen (The Knowledge Foundation, Stockholm, Sweden) and VINNOVA (Sweden Innovation Agency, Stockholm, Sweden) for the research projects ‘TOPAZ - Towards Prescriptive Analytics in Virtual Factories through Structured Data Mining and Optimization’ under grant 20200011 and ‘Integrated Manufacturing Analytics Platform for Predictive Maintenance with IoT’ under grant 2021-02537. Open access funding provided by University of Skövde.TOPAZ - Towards Prescriptive Analytics in Virtual Factories through Structured Data Mining and OptimizationIntegrated Manufacturing Analytics Platform for Predictive Maintenance with Io
Carbon tax, renewable portfolio Standards, or both? : Evaluating policy effectiveness in promoting renewable energy and reducing emissions
No full textThe transition to a low-carbon economy is a critical global challenge. However, the relative effectiveness of renewable portfolio standards (RPS) and carbon tax policies, particularly their potential synergistic effects, remains insufficiently understood. Clarifying this relationship is essential for designing effective policies that enhance renewable energy investment and reduce carbon emissions. We develop an optimization framework in which a monopolistic electricity supplier in China invests in a hybrid energy system of conventional and renewable power. We compare profit-maximizing strategies under four policy scenarios: no policy, a carbon tax, an RPS, and a mixed policy (carbon tax + RPS). The analysis examines how these policies shape production and pricing decisions, investment, emissions, consumer surplus, and social welfare. Three main findings emerge. First, both carbon tax and RPS policies significantly encourage renewable energy investment and reduce carbon emissions. Second, mixed policies consistently outperform single policies, demonstrating the highest potential for renewable energy development and carbon emission reduction. Third, social welfare effects under mixed policies vary depending on the carbon tax and renewable energy quota level, with the highest social welfare achieved under low and medium quotas. Importantly, renewable intermittency does not alter the relative ranking of policies, though consumer environmental awareness shifts investment thresholds. Based on these findings, three recommendations emerge: integrating carbon tax with RPS accelerates renewable deployment, phased emission reduction balances neutrality targets with electricity demand, and incentives linking green electricity with consumer awareness strengthen adoption. These results provide actionable policy guidance for China and offer broader insights for economies pursuing a sustainable low-carbon transition.CC BY 4.0© The Author(s) 2026Published: 19 January 2026Correspondence Address: Y. Cheng; Department of Materials and Production, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Fibigerstræde 16, 9220, Denmark; email: [email protected]; CODEN: EDSNBOpen access funding provided by Aalborg University</p
Digital health competence among healthcare professionals : A cross-sectional cluster analysis across 19 countries and regions
No full textBackground: The worldwide acceleration of digital transformation in healthcare underscores the need for professionals to continuously adapt and sustain robust digital health competence, shaped not only by individual characteristics and institutional environments but also by broader social, cultural, and geopolitical factors. Objective: This study aimed to identify distinct clusters of digital health competence among healthcare professionals across 19 diverse countries and regions, and to examine the factors influencing the development and distribution of these competence clusters. Methods: A cross-sectional international survey study was conducted between 2023 and 2024, using a validated survey instrument measuring digital health competence and its influencing factors. Data were collected from healthcare professionals in 19 countries and regions (n = 6440; n = 5945 used for this study), following a harmonised protocol with shared demographic templates and instruments. K-means cluster analysis was employed to derive digital competence profiles, with comparative analyses conducted to investigate associations between the identified clusters and individual characteristics (e.g., age, education, professional experience). Results: Five distinct clusters of digital health competence were identified: (1) Beginners, (2) Developing Professionals, (3) Emerging Users, (4) Proficient Practitioners, and (5) Pioneers. Higher competence clusters (4 and 5) were associated with younger age, higher education, hospital-based work, and stronger perceived support from management, organisational structures, and colleagues. In contrast, lower-performing clusters reported limited digital engagement and minimal support. Perceived leadership influence, particularly managerial commitment to digital change, was a key differentiator across clusters. Conclusions: The