Publikationer från Högskolan i Gävle
Not a member yet
18512 research outputs found
Sort by
Kapten, kollega eller kollektiv? : En studie om ledarskapets sociala logik mellan identitet och ledarskap
No full textSAMMANFATTNING Titel: Kapten, kollega eller kollektiv? En studie om ledarskapets sociala logik mellan identitet och delaktighet. Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Tilde Ahlén & Filippa Mörk Handledare: Monika Wallmon Datum: Januari 2026 Syfte: Ledarskap i moderna organisationer förväntas fungera i både kollektiva och mer självständiga miljöer. Syftet med studien är att analysera hur ledarskap praktiseras och legitimeras i organisationer med olika grad av kollektivt samspel samt hur detta påverkar upplevd prestation. Studien besvarar forskningsfrågan: hur påverkar graden av kollektivt beroende samspelet mellan identitetsbaserad legitimitet och fördelning av ledarskap? Metod: Studien har en deduktiv kvalitativ ansats och genomfördes som en komparativ intervjuguide. Empirin består av tio semistrukturerade djupintervjuer med idrottare och tränare inom fotboll och golf. Materialet analyserades tematiskt med stöd av teorierna Social Identity Leadership och Shared Leadership. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar att ledarskapets form påverkas av prestationens karaktär. I fotboll möjliggör en stark identitet delat ledarskap med tydlig ansvarsfördelning. I golf organiseras ledarskapet som ett stödjande nätverk kring individen, där självledarskap är centralt. Otydliga ledarskapsstrukturer kan i båda kontexterna påverka trygghet och prestation negativt. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien bidrar med kunskap om hur ledarskap behöver anpassas efter graden av kollektivt samspel och visar hur Social Identity Leadership och Shared Leadership samverkar beroende på organisatorisk kontext. Resultaten är relevanta för både idrottsorganisationer och arbetslivets team- och individbaserade miljöer. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vidare forskning kan undersöka fler idrotter och organisatoriska sammanhang samt hur ledarskap förändras över tid. Nyckelord: Ledarskap, Social Identity Leadership, Shared Leadership, Idrott, prestation, organisation ABSTRACT Title: Captain, Colleague or Collective? A Study of the Social Logic of Leadership Between Identity and Participation Level: Bachelor's thesis in Business Administration Author: Tilde Ahlén & Filippa Mörk Supervisor: Monika Wallmon Date: January 2026 Aim: Leadership in modern organizations is expected to function in both collective and more autonomous environments. The purpose of this study is to analyse how leadership is practised and legitimized in organizations with varying degrees of collective interdependence, and how this affects perceived performance. The study addresses the research question: how does the degree of collective independence influence the interaction between identity-based legitimacy and the distribution of leadership? Method: The study adopts a deductive qualitative approach and was conducted as a comparative interview study. The empirical material consists of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with athletes and coaches in football and golf. The data were analyzed thematically using Social Identity Leadership and Shared Leadership as theoretical frameworks. Results and conclusions: The results show that the form of leadership is influenced by the performance. In football, a strong shared identity enables distributed leadership with clear responsibility. In golf, leadership is instead organised as a supportive network around the individual, where self-leadership plays a central role. Unclear leadership structure may negatively affect both psychological safety and performance in both contexts. Contribution of the thesis: The study contributes to how leadership needs to be adapted to the degree of collective interdependence and demonstrates that Social Identity Leadership and Shared Leadership interact differently depending on organizational context. The findings are relevant for both sports organizations and team- and individual-based environments. Suggestions for future research: Future research may include additional sports and organizational settings, as well as examine how leadership is formed and develops over time. Keywords: Leadership, Social Identity Leadership, Shared Leadership, sport, performance, organization
An experimental study of indoor scalar diffusion to simulate occupant exhalation-derived bio-effluents.
