Publikationer från Högskolan i Gävle
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Does type of provider matter for staff well-being? A cross-sectional study of residential care home workers’ job demands and resources
No full textBACKGROUND: Marketisation trends have introduced new elements in residential care homes, potentially related to the psychosocial work environment and well-being of care workers. OBJECTIVE: This study examines differences in job demands and resources across public, outsourced, and private residential care home providers and their associations with care workers’ burnout, job satisfaction, and turnover intentions. METHODS: Data from 253 care workers across 19 residential care homes in three municipalities were analysed using a cross-sectional design, with a 45.3% response rate. We applied the Job Demands-Resources theory and the Copenhagen psychosocial questionnaire, conducting analyses of variance to assess differences and multiple regressions using Generalised Estimating Equations, accounting for the nested structure of the data. RESULTS: Our findings were mixed, with job demands and resources differing across provider types. Outsourced care workers reported higher emotional demands than public sector ones, while private providers offered greater autonomy and supervisor support than public ones. Outsourced workers rated higher levels of burnout than those in public settings, although this difference was non-significant after adding other factors to the model. Statistically significant differences in burnout levels were observed between municipalities. Private care workers reported higher job satisfaction than public ones. About 60% of respondents sometimes or more frequently considered leaving their jobs. Public care workers reported higher turnover intentions than those working for for-profit providers. CONCLUSIONS: This study contributes to understanding how provider type, job demands, and resources relate to care workers' well-being. Further comparative research could help clarify the impact of municipal differences versus provider types
Quality of life and influencing factors in patients with permanent colostomy : A descriptive literature review
No full textBackground：Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the most common malignant tumors in the world. By 2040, the number of cases of colorectal cancer will increase to 3.2 million per year and the number of deaths will reach 1.6 million per year. Abdominoperineal resection is a common procedure for the treatment of low colorectal cancer, but it leaves a permanent stoma. So the quality of life (QoL) of these patients deserves attention.Aim：The aim of the study is to describe the tools to measure the QoL of patients with permanent stoma, the quality of life for patients with permanent colostomy and to identify the factors that influence their quality of life.Methods：This study was a descriptive literature review, search Pubmed databases for relevant articles. Make tables of the ten articles included and review them carefully.Result：Tools used to measure QoL in patients with permanent colostomy are EORTC QLQ-C30, EORTC QLQ-CR38, EORTC QLQ-CR29, SF-36, COH-QoL-Ostomy questionnaire, and Stoma QOL. Patients with permanent colostomy had a moderate QoL. Factors affecting QoL in patients with permanent colostomy are Demographic factors (Age, Sex, Living situation, Living area, Body mass index (BMI), Employment status, Spouse or not, Financial burden), Factors related to ostomy(High Colostomy Impact (CI) score, Time after surgery, Bulge or hernia, Fear of leakage, Time to self-care of the stoma, Loss of body image) and Psychosocial factors(Self-efficacy, Truth telling, Communication with patients, Family relationship, Participation in patients activities).Conclusions：The study found that patients with permanent colostomy had a moderate QoL, which was influenced by demographic factors, stomation-related factors, and socio-psychological factors. In clinical work, transition theory can be used to provide education and support for patients and their families to help patients adapt to the stoma and complete the transitio
The influencing factors on life space mobility among older people living in community with cognitive impairment : A descriptive literature review