findings demonstrate substantial variation in digital health competence across healthcare professionals internationally. Cluster-specific strategies, such as targeted upskilling, peer mentoring, and leadership engagement, are needed to address competence gaps. The results provide a foundation for policy development and workforce training frameworks aimed at strengthening digital readiness in global healthcare systems. Future research should explore longitudinal competence development and evaluate targeted interventions.CC BY 4.0© 2026 The AuthorsReceived 18 September 2025, Revised 15 January 2026, Accepted 16 January 2026, Available online 21 January 2026, Version of Record 31 January 2026.Correspondence Address: K. Mikkonen; Research Unit of Health Sciences and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; email: [email protected]; CODEN: IJNUANo funding source.</p
Time-snaking facilitated debriefings about energy system futures – A megagame case study
No full textParticipation in a Megagame and a consecutive facilitated debriefing can enable large groups to co-construct awareness and knowledge about the complex relations involved in developing sustainable futures for current societies. “Switching the current” is a megagame where 20 to 100 participants collaboratively experience the challenges involved in shaping future energy consumption patterns and energy production solutions for their region, just and sustainable from a social, economic and environmental perspective. This paper explores how collective discussions can be visualized to better understand how in-game experiences are connected to real-world phenomena. Doing so, a time-snake method has been developed which visually depicts how reflective group discussions move between “game content” and “real world phenomena”, as well as between “attention to details” and “a broad systems perspective”. The comprehensive analysis and comparison of two debriefing sessions shows how participating in a Megagame can develop awareness and understanding of complex relations in shaping sustainable futures of societal energy systems. It also demonstrates how applying time-snake visualizations can help to evaluate the richness of the reflective co-construction that occurs in facilitated debriefings. © 2025 The Authors.CC BY 4.0June 2026Corresponding author: B. Johansson, Department of Computer and Information Science, Linköping, 581 83, Sweden. Email address: [email protected] authors would like to thank the Swedish Energy Agency (grant number 2020-024506) for supporting this study.</p
Smartphone use and loneliness in life transitions : A biopsychosocial perspective
No full textMajor life transitions, such as entering the workforce or retirement, often disrupt social ties and increase the risk of involuntary loneliness and social isolation. Smartphone use as a coping strategy during these periods is complex, but particularly relevant for young and older adults, who are especially vulnerable. While smartphones can facilitate social connection, they also carry a substantial risk of problematic use, which has been linked to reduced offline interaction, anxiety, and depression. Clear age-related patterns emerge: young adults more often rely on impulsivity-driven coping (e.g., disordered eating or substance misuse), whereas in older adults, digital engagement more frequently intersects with health-related vulnerabilities, including sleep disturbances, cognitive decline, and gut–brain interactions. Developing a comprehensive biopsychosocial model that integrates biological (e.g., gut microbiota diversity and metabolic markers), psychological (e.g., stress and emotion regulation), and social (e.g., relationships and daily routines) levels of analysis would help distinguish protective from risky digital use. Such an approach could also enable earlier identification of at-risk individuals and support the development of tailored, age-sensitive prevention and intervention strategies during major life transitions.CC BY 4.0Short communicationFirst published online February 17, 2026Corresponding author: Gianluca Tognon, University of Skövde, School of Health Sciences, Högskolevägen 1, Skövde, 541 28, Sweden. E-mail: [email protected] authors received no financial support for the research, authorship and/or publication of this article.</p
Knowing Me, Knowing You : Bridging Perspectives through Age Suit Simulation Intervention in Nursing Education
