Publikationer från Högskolan i Gävle
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Hur patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet från vårdpersonal: En beskrivande litteraturstudie
No full textBakgrund: I världen uppskattas 970 miljoner människor leva med psykisk ohälsa. Psykisk ohälsa kan försämra patienters möjlighet att fungera i vardagslivet. Fördomar och bristande kunskap hos vårdpersonal kan även leda till att patienter med psykisk ohälsa får sämre vård eller att de avstår från att söka hjälp. Bemötandet från vårdpersonal är därför centralt för att öka möjligheterna till god hälsa och chansen att återgå till ett mer fungerande liv inom denna patientgrupp. Syfte: Att beskriva hur patienter med psykisk ohälsa upplever bemötandet från vårdpersonal. Metod: Detta är en beskrivande litteraturstudie som har baserats på tolv vetenskapliga artiklar med kvalitativ ansats. Huvudresultat: Patienter kan uppleva stigmatisering och att de behandlas utifrån sin psykiska ohälsa. Patienter med psykisk ohälsa vill bli bemötta som en människa, vilket innefattar respekt, närvaro och känslan av jämlikhet. I stället är det vanligt att patienterna upplever ett asymmetriskt maktförhållande. För patienter med psykisk ohälsa är vårdpersonalens kommunikation och kunskap viktiga grundpelare i bemötandet. Trots detta upplever patienter att vårdpersonalen brister i den kunskap och kommunikation som krävs för att patienten ska uppnå en god hälsa. Slutsats: Vårdpersonal behöver mer kunskap och bli mer medveten om vilka faktorer som är bärande i bemötandet för patienter med psykisk ohälsa. Ett gott och jämlikt bemötande gör att patienten känner sig som en människa och inte som sin diagnos. Detta möjliggör att det psykiska lidandet minskar och kan leda till en säkrare samt tryggare vård
Challenges and considerations of applying nature-based solutions for future mega-cities: Implications for Karachi as a Sponge City
No full textRapid urbanization contributes to impervious surface areas resulting in higher vulnerability to flooding and loss of green spaces. Recently, sustainable methods like nature-based solutions (NBS) are effectively being used to build resilient cities. These are practices derived from nature by emulating and regulating ecosystem services. Specifically, the adaptation of sponge city (SC) concept as part of NBS is being extensively used in growing cities to help mitigate impacts of development. This study focuses on difficulties encountered by Karachi, such as extreme weather occurrences and flooding. It examines the feasibility of implementing SC methods drawing inspiration from successfully implemented examples of China and Saudi Arabia. The outcomes indicate significance of incorporating NBS and adoption of SC elements in urban planning to provide remedies for Karachi's environmental challenges
Exempel från pågående forskning om översvämningskartering vid Högskolan i Gävle
No full textMethods and Tools for Climate-induced Hazards (MaTCH)Geovisualisering och tolkning av osäkerhetszoner i översvämningskartor för ökad resiliens i ett förändrat klima
Effectiveness- and cost effectiveness of a structured method for systematic and integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management systems (SIOHPS) – a study protocol for a pragmatic stepped wedge cluster randomised controlled trial
No full textBackground Integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management are essential for addressing the challenges faced by healthcare services today. Developing and evaluating tools that support this work is crucial. This project aims to assess the effectiveness of a structured method for systematic and integrated occupational safety and health and patient safety management systems (SIOHPS). Additionally, the project includes embedded economic and process evaluation. This article presents the overall design of the SIOHPS-project, with a specific focus on the design and evaluation of the (cost-)effectiveness study. Methods The project is guided by the Medical Research Council (MRC) framework for complex interventions and is coproduced with key stakeholders. The intervention is designed to support systematic occupational health and patient safety management systems, incorporating both Safety I and Safety II perspectives. It is grounded in safety culture theory and knowledge about team debriefing for learning. The intervention consists of several core components, including targeted education, end-of-shift team debriefings, and support for systematic management. The intervention is supported by a digital tool. A program theory guides the evaluation. A pragmatic stepped-wedge cluster-controlled design (p-SWD) is used, with hospital healthcare units as clusters. The p-SWD includes three steps, with at least four clusters transitioning from the control to the intervention group at each step. A minimum of twelve healthcare units from two different regions in Sweden will participate. The intervention effect will be evaluated using sick leave and quality of care as primary outcomes. Secondary outcomes include safety climate, work environment factors, healthcare worker health, performance, patient safety and quality of nursing care. Primary and secondary analyses are conducted based on intention-to-treat approach. Cost-effectiveness will be assessed using cost-benefit and cost-consequence analyses. Discussion The need of methods that integrate systematic occupational safety and health and patient safety management has been emphasized by different stakeholders worldwide. The SIOHPS study has strong potential for nationwide implementation in Sweden to help healthcare organizations address current challenges. Additionally, the project will contribute to existing safety culture theory by exploring the integration of these domains. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT06398860. Registration date: 2024-04-30
International elite Para athletes’ perspectives on anti-doping: what works, what doesn’t and what’s next?