No full textTo quantitatively assess the effectiveness of ventilation in controlling contamination, ventilation efficiency indices such as air exchange efficiency and contaminant removal efficiency are commonly used. Since indoor airflow plays a significant role in the dispersion of contaminants or scalars within a space, it is necessary to assess contaminant dispersion more comprehensively. In this context, tracer gas measurements were conducted using a device capable of determining the volume-averaged scalar concentration within a local domain. By applying this device within the breathing zone, we quantified the exposure risk from the source/infective agent to the receptor/susceptible individuals in the experimental setup. The measurements were performed in a climate chamber with thermal manikins under two types of ventilation systems: displacement and mixing ventilation (DV and MV). The results revealed that contaminant dispersion within indoor spaces varied significantly depending on the airflow patterns formed by the ventilation systems, with DV systems more effectively suppressing contaminant dispersion compared to MV systems. In conclusion, when designing an HVAC (Heating, Ventilating, Air Conditioning) system, it is important to account for this heterogeneity to ensure effective implementation
Is there a link between per capita alcohol consumption and cancer mortality?
No full textIntroduction A growing body of evidence has established alcohol consumption as a causative factor in an increasing array of cancer types, thereby positioning it as a leading global risk factor for cancer. Surprisingly, there is a scarcity of studies examining the extent to which shifts in population drinking affect cancer mortality, despite the substantial public health implications. This paper aims to: (i) estimate the impact of changes in per capita alcohol consumption on both overall cancer mortality rates and specific types of alcohol-related cancer; and (ii) assess whether the association between cancer and population alcohol consumption is influenced by a country's drinking patterns. Methods We used time-series data for 19 high-income countries spanning the period 1960–2018. Cigarette sales and GDP per capita were included as control variables. The data were analysed using first-difference modelling. The World Health Organization drinking patterns score was used to evaluate a country's drinking pattern. Results Our findings revealed that a 1 L per capita increase in alcohol consumption was associated with a 0.9% rise in total cancer mortality among women and a 1.1% increase among men. Notably, among men, the association was more pronounced for cancers with strong evidence of alcohol's effect and for prostate cancer. For women, the alcohol effect was statistically significant for breast cancer. Generally, the estimated alcohol effects were elevated in the country group with more harmful drinking patterns.Discussion and ConclusionsOur results indicate that lowering per capita alcohol consumption is likely to reduce cancer mortality
Monitoring the Dynamic Networks of Stock Returns with an Application to the Swedish Stock Market
No full textIn this paper, two approaches for measuring the distance between stock returns and the network connectedness are presented that are based on the Pearson correlation coefficient dissimilarity and the generalized variance decomposition dissimilarity. Using these two procedures, the center of the network is determined. Also, hierarchical clustering methods are used to divide the dense networks into sparse trees, which provide us with information about how the companies of a financial market are related to each other. We implement the derived theoretical results to study the dynamic connectedness between the companies in the Swedish capital market by considering 28 companies included in the determination of the market index OMX30. The network structure of the market is constructed using different methods to determine the distance between the companies. We use hierarchical clustering methods to find the relation among the companies in each window. Next, we obtain a one-dimensional time series of the distances between the clustering trees that reflect the changes in the relationship between the companies in the market over time. The method from statistical process control, namely the Shewhart control chart, is applied to those time series to detect abnormal changes in the financial market
Perceived Safety and Fear of Crime of Visitors in a Shopping Mall in Karachi, Pakistan
No full textThis study examines the environment of one of the largest and most recently built shopping mall in Karachi, Pakistan. The aim of this study is to assess how building design, familiarity with the mall, and past experiences of victimization influence visitors’ perceived safety. Using site inspections guided by crime prevention through environmental design (CPTED) principles and an online survey, the study identifies factors affecting visitors’ perceived safety. Findings indicate that enhancing surveillance, territoriality, and access control in well-designed and maintained spaces can impact levels of perceived safety. These findings underscore the importance of surveys, in combination with site inspections, in providing a comprehensive tool for understanding and improving safety in commercial complexes
Screening accuracy and developmental language disorder remain stable between 2.5 and 3 years
No full textAim This study re-evaluated the classification accuracy of language screening. This is because the new Swedish child health programme moved this screening from 3 to 2.5 years of age. Another aim was to investigate the stability of diagnoses between these two time points. Methods Children were recruited consecutively during 2016–2017 from three Child Health Services in Gävle, Sweden. Forty-eight monolingual children (31 boys) and 93 bilingual children (38 boys) underwent language screening and a clinical examination by a speech and language pathologist at 2.5 years of age. They were re-examined after 6 months (at 36–38 months) for clinical diagnosis. Results Of the 48 monolingual children, 45 retained their status at both 2.5 and 3 years of age, while three no longer met the criteria for development language disorder. Among the 93 bilingual children, 87 retained their 2.5-year status at age 3, two no longer met the criteria, and four new cases were diagnosed. These differences were not statistically significant. All changes in screening parameters between 2.5 and 3 years were within the 95% Confidence Interval, indicating stable classification. Conclusion Screening accuracy and language status were robust between 2.5 and 3 years, providing no support for a wait-and-see approach