No full textBackground: With the improvement of living standards and the development of medical technology, the number of elderly people is increasing, and the trend of aging is irreversible. The risk of cognitive decline increases with age. There is a high risk of reduced mobility in older communities due to physical and cognitive decline. Life space mobility (LSM) is an important indicator of personal social participation. The mobility of older people living in community is affected by many factors. Therefore, we wanted to explore the factors that influence life space mobility among older people living in community with cognitive impairment.Aim: To describe the influencing factors on life space mobility among older people living in community with cognitive impairment. Design: Descriptive review of quantitative studies.Methods: Conduct literature search in PubMed & Cinahl with Boolean term, extract useful results, and analyze and discuss the results.Results: A total of ten articles were included in the review. The results of this study were divided into three themes: Physiological factors (age, gender, gait speed, exercise and personal strength); Psychological factors (degree of depression and cognitive impairment, fear of falling and the risk of falling); Social factors (social event, education level, auxiliary tool, environment).Conclusions: The factors influencing LSM among older people living in community with cognitive impairment found in this study provide a reference for nursing staff to take targeted interventions, so as to optimize LSM among older people living in community with cognitive impairment
The experience of pregnant women withgestational diabetes mellitus : A Descriptive Literature review
No full textBackground: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a prevalent pregnancy complication with profound implications for maternal and neonatal health and has become a global public health challenge. Its prevalence has been increasing worldwide over the past few years. The pooled prevalence of GDM is 14.8% in China. In order to better provide more targeted care to women with gestational diabetes, it is necessary to systematically understand the experiences of women with gestational diabetes.Aim: The aim was to describe the experience of pregnant women with GDM.Design: The authors have conducted a descriptive literature review.Methods: The authors used the database PubMed and WanFang to search for the required literature and compare the similarities and differences between the results of 11 selected articles and summarize them.Results: A total of 11 articles describing the experiences of women with GDM were included, and the results were divided into individual, social, environmental three categories.Conclusion: The behavior of pregnant women with GDM is dynamically affected by multi-dimensional factors, showing different physiological, psychological and social changes. Nurses should fully understand and master the characteristics of women with GDM and provide targeted nursing programs to improve the quality of nursing
The Intervention and Effects on Occupational Burnout among ICU Nurses : A descriptive literature review
No full textBackground: Nurse burnout is gradually becoming a common phenomenon, leading to an increase in talent turnover and posing risks to healthcare.Objective: The aims to review intervention measures and their impact on occupational burnout among ICU nurses.Method: It’s a descriptive literature review and screened 8 articles based on inclusion and exclusion criteria.Result: Two intervention measures were applied in the study, mindfulness intervention and Balint group training. Both of mindfulness intervention and Balint group have an effect on improving occupational burnout.Conclusion: The study found that two interventions are of great significance in reducing occupational burnout among Intensive Care Unit (ICU) nurses and can be used in clinical practice. The effect of mindfulness intervention is relatively good, but further research is needed to investigate the effectiveness of using courses related to occupational burnout as intervention methods to alleviate ICU nurses' occupational burnout
Shaping the Self : Lacanian Perspectives on Memory, Identity and Trauma in Morrison´s Fiction
No full textThis thesis examines Toni Morrison´s Beloved and Song of Solomon through Lacanian psychoanalysis, trauma theory and neuroscience. Beloved centers on the Imaginary and the Real, using fragmented, sensory narratives to reflect unprocessed trauma. Song of Solomon, by contrast, engages the Symbolic, exploring identity formation langage, and collective memory. Drawing on Cathy Caruth and Dominick LaCapra, the study highlights the difference between structural abscence and historical loss, aligning trauma theory. Neuroscientific perspectives on implicit memory and language offer further insight into how cognition shapes meaning and identity. Morrison´s work emergers as a symbolic act of collective remembrance and psychic negotiation, showing how literature, like psychoanalysis, mediates the unspeakable and the Real. Ultimately, the novels exemplify how the narrative can reveal trauma´s psychic and cultural residues, providing a multidimensional framework for understanding subjectivity.