No full textObjectives Para athletes may face unique challenges in the anti-doping system, including issues of privacy, implementation, comprehension and accessibility. While previous studies have examined non-disabled athletes’ views, little is known about how international elite Para athletes perceive anti-doping procedures. The aim of this study was to increase the understanding of elite Para athletes’ experiences and perceptions of anti-doping procedures. Methods Using a cross-sectional observational study design, data were collected via an online questionnaire distributed during major international Para competitions. A total of 109 elite Para athletes from 25 countries, representing three impairment groups—physical, visual and intellectual impairments—participated in the study. Data were analysed using descriptive statistics and non-parametric analytical tests. Results Among elite Para athletes, 27% had never received anti-doping education during their sports careers, while those who had received such education felt more confident in staying updated on the prohibited list. Over half had never undergone doping testing, and over 70% had never submitted whereabouts information. Most athletes who had been tested found the procedure respectful and adapted to their impairment. However, 25% could not provide a urine sample without assistance from a doping control officer or another person. Furthermore, 40% of those who had submitted whereabouts information said updating it reduced their enjoyment of being an elite athlete. Conclusions This study shows that many Para athletes, even at the elite level, have limited experience with key anti-doping procedures, highlighting a need for more inclusive, prioritised and accessible anti-doping efforts tailored to the needs of Para athletes
Direct and indirect relationships between structural empowerment, professional competence, thriving at work and perceived stress symptoms: a cross-sectional correlational study on hospital nurses in a Chinese province
No full textObjectives: Work stress is a threat to the well-being of nurses in China and also globally, and many studies have been conducted on the risk factors for stress symptoms. However, research on the process and mechanism between work environment risk factors and perceived stress symptoms among nurses remains limited. This study aimed to examine the direct and indirect relationships between nurse-rated structural empowerment, professional competence, thriving and nurses' perceived stress symptoms. Design: This was a cross-sectional correlational study. Setting and participants: This study was conducted between April and October 2023, and 2172 nurses at three general hospitals in a Chinese province were recruited. Method: A questionnaire that included demographic information, the Conditions of Work Effectiveness Questionnaire, the Nurse Professional Competence Scale, the Thriving at Work Scale and one factor from the Psychosomatic Health Aspects Questionnaire that measured perceived stress symptoms was used. The PROCESS macro (model 4) with a parallel mediation model and bootstrapping tests was conducted to examine the direct and indirect relationships of structural empowerment, professional competence and thriving at work on perceived stress symptoms. Result: The regression analysis showed that structural empowerment, professional competence and thriving at work were negatively related to stress symptoms (β=-0.42, p<0.001; β=-0.06, p=0.009; β=-0.28, p<0.001, respectively), after controlling for marital status (yes/no), clinical experience and night shift (three groups). The results of the bootstrap analysis with a parallel mediator model revealed indirect relationships between structural empowerment and stress symptoms through both professional competence and thriving at work (β=-0.033 (95% CIs -0.059 to -0.009); β=-0.164 (95% CIs -0.204 to -0.126), respectively). Conclusions: Structural empowerment was related to stress symptoms both directly and indirectly via professional competence and thriving at work. The findings suggest that managers should alleviate nurses' stress symptoms through measures aimed at providing access to empowering structures, strengthening professional competence and promoting thriving at work
SWOT Analysis of Biomass Pellets for Industrial Steam Production
No full textEnergy use for industry is responsible for around one quarter of global greenhouse gas emissions, which continue to rise, driving humanity closer to a point of no return. The European Green Deal envisions Europe becoming the first climate-neutral continent by 2050, but industries still face uncertainty in defining viable decarbonization pathways. Based on a pioneering case-study company immersed in that shift, together with experts’ vision and state-of-the-art academia insights around biomass for energy use, the study proposes a pragmatic analytical SWOT tool for decision-makers, to assess if a transition from fossil fuels to biomass pellets in industrial steam production processes is feasible and sustainable
