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Mufulira Hebrew Congregation Synagogue, Mufulira, Zambia, Interior View
No full textDigital imageJay Waronker is an architect and a professor of architecture in the United States, educated at Cornell, Harvard, and the University of Michigan. His paintings and scholarship focus on the synagogues and Jewish architecture of the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa, including synagogues found in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, and Ethiopia
Finding home and homeland: Jewish DP youth and Zionism in the aftermath of the Holocaust.
No full textThe Jewish Displaced Persons, although only a small number of the total refugees in post-war Europe, played a disproportionately large role on the international stage. While most literature on the subject is in agreement that the She'erit Hapletah demonstrated an abundant Zionist enthusiasm that influenced the course of diplomatic negotiations over the creation of the state of Israel, there has been considerable debate as to the source and depth of that Zionist enthusiasm. Furthermore, studies of the Jewish DP population tend to describe the group as an undifferentiated mass, although it is apparent that the Jewish DPs were a population with a distinctively youthful demographic make-up that influenced its political and cultural choices. This dissertation investigates the behavior of young Jewish DPs against this background in an effort to determine the meaning and appeal of Zionism to young DPs and the reasons for its success, from the perspective of sources created by young Jewish DPs themselves. This study suggests that Zionism was not merely an obvious conclusion to the Holocaust or an agenda imposed upon the DP population by emissaries from Palestine. One of the foremost expressions of Zionist affiliation on the part of Jewish youth, often pointed to by outside observers as evidence of Zionist enthusiasm, was the choice to live in kibbutzim affiliated with Zionist youth movements. Frequently however, the reasons for joining such kibbutz groups had little to do with any ideological inclination toward Zionism. Rather, Jewish youth joined the kibbutz groups because they were best able to fill the psychological and material needs of this crucial cohort of survivors. Over their time in Europe, the Jewish youth in the kibbutz groups deepened their Zionist enthusiasm through a process of educational and cultural work. Even without the retroactive knowledge that the state of Israel would ultimately be created, a therapeutic and functional Zionism proved highly successful in filling a positive function for DP youth by providing a secure environment for vocational and agricultural training, education, rehabilitation and a surrogate family that could ultimately restore their belief in humanity.Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2005.School code: 0146
The family of Edna Loeb Friedman Fischer.
No full textFamily history compiled by Edna Loeb Friedman Fischer's daughter, containing photographs, family trees, translations of letters and more.See also "The life and times of Nat M. Washer" (ME 1404
Visit to a Viennese cemetery /
No full text"Visit to a Viennese Cemetery" is a personal reflection about Fireside's first trip back to Austria since his arrival in the USA. It was organised by the "Jewish Welcome Service" in September 2000. This trip brings forgotten memories back to life, questioning the role of Austrians in the Holocaust, and their denial afterwards. The author describes the trip, first days of sightseeing and conversations of his fellow travellers. On the last day, the group went to Zentralfreidhof, the main cemetery in Vienna.The memoir "Delusions and Denials: Viennese Life under the Nazis" starts with a description of the author's family and an essay-like reflection about Austria and its role and engagement with Nazism, and soon turns to the author's own childhood in Vienna, presenting his personal memories in context of the political situation in the 1930s. In the main part of the memoir, Fireside talks at length about the immediate events leading to the "Anschluss", followed by its consecutive years, still being in Vienna. "Kristallnacht", the pogrom in November of 1938, is dealt with in detail, over 15 pages. Until their escape in April 1940, Fireside describes plenty incidents of humiliations and persecution, the process of getting affidavits for the USA, and finally his family boarding a ship in Italy and their arrival in the