No full textBackground: The ongoing shift in healthcare from hospital settings to care in the home reflected in the Good and Close Care reform indicates that newly graduated nurses will increasingly provide care for older persons in their own homes. Person-centred care, which underpins this integrated reform, depends on understanding the patient as a person by adopting their perspective. However, sustaining such care within a highly specialised health system remains challenging. Nursing students may feel unprepared for, and lack motivation to engage in, the care of older persons. In addition, age-related stereotypes within society and among care providers present further barriers. These challenges highlight the need for didactic strategies that strengthen students’ knowledge of person-centred care for older persons. Age-suit simulation, which promotes perspective-taking by allowing participants to ‘walk in an older person’s shoes’, has been shown to enhance empathy and improve attitudes. However, previous research has made limited use of age suits and has rarely simulated the oldest age group (85+). Moreover, earlier studies have often overlooked realistic home environments and have lacked both longitudinal evaluation and a clear theoretical foundation. Aim: The overall aim of this thesis was to study nursing students’ experiences of an age-suit simulation intervention grounded in experiential learning within a home environment. Method: The four studies employed different research designs. Studies I and IV were quantitative. Study I used a quasi-experimental pre-test–post-test design with a control group, while Study IV adopted a longitudinal design. Differences between groups were analysed using the Mann–Whitney U-test, and multiple regression analysis was applied to examine effects over time. Studies II and III adopted qualitative, inductive designs. Study II was based on group interviews conducted during reflection seminars and employed reflexive thematic analysis. Study III was an observational study in which the data were also analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Results: Participation in the age-suit simulation had a significant effect on increasing scores on the Perspectives on Caring for Older Patients-Short Form (PCOP-SF) both immediately after the simulation and throughout the remainder of the nursing programme. This indicates that the intervention enhanced students’ favourable perspectives towards caring for older persons. Female sex and a greater number of years of prior work experience were also associated with reporting more favourable perspectives, as measured using the PCOP-SF. Students reported that the age-suit simulation increased their awareness of the vulnerability and loneliness that older persons may experience when living with various impairments. The embodied experience of the physical, psychological, and social impacts of ageing served as an important reference point in students’ post-simulation reflections. As highlighted in the findings, students’ new insights and understandings were often related to key concepts of person-centred care, such as preserving dignity and autonomy by being patient, allowing sufficient time in care situations, and getting to know and focusing on what matters to the person. The home environment, including the use of welfare technology, was described by students as presenting both potential risks—such as fall hazards or technology that is not suited to the individual—and opportunities, as an accessible home could alleviate some of the challenges associated with living with impairments. A prominent finding concerned the impact of impaired vision, which was explored further when students simulated the roles of a blind person and an attendant. During these simulations, two distinct approaches to collaboration were observed: students either adapted to one another’s limitations or became distant from each other. In both approaches, a key influencing factor was students’ ability and motivation to establish and maintain effective verbal and non-verbal communication. Conclusions: This thesis revealed that students who participated in the age-suit simulation held more favourable attitudes towards caring for older persons compared to those who did not participate. The findings support the timing of the intervention in the second year of a three-year programme. In this study, the age suit was employed as a geriatric suit, which may account for the immersive and challenging nature of the experience. The results also provide support for using experiential learning theory as a framework for age-suit simulation, as the outcomes align with the concepts of the learning cycle. In particular, students perceived the simulation as an extraordinary experience that prompted reflection and critical thinking, leading to new insights and understanding. As demonstrated in the findings and discussed in this thesis, the age-suit simulation particularly drew students’ attention to a heightened sense of vulnerability, including experiences of isolation and loneliness. Another perspective on vulnerability emerged from dependence on a healthcare system in which personhood is often overlooked. Students further reported that the simulation influenced their anticipated clinical practice. In particular, the importance of being patient, allowing sufficient time, and being fully present was highlighted as a key takeaway from the simulation, essential for preserving dignity and autonomy when caring for older persons.Bakgrund: God och nära vård innebär ett nytt perspektiv - att ställa om från organisation till person. Målet är att ge en nära, samordnad och personcentrerad vård som bidrar till en helhetssyn på människan vilket är särskilt gynnsamt för hälsan bland äldre personer som kan leva med flertalet olika och långvariga hälsoproblem vilket leder till komplexa vårdbehov. Förskjutningen av ansvar mot primär och kommunal vård innebär också att framtidens sjuksköterskor i större utsträckningen kommer att möta och vårda äldre personer i hemmet. Det finns dock utmaningar i att sjuksköterskestudenter kan känna sig oförberedda och omotiverade att vårda äldre personer. Vidare är ålderism ett problem som inte bara genomsyrar samhället men även hälso-och sjukvården och blivande sjuksköterskor. Det är därför viktigt att möta dessa utmaningar redan i sjuksköterskeutbildningen genom att utveckla nya didaktiska strategier så som simuleringen i äldredräkt. Denna simulering bygger på att studenten skiftar perspektiv och får en glimt av hur det kan vara att som en äldre person leva med olika åldersrelaterade hälsoproblem, viket i tidigare forskning visat sig kan stärka studentens empati och förståelse. Dock saknar tidigare studier kontexten av en hemlik miljö, teoretisk grund samt långvariga effekter av simulering i äldredräkt. Vidare har äldredräktens funktion ofta begränsats till att simulera det normala åldrandet och därmed inte inkluderat hälsoproblem som är vanligt bland personer över 85 år. Syfte: Det övergripande syftet i denna avhandling var att studera sjuksköterskestudenters erfarenheter av en intervention med simulering i äldredräkt baserad på erfarenhetsbaserat lärande i en hemlik miljö. Metod: Avhandlingens fyra studier omfattar olika design. I studie I tillämpades kvantitativ metod med en pretest-posttest design och en kontrollgrupp. Studie IV var också kvantitativ och inkluderade en kontrollgrupp i en longitudinell design. Skillnader mellan grupper analyserades genom Mann Whitney- U test. Multipel regressionsanalys tillämpades för att observera effekten över tid. Studie II baserades på gruppintervjuer från reflektionsseminarium och analyserades genom reflexiv tematisk analys. Studie III var en observationsstudie där video-data analyserades genom reflexiv tematisk analys. Resultat: Studenter som deltog i interventionen förbättrande sina resultat i utfallsmåttet Perspectives on Caring for Older Patients - PCOP-SF både på kort och lång sikt, jämfört med kontrollgruppen. Att vara kvinna, äldre och ha mer än två års yrkeserfarenhet var signifikanta faktorer som var förenade med mer gynnsamma perspektiv på att vårda äldre personer. Simuleringen äldredräkten innebar ett förkroppsligat lärande som infattande både fysiska, psykologiska och sociala dimensioner av att leva med olika hälsoproblem och funktionsnedsättning. Resultaten visar att denna erfarenhet var en viktig utgångspunkt i studenters reflektioner som ökade deras insikt och förståelse för den utsatthet och ensamhet en äldre person kan uppleva i sin vardag. Studenterna beskrev att simuleringen även ökat deras fördjupning och förståelse av personcentrering i och med att vara närvarande, lära känna och ta sin tid med den äldre personen, bevara integritet och autonomi. Dessa var viktiga aspekter stundetern såg sig kunna integrera i klinisk praxis. Resultatet visar även att studenterna fick ett nytt perspektiv på hemmet som vårdmiljö där välfärdsteknologi sågs både som en möjlighet för personcentrering men även en fara för integritet och autonomi tekniken inte var anpassad efter individuella behov. Ett viktigt resultat var stundernas känsla av nedsatt syn som det värsta bland alla hälsoproblem. Synnedsättning studerades mer specifikt i sammanhanget av att vara en blind äldre person och att vara en äldre person som ledsagar den blinda. Resultatet visar att studenterna tog sig an dessa roller på två helt skilda sätt av att antingen samarbeta och arbeta tillsammans eller att fokusera på de egna behoven och bli allt mer distanserande från varandra. En avgörande aspekt i denna simuleringen och vilka roller som studenterna antog observerades som deras förmåga till verbal och icke verbal förmåga att kommunicera med varandra. Konklusion: Denna avhandling visar på att stundeter som genomgått simulering i äldredräkt har mer gynnsamma perspektiv på att vårda äldre personer än stundeter som inte genomförde simuleringen. Avhandlingen ger även stöd för att andra året i sjuksköterskeprogrammet är en relevant tidpunkt att genomföra interventionen. Som denna avhandling visar användes äldredräkten som en geriatrisk äldredräkt vilket kan förklara att simuleringen blev särskilt uppslukande och utmanande för studenterna. Resultaten ger stöd för att simulering i äldredräkt lämpar sig att genomföra som en didaktisk strategi baserat på erfarenhetsbaserat lärande. Mer specifikt, upplevelsen i interventionen är förenligt lär-cykelns extraordinära upplevelse som en förutsättning för att fördjupa lärandet genom reflektion