Arbetsmiljöns betydelse för möjligheten till ett längre arbetsliv : En kvalitativ studie om lärares tankar
No full textPurpose The purpose of this study was to highlight teachers’ thoughts about how their work environment affects the possibility of working until the target retirement age or beyond. Method Six preschool teachers and four primary school teachers were interviewed using semi-structured questions. The data was then analyzed using qualitative content analysis. Results The analysis resulted in one main category: "The ability to work until the target retirement age or beyond depends on which work conditions exist for doing a good job” This was supported by categories: "Good conditions and social connection form the foundation for job satisfaction" and "When time and resources fall short and cost savings become the main focus, the work environment becomes unbalanced" with six subcategories. Conclusion To support the extension of working life for preschool and primary school teachers, it may be important for school leaders to find balance between demands and resources, giving time for recovery, showing appreciation, giving opportunities for influence and growth, offering support from managers, and creating good conditions for a well-functioning teamwork and social relationships.Bakgrund & problemformulering Regeringen höjer pensionsåldern i takt med att befolkningen lever allt längre, vilket bidrar till utmaningar för de yrkesgrupper som upplever stora brister i arbetsmiljön. Tidigare forskning har visat att förskolelärare och grundskolelärare upplever en påfrestande arbetsmiljö som bidrar till att många av lärarna väljer att lämna yrket i förtid. Statistik visar även att det är flera förskolelärare och grundskolelärare som uppger att de inte kommer att orka arbeta fram till riktålder för pension samt att de har svårt att klara av sina arbetsuppgifter med stigande ålder. Tidigare studier som undersökt möjligheten till ett längre arbetsliv har visat att arbetsmiljön är betydelsefull för att individen ska vilja och orka fortsätta arbeta längre och vilka arbetsmiljöfaktorer som spelar in. Syfte Syftet med denna studie var att belysa lärares tankar kring arbetsmiljöns betydelse för möjligheten att arbeta fram till riktålder för pension eller längre. Metod För den aktuella studien valdes en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer. Sex förskolelärare och fyra grundskolelärare intervjuades. Data analyserades därefter genom kvalitativ innehållsanalys. Resultat: Analysen resulterade i en huvudkategori ” Möjligheten att arbeta fram till riktålder för pension eller längre bottnar i vilka förutsättningar som finns för att göra ett bra jobb” som stöds av två kategorier ”Goda förutsättningar och social gemenskap lägger grunden för arbetstillfredsställelse” och ”När tid och resurser inte räcker och besparingar tar över skapas en arbetsmiljö i obalans” samt sex subkategorier. Slutsats: För att främja möjligheten till ett längre arbetsliv för förskolelärare och grundskolelärare kan det vara betydelsefullt om ledningen arbetar för att hitta en balans mellan krav och resurser, skapar utrymme för mer återhämtning, visar uppskattning och ger möjlighet till inflytande och utveckling samt bidrar med chefsstöd och skapar goda förutsättningar till ett välfungerande arbetslag och socialt samspel
Lägesosäkerhet i plan och höjd vid reflektorlös totalstationsmätning med olika infallsvinklar, avstånd och ytegenskaper
No full textVid totalstationsmätning är det inte alltid möjligt att använda konventionella prismor eller andra typer av reflekterande måltavlor. Av den anledningen kan reflektorlös mätning vara ett alternativ. Reflektorlös mätning är en metod där totalstationens laserstråle reflekteras direkt mot den yta som mäts in, i stället för att ett prisma eller reflextejp placeras över punkten. Denna studie syftar till att undersöka olika faktorers påverkan på lägesosäkerheten vid reflektorlös mätning med totalstationen Trimble S5 1” Robotic DR Plus Active Tracking. Genom att variera färg, struktur och infallsvinkel har det undersökts hur lägesosäkerheten förändras på tre olika avstånd: 15, 30 och 45 m. För att variera infallsvinkeln tillverkades en speciell hållare för måltavlorna, som kunde justeras inom intervallet 0–90 gon. Måltavlorna bestod av 16 plåtbitar målade i färgerna svart eller vitt med olika glans samt en måltavla med reflextejp. För att variera strukturen användes sandpapper med olika kornstorlekar som limmades på plåtarna. Ett referensvärde bestämdes genom mätning av ett prisma och detta värde användes sedan för beräkning av RMS-värden i plan och höjd. Samtliga mätningar utfördes