Anchored in the eye of the storm: a qualitative study of resilient performance during the COVID-19 pandemic in Sweden in the context of the emergency department
No full textObjectives This study aimed to explore how emergency department (ED) organisations and clinicians adapted to altered prerequisites during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic, the processes involved and the consequences. In addition, we examined how the ordinary state affected resilient performance during this period. Design This qualitative study involved inductive thematic analysis of semi-structured interviews and narratives.Setting Three hospital-based EDs, one county and two rural hospitals, located in two Swedish regions were studied. Participants A total of 12 participants, 80% of whom were women, were recruited. The participants included two physicians, three registered nurses, three assistant nurses and four nursing managers working at the three EDs before and during the first pandemic wave. Results The overarching theme ‘anchored in the eye of the storm’ emerged. This theme suggests that resilient performance during the pandemic was facilitated by ordinary adaptive capacity in the ED. A thematic map and seven main themes with a total of 25 subthemes explain the process. The ordinary state of conditions in the ED was challenged with the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic. Altered prerequisites were perceived partly as a new reality in addition to business as usual. The adaptations included organise to regain control and developing new strategies to manage the situation, mainly by initiatives among clinicians. The consequences included perceived strain and frustration and partially impacted quality of care. However, an increased sense of cohesion among clinicians and enhanced knowledge were also noted. Conclusion During the pandemic, a partially new reality was experienced, although work also continued largely as business as usual based on experiences of crowding, established preparedness plans and ordinary adaptive capacity. Despite dealing with a previously unknown patient group, the experience of working with critically ill patients and establishing structured work processes proved advantageous and facilitated resilient performance
The diminishing spaces for collegial work
No full textIn this conceptual paper, we discuss how collegiality as a governing form in contemporary universities is challenged in its ability to influence organizational control over—and responsibility for—teaching and research. In particular, we examine how contemporary organizational conditions, beyond mere formal structures, might limit the space within which collegiality remains relevant, and how these conditions undermine the very academic practices it aims to serve. We suggest two different processes of ‘decollegialization’ of higher education and research that, as we see them, jointly redefine collegiality as a governing form: colonization and adulteration
Eskatologisk litteraturstudie : En deskriptiv jämförande analys av eskatologiska föreställningar inom de abrahamitiska religionerna
No full textDenna studie genomför en jämförande analys av eskatologi inom judendom, kristendom och islam, med fokus på både likheter och skillnader i deras eskatologiska föreställningar. Syftet med studien var att utforska hur dessa tre abrahamitiska religioner tolkar eskatologi med betoning på gemensamma teman och unika föreställningar inom varje religion. Vi använde deskriptiv och jämförande metod, då dessa var bäst lämpade för att systematiskt analysera de eskatologiska perspektiven inom varje religion baserat på verken från specifika teologer: Harry Alan Hahne för judendom, Philip Geister för kristendom och Jean-Pierre Filiu för islam. Resultaten visar att även om det finns flera gemensamma eskatologiska föreställningar, exempelvis tron på en sista dom och de dödas uppståndelse, det finns också betydande skillnader. Till exempel lägger kristendomen stort fokus på Jesu återkomst, medan islam ger mer detaljerade beskrivningar av händelserna som leder fram till domedagen. Sammanfattningsvis belyser denna studie både de överlappande och distinkta eskatologiska föreställningarna inom de abrahamitiska religionerna, med en rekommendation om vidare forskning för att utforska dessa teman i större djup och från ytterligare perspektiv.This study conducts a comparative analysis of eschatology within Judaism, Christianity, and Islam, focusing on both similarities and differences in their eschatological beliefs. The aim of the study was to explore how these three Abrahamic religions interpret eschatology, emphasizing shared themes and unique elements across each tradition. We utilized descriptive and comparative method, as these were best suited for systematically analyzing the eschatological perspectives of each religion based on the works of specific theologians: Harry Alan Hahne for Judaism, Philip Geister for Christianity, and Jean-Pierre Filiu for Islam. The findings reveal that while there are several common eschatological themes, such as the belief in a final judgment and the resurrection of the dead, there are also significant differences. For example, Christianity places a strong emphasis on the second coming of Jesus, while Islam provides more detailed descriptions of the events leading up to the Day of Judgment. In conclusion, this study highlights both the overlapping and distinctive eschatological views in the Abrahamic religions, with a recommendation for further research to explore these themes in greater depth and from additional perspectives.