USA.Visit to a Viennese cemeteryDelusions and denials: Viennese life under the NazisHarvey Fireside was born as Heinz Wallner on Dec. 18, 1929 in Vienna. His father owned a photo store in the eighth district. Heinz went to elementary school in the 8th district until 1938. He then enrolled in an unofficial school in the ghetto in the 12th district until fifth grade. He was not accepted for a Kindertransport to England, but he finally fled from Vienna in April of 1940, when he went to Trieste, Italy, for a month, before arriving in the USA: first in New York City and then in Danville, IL, where he went to elementary school once again. Harvey moved on to junior- (1944-1945) and senior high school (1946-1948) in New Brunswick, NJ, before graduating from Harvard University with a BA in 1952 and an MA in 1955; he received his PhD at New School in 1968. Harvey Fireside became a college professor for politics at Cornell University NY.Harvey Fireside was born under the prewar Heinz Wallner name on 12/18/1929 in Vienna. His father owned a photo stroe in the eighth district. He went to elementary school in in the 8th district until 1938. He then enrolled in an unofficial school in the ghetto in the 12th district untill fifth grade. He was not accepted for a Kindertransport to England, but finally he fled from Vienna in April of 1940, went to Trieste, Italy, left again a month later, and came finallly to the USA, first to New York City, then Danville, IL, where he went to elementary school once again. He moved on to junior (1944-1945) and senior high school (1946-1948) in New Brumswick, NJ, attended Harvard University, with a BA in 1952 and an MA in 1955. He received his PhD ay New School University in 1968. He became a college professor for politics at Cornell University NY.Austrian Heritage CollectionEmigration and immigration; 1933-1945; ItalyHIASJewish Welcome ServiceKindertransportProfessions and occupations, photographerSuicideRestitutionReconciliationFreedom Party Austri
Gender, religion and the Jewish public sphere in mid-nineteenth century America.
No full textBenevolent and mutual benefit societies, associations for the care of the sick and burial of the dead, fraternal lodges, literary associations, Sunday schools, orphan asylums, hospitals and Jewish cemeteries constituted an American Jewish public sphere---the realm of social and civic life identified by social theorists in which participants form opinions, debate issues and rehearse identities. For many nineteenth century American Jews, participation in this sphere became the primary manifestation of their Jewish affiliation, replacing the rituals and observances of traditional Judaism. This dissertation explores the Jewish public sphere in cities across America, from its emergence in the 1820s through America's Centennial in 1876. There are two central arguments: First, gender was a significant organizing principle behind the Jewish public sphere as women and men partnered in its creation and engaged in defining the categories of Jewish manhood and Jewish womanhood. Second, through their institutions, American Jews created a Jewish civil religion, whose beliefs, symbols and rituals they hoped could transcend their ideological differences and unite them as American Jews.This dissertation examines four arenas through which American Jews transformed American Judaism as they attempted to construct a unified vision of Jewish identity---Jewish philanthropy, Jewish fraternal orders, Hebrew literary associations and Jewish cemeteries. The primary purposes of the associations of the Jewish public sphere included the maintenance and promotion of Jewish obligation, cohesion, knowledge and identity. Yet, these Jewish institutions adopted the forms, language, and even values of American civic culture and civil religion as the mechanisms through which to promote their Jewish agenda. Thus, Jewish philanthropy adapted to American gender norms and attitudes towards poverty. Jewish fraternal orders merged the American fraternal form with a newly emerging Jewish civil religion. Jewish literary associations embraced a popular American form to instill in young Jewish men a sense of duty to Judaism and to America. Finally, Jewish cemeteries reflected the continuing desire for Jewish separateness even as the manner of burial reveals an embrace of an American domestic piety.Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Pennsylvania, 2004.School code: 0175
Arabesques: Otto Weininger and his "1901--02 Studien" (an analysis and a translation).