genom helsatsmätning och totalstationen etablerades som fri station i SWEREF 99 16 30 och RH 2000. Resultatet visade att vid mätning rakt framifrån hade ytegenskaperna liten inverkan på lägesosäkerheten för samtliga måltavlor oavsett avstånd. RMS i plan varierade mellan 1–3 mm. När infallsvinkeln ökades sågs större variation mellan måltavlornas resultat där färg och struktur hade en större påverkan. Framför allt svarta måltavlor med slät struktur påvisade höga RMS-värden i plan när infallsvinkeln ökade, upp till centimeternivå, medan vita måltavlor inte påverkades i samma utsträckning. Resultaten varierade omkring 1 mm mellan de olika avstånden men det fanns ingen tydlig linjäritet i att lägesosäkerheten ökade eller minskade med avståndet för alla måltavlor. Som slutsats drogs att vita färger generellt är bättre att mäta mot, den vita färgen mäts bra oberoende av glans och struktur vid ett stort spann av infallsvinklar. Svarta ytor, speciellt utan struktur, är känslig för infallsvinkelns påverkan och skillnaderna i glans påverkar RMS-värdet i plan i stor utsträckning.In total station surveying it’s not always possible to use conventional prisms or other types of reflective targets. For that reason, reflectorless measurement can be an alternative. Reflectorless measurement is a method in which the laser beam reflects directly off the surface that is being measured, instead of having a prism or reflective tape placed on the point. The aim of this study is to investigate how different factors influence the positional uncertainty when using reflectorless measurements with the total station Trimble S5 1” Robotic DR Plus Active Tracking. By varying the color, surface structure and angle of incidence, the positional uncertainty has been investigated at three different distances: 15, 30 and 45 m. To vary the angle of incidence a special target holder was manufactured, which could be adjusted between 0-90 gon. The targets consisted of 16 metal plates painted in black or white with different levels of gloss and one target with reflective tape. To vary the surface structure sandpapers with different grain sizes were glued onto the targets. A reference value was determined by measuring a prism and this value was then used in the calculation of RMS-values in horizontal and vertical components. All measurements were carried out using complete round of measurements and the total station was established as a free station in SWEREF 99 16 30 and RH 2000. The results showed that when measuring with zero angle of incidence surface properties had a minor impact on the positional uncertainty for all targets at any distance. The horizontal RMS-values varied between 1-3 mm. When the angle of incidence changed, an increase in variation between the targets emerged where their color and surface texture had a larger impact on the results. In particular, smooth black targets showed high horizontal RMS-values when the angle of incidence increased, up to centimeter level, while white targets weren’t affected to the same extent. The results varied around 1 mm between the different distances but there was no clear linearity in the increase or decrease in the positional uncertainty based on the distance. The conclusion was that white colors are generally better to measure against, white color performs well regardless of gloss and surface texture in a wide interval of incidence angles. Black surfaces, especially those without texture, are sensitive to the influence of the incidence angle and the difference in gloss has a large impact on the horizontal RMS-value
Från begränsningar till möjligheter : - En studie om hur småföretag med begränsade resurser utformar sin marknadsföring
No full textTitel: Från begränsningar till möjligheter - En studie om hur småföretag utformar sin marknadsföring Nivå: Examensarbete på grundnivå (kandidatexamen) i ämnet företagsekonomi Författare: Siri Lingvall och Elin Steene Handledare: Aihie Osarenkhoe Datum: 2025 – juni Syfte: Syftet med studien är att kartlägga vilka marknadsföringsstrategier småföretag använder och vilka faktorer som påverkar deras val, med fokus på Gästrikland. Genom Resource-Based View kartläggs de mest framgångsrika strategierna för småföretag i en digitaliserad miljö. Tre forskningsfrågor har undersökts, vilka kretsar kring vilka marknadsföringsstrategier småföretag använder, vilka strategier de upplever som mest gynnsamma för sin verksamhet samt vilka faktorer som påverkar valet av marknadsföringsstrategi i en resursbegränsad kontext. Metod: Studien bygger på en kvalitativ metod med semistrukturerade intervjuer från 10 småföretag i Gästrikland. Analysen är tematiskt