Covid-19 Inverkan På Ekonomistyrning : En analys av formella styrmedel i ett kommunalt fastighetsbolag efter en extern kris
No full textSyfte: Syftet med studien är att undersöka och skapa en djupare förståelse för hur ett kommunalt fastighetsbolag har genomfört förändringar i sina formella styrmedel efter covid-19 krisen. Samt vilka erfarenheter de tagit med sig inom sin ekonomistyrning. Metod: Studien har sin utgångspunkt i kvalitativ metod och en abduktiv forskningsansats. Datamaterial har samlats in genom en fallstudie bestående av tio semistrukturerade intervjuer med anställda inom olika befattningar i företaget. Studien utfördes med hjälp av en tematisk analys och materialet analyserades med hjälp av transkribering och kodning. Resultat och slutsats: Resultatet visar på att det skett en konkret förändring inom styrmedlet kalkylering som utgjordes av en större kostnadspost. Det framkommer även att företagets etablerade arbetsprocess som innefattar strukturerade rutiner och att förmedla information om ekonomistyrningen till samtliga, är effektiva. Utöver det har företaget utvecklat sina rapporteringsprocesser genom digitala möten för att effektivisera verksamheten och anpassa sig till de marknadsförändringar som covid-19 medfört. Examensarbetets bidrag: Vårt arbete uppvisar empiriska bevis på arbets- och rapporteringsprocesser samt verktyg inom ekonomistyrning efter en extern kris. Studien inkluderar medarbetare med olika ansvarsområden inom företaget vilket ger flera perspektiv och insikter om ämnet. Arbetet bidrar på det sättet till en djupare förståelse till hur företaget har förändrat och förbättrat ekonomistyrningen i en postcovid miljö. Förslag till fortsatt forskning: Vidare forskning kan utföra en liknade fallstudie på ett privatägt fastighetsbolag. Ett annat förslag är att djupgående undersöka hur företag utformar sina arbets- och rapporteringsprocesser och vilken roll dessa spelar i en instabil marknad. Detta skulle bidra till ett nyanserat perspektiv på styrning efter en kris. Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate and establish a deeper understanding of how a municipal real estate company has changed its formal control systems after the covid-19 crisis. The study also aims to explore what experiences the company has taken with it after the crisis in their financial management. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method and an abductive approach. Data material has been collected through a case study consisting of ten semi-structured interviews with employees in various positions in the company. The study was conducted using thematic analysis, and the material was analyzed through transcription and coding. Results and conclusion: The study shows that there has been one change in the formal control system calculation which involved a larger cost item. It also emerges that the company´s established work processes, which include structured routines and ensuring that information about financial management reaches all employees, are effective. Additionally, the company has developed its reporting process through digital meetings to optimize the business and adapt to the market changes caused by covid-19. Contribution of the thesis: Our work presents empirical evidence of work and reporting processes as well as tools in financial management after an external crisis. The study includes various positions within the company, providing multiple perspectives and insights into the subject. This way, the work contributes to a deeper understanding of how the company have changed and improved its management control in a post-covid environment. Suggestions for future research: Further research could conduct at a similar case study on a privately owned real estate company. Another suggestion is to deeply investigate how companies design their own work and reporting processes and how these are significant in an unstable market. This would contribute to a nuanced perspective on governance after a crisis.