No full textThis dissertation explores life and work of the Austrian philosopher Otto Weininger (1880--1903) and offers an annotated translation and an analysis of his earlier works titled as 1901--02 Studien. They include his dissertation draft Eros and Psyche: biologisch psychologische Studien ("Eros and Psyche: A Biological-psychological Study"), sketch Zur Theorie des Lebens ("Toward a Theory of Life"), and two small pieces Excursus 1 and 2. The leading idea of Eros and Psyche is the universality of bisexuality. According to Weininger, there are innumerable "sexual intermediate stages" ("sexuelle Zwischenstufen") between an ideal Man (M) and an ideal Woman (W). He describes each person as a hybrid with a unique gender model, which is characterized by an individual quantitative and qualitative content of feminine and masculine elements. This model constantly undergoes mutation and transformation, according to various factors, including time and space. This dissertation discusses Weininger's new theories on: gender, gender models, sexual attraction (das Gesetz der Liebe), characterology, metachemistry (gender and sexuality at the molar and molecular level), the moral fulfillment in time, the theory of genius (die Theorie der Begabung), love, language (including his thinking on henids), and other subjects. This dissertation consists of a prolegomena and five chapters. The first chapter, "A Survey of Weininger's Life," offers biographical information and important events of Weininger's life. The second chapter, "Weininger's Reception," describes the critical reaction to Weininger's works, which focuses on the reception of his famous book Geschlecht and Charakter ("Sex and Character"). The third chapter, "Major Concepts in Weininger's Philosophy," briefly outlines important aspects of Weininger's philosophy, including the problem of I (das Ich), the principle of moral fulfillment in time, the phenomenon of projection, the concepts of soul and body, value, the problem of woman and the Jew, the problem of duality (consciousness/unconsciousness), the law of sexual attraction, the concepts of Form and Matter, and henids. The fourth chapter, "The New Science of Characterology," describes Weininger's ideas about human character, including the psychology of animals, archetypes (the molar approach of character), and metachemistry (the molecular approach of character). The fifth chapter, "An English Translation of Otto Weininger's Studien 1901--02," is my translation of Weininger's text from German into English. It is divided into segments according to the original. This dissertation also has two appendixes. Appendix 1) includes "Reflections on Weininger's Suicide." It offers a new view on Weininger's suicide. Appendix 2) includes "Rethinking Weininger's Theory of Gender and Sexuality." It offers a new perspective on Weininger's theory of gender and sexuality. The last part of the dissertation is a Bibliography.Thesis (Ph.D.)--State University of New York at Binghamton, 2004.School code: 0260
Trading diasporas and trading networks in the Early Modern period: A Sephardic partnership of Livorno in the Mediterranean, Europe and Portuguese India (ca 1700--1750).
No full textThis thesis is a historical study of a commercial partnership between two families of Sephardic Jews, the Ergas and the Silvera, which was based in Livorno (Tuscany) and Aleppo (Syria) and operated during the first half of the eighteenth century, when Livorno was the most important port of the Mediterranean after Marseille and the largest Sephardic settlement together with Amsterdam. Among a variety of primary sources, I drew primarily from 13,659 business letters written from Livorno by Ergas & Silvera between 1704 and 1746. Partnerships like Ergas & Silvera benefited from the privileges that had been granted to Jewish and New Christian merchants in Livorno since the 1590s. They became preferred intermediaries in the exchanges between Europe and the Ottoman Empire thanks to both their widespread presence on both shores of the Mediterranean and the diplomatic protection the French offered them in Ottoman ports after 1680. They largely controlled the exchange of Mediterranean coral and Indian diamonds through a heterogeneous network of Italian agents in Lisbon and Hindu correspondents in Goa until the 1730s, when the London-Madras route and the services of the English East India Company proved comparatively more advantageous.This study aims to illuminate the activities of a prosperous Sephardic merchant house in the Mediterranean while most scholarship for this period focuses on the commercial ventures of the Sephardim in the Atlantic and the economic expansion of northern European states. It contributes to the diverse literature on the history of European long-distance trade that emphasizes the cooperation between private merchants and state-emanated commercial institutions. It shows how in some instances stateless diasporas sought the protection of formal institutions and yet did not loose their diasporic identity. This study also makes an analytical distinction between 'trading disapora' and 'trading networks.' The latter refers to durable economic relations between groups of different ethnic and religious backgrounds sustained in the absence of overarching authorities and solely on the basis of reciprocal means of reputation control. It conceives trust in such horizontal cross-cultural business relations as the result of both rational calculation and social control.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Brown University, 2004.School code: 0024
The effects of aversive anti-Semitism on selection decisions regarding Jewish workers in the United States.