uppbyggd med stöd av RBV, effektueringsteori och marknadsföringsstrategier anpassade för småföretag. Resultat & Slutsats: Resultaten visar att småföretag föredrar kostnadseffektiva strategier som sociala medier, nätverkande och word of mouth. Strategierna anpassas efter tillgängliga resurser, vilket kan ge konkurrensfördelar trots begränsningar. Examensarbetets bidrag: Studien ökar förståelsen för småföretags praktiska marknadsföring och visar hur teori kan tillämpas i resursknappa miljöer. Ett av arbetets viktigaste bidrag är insikten att småföretag inte behöver stora budgetar eller formella strategier för att nå ut effektivt, utan kan stärka sin konkurrenskraft genom att bygga kundrelationer och anpassa sin kommunikation utifrån sina egna förutsättningar. Förslag till vidare forskning: Framtida studier kan jämföra branscher, regioner eller undersöka hur marknadsföringen förändras över tid hos småföretagare. Nyckelord: Marknadsföringens historia, traditionell marknadsföring, digital marknadsföring, marknadsföringsstrategi, Resource-Based View (RBV), effektueringsteorin, småföretag, och SMF.Title: From Limitations to Opportunities – A Study on How Small Businesses Design Their Marketing Level: Bachelor thesis within Business Administration C Author: Siri Lingvall & Elin Steene Supervisor: Aihie Osarenkhoe Date: 2025 – June Aim: The purpose of the study is to investigate which marketing strategies small businesses use and which factors influence their choices, with a focus on the Gästrikland region. Through Resource-Based View, the most successful strategies for small businesses in a digitalized environment are mapped. Three research questions have been investigated, which revolve around which marketing strategies small businesses use, which strategies they experience as most beneficial for their business, and which factors influence the choice of marketing strategy in a resource-limited context. Method: The study is based on a qualitative method with semi-structured interviews from ten small businesses in Gästrikland. The analysis is thematically structured with support from RBV, effectuation theory and marketing strategies adapted for small businesses. Result & Conclusion: The results implied that small firms prefer flexible, low-cost strategies like social media and networking. Strategic choices are based on available resources, which can lead to competitive advantages. Contribution of the thesis: The thesis contributes practical insights into small business marketing and applies theoretical models in real-world settings. One of the most important contributions of the work is the insight that small businesses do not need large budgets or formal strategies to reach out effectively, but can strengthen their competitiveness by building customer relationships and adapting their communication based on their own circumstances. Suggestions for future research: Future studies could compare different industries or regions, or explore how marketing practices among small businesses evolve over time. Key words: The history of marketing, traditional marketing, digital marketing, marketing strategy, Resource-Based View (RBV), Effectuation theory, small businesses, and SME
“Keeping an Eye Out”: Students’ Experiences of School Personnel’s Noticing in Shaping or Hindering a Positive School Climate
No full textA positive school climate is characterized by a higher degree of well-being among students, reduced bullying, and improved academic performance. While many initiatives are aimed at creating a positive school climate, discussions in both research and theory frequently fail to acknowledge the essential role of school personnel. This study examines a purposeful sample of Swedish middle-school students (4th to 9th grade) of school personnel’s noticing in fostering or hindering a positive school climate. Fifteen (15) focus groups and 19 semi-structured interviews were analyzed, covering 133 participants selected from three schools (age range 10 to 16 years) in a Swedish municipality. Drawing on a framework of professional noticing and positive school and classroom climate, the investigation was conducted using a case study approach and analyzed with the help of content analysis. The results highlighted the importance placed by students on school personnel noticing appropriate things/events and responding accordingly. For this to happen, personnel need to (a) notice and make themselves visible; (b) be actively observing as a prerequisite to their noticing; (c) be receptive to noticing; (d) notice and grasp a full picture, including students’ perspectives; and (e) connect their noticing with appropriate actions