Integrating Extramural English into Formal Instruction : Teachers’ Perspectives from Swedish Grades 4–6
No full textIn current educational contexts, students are highly involved in English outside theclassroom through various forms of electronic media, games, and onlinecommunication, commonly referred as extramural English (EE) activities. Suchexposure to English is particularly significant in a country like Sweden, whereEnglish holds a high social status, which in turn has important implications forformal English teaching. The study at hand explores how Swedish middle schoolteachers (grades 4 to 6) view the integration of students' EE activities into theeducational process of English teaching, particularly focusing on teachingapproaches that increase students' motivation in English lessons. This researchuses a qualitative research approach that utilizes semi-structured interviews of sixEnglish teachers from Sweden. Analysis of this research data was completed usinga qualitative content analysis method to draw out themes about the benefits,methods, and challenges of EE. Results of this research indicate that EE has beenseen as a resource that has been of value to the teachers, adding to a positive impacton oral proficiency, vocabulary, and motivation. Teachers have found thatgrounding classroom work on students’ EE experiences, such as gaming, digitalmedia, and popular culture, has a positive effect on student engagement andparticipation, but at the same time, a range of challenges has been identified, whichinclude a lack of proficiency, difficulties in formal writing, grammatical errors,and concerns of informal language as well as inappropriate content. The findingsreported that, although there is great pedagogical potential with EE, effectiveintegration with classroom practice requires mentoring and teacher competence.By focusing attention on teacher perspectives and constraints, this current studyaims to provide insights regarding the more effective integration of formal andinformal English learning and improve current methodologies regarding primaryand lower secondary education
Developing a local food business model and innovation framework: a systematic literature review
No full textLocal food production has been identified as a key lever for advancing sustainable and resilient food systems, yet its development remains limited in scope. To address this challenge, scholars have increasingly examined local food businesses through a business model (BM) perspective, which provides insights into producers’ value intentions and how they propose, create, deliver, and capture value. However, research on these BM components and their potential for innovation has thus far been fragmented and not comprehensively examined. In response, this study conducts a systematic literature review, selecting 44 articles in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. Based on this review, the article proposes a local food BM and innovation framework, that includes (i) a comprehensive overview of BM components in the local food context, (ii) preconditions, approaches and 10 strategies for innovating local food BMs, and (iii) a discussion of the interdependencies and multidimensional relationships between BM components and innovation strategies. Finally, the article outlines future research directions and managerial implications to guide both scholars and practitioners in strengthening local food production and advancing the transition towards sustainable food systems
Sustainable Development and Corporate Profitability: Data Mining Approach
No full textWith the expansion of business activities around the world and the importance of sustainability in various fields, corporate sustainability has become a strategic imperative for management plans and investment decision. Therefore, this study focuses on examining the contribution of sustainability variables, i.e., economic, social, and environmental (ESG), to corporates profitability at 5936 companies distributed globally in an industry sectors using the data mining methods. The data extracted from Thomson Reuters database (ASSET4 ESG) for the period of 2002-2017 was used for modelling. Different algorithms, such as decision tree, support vector machine, and Na & iuml;ve Bayes, were used for modelling. Since the current study uses a multi-class classification, the Kappa criterion was used to assess the quality of the classification algorithm. The results of the study confirmed that none of the sustainability dimensions had a negative impact on corporate profitability