No full textThe effects of aversive anti-Semitism on selection decisions regarding Jewish employees in the U.S. were studied. The extant literature on aversive racism, prejudice and stereotyping, and job discrimination provided a backdrop for the present study. Participants read transcripts of an interview for a bank president position that varied by candidate religion/ethnicity and qualifications. They then rated the job candidate on job-relevant scales and personality traits, and completed an anti-Semitism scale and demographics questionnaire. The first hypothesis predicted a 2-way interaction of candidate religion/ethnicity and qualifications on candidate ratings such that Jewish candidates would be rated lower than Christian candidates in the ambiguous qualification condition but not in the strong or weak qualification conditions. The second hypothesis predicted a negative correlation between self-report anti-Semitism and Jewish candidate ratings across conditions. College and graduate students ( N = 299) participated in the study. Tests of the first hypothesis indicated an interaction of candidate religion/ethnicity and qualifications on candidate ratings that was modified by participant religion. Specifically, when qualifications were weak, Jewish and Christian participants rated Christian candidates higher than Jewish candidates. In contrast, participants with no religion rated Jewish candidates higher than Christian candidates in the weak qualification condition. Post hoc correlation analyses revealed significant variations in candidate ratings based on implicit associations between Jews and ambition and Christians and incompetence. In particular, strongly qualified Jewish candidates who were rated highly for the job were seen as ambitious yet their Christian counterparts were not. Weakly qualified Christian candidates who were rated poorly for the job were seen as incompetent, yet their Jewish counterparts were not. Tests of the second hypothesis revealed no significant correlation between candidate ratings and total anti-Semitism scores. However, significant correlations were found for the traditional anti-Semitism subscale, indicating that traditional anti-Semitism was a better predictor of anti-Jewish discrimination than modern anti-Semitism. Tests of demographic factors revealed that frequent interaction with Muslims and Republican Party membership both correlated positively with anti-Semitism. Overall, this study did not demonstrate the expected effects of aversive anti-Semitism in the banking industry. However, important links were found between implicit personality-based biases and hiring decisions.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Alliant International University, San Diego, 2004.School code: 1389
"It's your America": Gertrude Berg and American Broadcasting, 1929--1956.
No full textIn November 1929, The Rise of the Goldbergs, a radio series about a New York Jewish family and its matriarch, Molly Goldberg, debuted on the National Broadcasting System (NBC). The brainchild of Gertrude Berg, the program was a precursor to the radio soap opera, with an audience measuring in the millions by 1933, and Molly's shouts to her imaginary neighbor---"Yoo, Hoo! Mrs. Bloom!"---a national catchphrase. By 1948, The Goldbergs had seen life as a book, jigsaw puzzle, comic strip, vaudeville tour, and a Broadway play, with Berg becoming one of broadcasting's highest paid personalities in the process. After creating at least three other series while on radio, she anxiously explored the new frontier of television.The Goldbergs, a prototype of the television situation comedy, first appeared on the Columbia Broadcasting System (CBS) in January 1949. The next year Berg found herself in a political battle to save the career of Philip Loeb, who played her television husband, Jake Goldberg. He was blacklisted, named in the publication Red Channels with 151 other entertainers in broadcasting, film, stage and literature for alleged Communist activities.Loeb committed suicide in September 1955, mentally exhausted from fighting the rumors and accusations. The Goldbergs also disappeared that year, a victim of the blacklist and the fickle nature of television. Berg's professional reputation was damaged as well; in 1952, because of her refusal to fire Loeb, she was listed as a "Communist fellow traveler" by at least one anti-Communist watchdog group. In her last decade, Berg was relegated to summer stock and the occasional role on Broadway or in television.This dissertation records Berg's broadcasting career between 1929, when The Goldbergs first aired, and 1956, the year of its demise. Since Berg spent much of her career playing Molly Goldberg, much of the dissertation will focus on the birth and evolution of that character. However, Berg's other radio and television productions, her life before, during, and after The Goldbergs, and her fight against the blacklist are also explored.Thesis (Ph.D.)--The University of Southern Mississippi, 2004.School code: 0211
AHC interview with George Joseph Kovacs
No full textApril 15, 2004George Joseph Kovacs was born in Vienna in 1926. He went to Montessori School in Vienna until 1937. He left Vienna in December 1938 and came to England on a Kindertransport. He then came to Wales and finally immigrated to the United States March 27, 1940. He was drafted in U. S. Army in 1944 and discharged in 1945. Until 1949, he attended City College of New York. He became a lighting manufacturer and store owner