och tanke. Som påvisats i resultat och genom diskussion in denna avhandling, förefaller simulering i äldredräkt specifikt göra studenterna uppmärksamma på utsatthet vilket inkluderade olika perspektiv på ensamhet. Ett av dessa perspektiv var utsatthet i förhållande till ett hälso- och sjukvårdsystem som saknar personcentrering. Simuleringen hade även implikationer för studenternas fortsatta kliniska verksamhet, mer specifikt att vara närvarande, tålmodig och ta sin tid sågs som särskilt viktigt för att bevara värdighet och autonomi hos den äldre personen.Två av fyra delarbeten (övriga se rubriken Delarbeten/List of papers):Study III Bouwmeester Stjernetun, B., Hallgren, J., Odzakovic, E., & Gillsjö, C. Pull through together or be detached? A qualitative study of experiential learning in nurse education during interaction in age suit simulation. SubmittedStudy IV Bouwmeester Stjernetun, B., Gillsjö, C., Odzakovic., E & Hallgren, J. The sustainability of age suit intervention among nursing students – a longitudinal cohort study. In manuscript</p
Dog-related injuries requiring medical attention in Skaraborg district, Sweden
No full textAim: The aim of this study was to identify factors associated with dog-related injuries by analysing data collected from 5908 patients seeking treatment at healthcare facilities in Skaraborg district, Sweden, over the years 2001–2016. Methods: To describe factors associated with dog-related injuries, we analysed variables from four categories: people, that is, characteristics (gender and ages) of the patients who were injured; the circumstances in which the injuries occurred; the causes and types of injuries caused by dogs (injury mechanisms); and whether the injuries resulted in hospitalisation. Results: Most injuries occurred in residential settings (58%). Half of the reported injuries (n=2954) were due to dog bites, with the same number of patients who were injured in non-bite-related events, comprising a second group. Injury mechanisms for dog-related injuries other than bites varied, as did locations where the various injuries occurred. However, slightly more than half of all non-bite-related injuries were caused by falls, especially falls on the same level involving slips and trips (n= 831, 55.3% of all fall-related injuries). Dog bites were the primary injury cause for younger groups, while non-bite injuries were the leading injury cause for adults aged 45 years and older. Conclusions: The study showed that men and younger age groups were more likely to be injured via dog bites, while older women were more likely to be injured by tripping or falling over dogs. These findings imply that separate injury prevention strategies are required to address the different factors associated with both injury types.CC BY 4.0© Author(s)First published online January 12, 2026Correspondence Address: S. Sarenbo; Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Department of Biology and Environment, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Pedalstråket 13, 392 31, Sweden; email: [email protected]; CODEN: SJPHAThe authors received no financial support for the research, authorship, and/or publication of this article.</p
Can the Care Need Index Identify Healthcare Centres With Higher Proportions of Children at Risk?
No full textAims: To examine the association between the widely used social deprivation index, the Child Adjusted Care Need Index, and healthcare centres with a higher proportion of children with specific health risk factors monitored within the Swedish Child Health Services. Methods: Data on health outcomes and index scores were obtained from the Swedish Child Health Services Register and grouped by healthcare centre. Multiple linear regression analyses were conducted to assess the relationship between index scores and various health outcomes. Results: The index partly explained the variation in the proportion of children exposed to second-hand smoke and those who failed language screening. However, associations between the index and the proportions of overweight, obese or non-breastfed children were weak. Conclusions: The Child Adjusted Care Need Index may be useful in identifying centres with higher proportions of children at risk for second-hand smoke exposure and failures in language screening. However, it appears less effective in identifying centres with higher proportions of children at risk for overweight, obesity or not being breastfed. This calls for further research on the Child Adjusted Care Need Index and other sociodemographic factors that affect children's health in order to improve resource allocation, guided by the principles of proportionate universalism.CC BY-NC-ND 4.0First published: 22 October 2025Correspondence: Mattias Wennergren ([email protected])Received: 23 May 2025 | Revised: 26 September 2025 | Accepted: 7 October 2025Funding: This work was supported by the Local Research and Development Council, Gothenburg and Södra Bohuslän (VGFOUGSB-976615).</p