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Yidisher sotsializm: The origin and contexts of the Jewish Labor Bund's national program.
No full textThis dissertation examines the Jewish Labor Bund's debates and programmatic statements regarding the 'national question', analyzes the relation between the Bund's national program and European social democracy, and considers how the Bund put its national program into practice in a range of political, cultural and recreational activities in interwar Poland. The Bund's national program was an attempt to reconceptualize national relations, especially within the state, according to socialist (but non-Bolshevik) principles. This program openly challenged nationalism and the nation state and championed the rights of the different nationalities (not only Jews) within each state. Its main tenet was that the Jews of Russia, and later Poland, as well as the other national minorities, must be granted a limited 'national-cultural autonomy'. It also stressed that the solution to the Jews' problems must be found in the places where they already lived and not through emigration (doykayt). Whereas the existing historiography often presents a simplified version of Bundism or stresses the Bund's failure to achieve its aims, this dissertation attempts to understand the Bund's aspirations and activities in their own terms. The first chapters discuss the internal debates that led the Bund to adopt its national program and reconstruct the intellectual background that resulted in the Bund's particular synthesis and views. I give particular attention to the work of key theorists that had an impact on the development of the Bund's program, among them the 'founding fathers' of Marxism (Marx, Engels and Kautsky), Austro-Marxist theorists (Karl Renner and Otto Bauer), Bundist theorists (such as Vladimir Medem and Beynish Mikhalevitsh), and ideological rivals within the Marxist movement with whom the Bund maintained fierce debates in the process of developing its national and political identity (Rosa Luxemburg and the Bolsheviks Lenin and Stalin). In the later chapters I explore the extent to which the Polish Bund in the interwar period endeavored to apply its national program and unique synthesis of socialism, internationalism, and Jewish identity in the development of a complex subculture of working-class, secular Yiddishist institutions, and I show how this network constituted an impressive 'national-cultural autonomy in the making'.Thesis (Ph.D.)--New York University, 2005.School code: 0146
Yiddish literary culture in Montreal, 1905--1940.
No full textThis thesis examines the development of Yiddish literary culture in Montreal, Canada during its nascent period between 1905 and 1940. The focus is on Montreal's pre-Holocaust Yiddish literary life, and its proponents: A. Almi, Reuben Brainin, H. M. Caiserman, N. Y. Gotlib, Hersh Hershman, Yehuda Kaufman, Ida Maza, Israel Rabinovitch, B. G. Sack, J. I. Segal, A. Sh. Shkolnikov, Moshe Shmuelson, Sholem Shtern, Hirsch Wolofsky, Yaacov Zipper, Yehuda Zlotnik, and others. By way of introduction, it provides an overview of Yiddish immigration to Montreal and the creation of local Yiddish culture, and situates Montreal within the international interwar Yiddish literary milieu. The study goes on to present an overview of the Yiddish literary scene in Montreal, including its informal organizations and salons, the Yidishe-folks-biblyotek (Yiddishe Folksbibliotek, Jewish People's Library/Jewish Public Library), the YTEG (Yidish teater grupe/Yiddish Theatre Group), and the mechanisms behind Yiddish book publishing. It details the creation of the Montreal Yiddish press, with discussion of the Keneder adler (Keneder odler), Folkstsaytung, Der veg (Der weg) and other local newspapers, and discusses the overall role of the press in the local promotion of Yiddish literature and theatre. It presents the Yiddish literary journals published in Montreal: Der keneder yidisher shrayber, Nyuansn, Epokhe, Royerd, Der kval, Kanade, Heftn, Montreol, Prolit, Heftn, and Kanader zhurnal, as well as those published in Toronto and Vancouver that featured Montreal writers: Basheydn, In gevirbl, Buy undz, and Di yididte velt. It posits the question of Yiddish literary and cultural continuity by Looking at the role of the modern secular Yiddish schools in bolstering Yiddish literature among the younger generation, and considers the role of the Natsyonale-radikule-shuln/Perets-shuln (National Radical Schools/Peretz Schools), the Yidishe folksshuln (Jewish People's Schools), and the Moris-vintshevsky-shuln (Morris Winchevsky Schools) in the creation of a second generation of Yiddish writers such as Ruth Rubin, Shulamis Yellin and Aaron Krishtalka. By way of conclusion, the thesis posits the fate of Yiddish literary culture in Montreal, and Canada as a whole in the present and future.Thesis (Ph.D.)--Columbia University, 2005.School code: 0054
AHC Interview with Trudy Owett and Erika Schoenfeld
No full textTrudy Owett is born in Vienna on February 2, 1929. She lived with her sister Erika and her parents in a big apartment in the 6th district of Vienna. Her father worked in the movie business for Universal Pictures and her mother worked part-time in one of the movie theaters owned by the family. Mrs. Owett went to elementary school until 1938. After the Nazi's rise to power in Austria, Mrs. Owett and her sister Erika came with the Kindertransport to England. They stayed there until 1943. In December 1943, the family was reunited in New York City. Trudy Owett went to college in the United States and still works as a psychotherapist in New York.Erika Schoenfeld, nee Hilsenrad, was born on November 24, 1926 in Vienna where she lived at Mariahilferstrasse 1 in the 6th district. She attended elementary school located on Gumpendorferstrasse from 1936-1938, then the Maedchenrealgymnasium at Linke Wienzeile and then a Jewish high school. After the Nazi's rise to power, Ms. Schoenfeld fled on April 11, 1939 to Birmingham, England, where from 1939 until 1941, she attended Kings Norton Grammar School in Birmingham and a secretarial school in Scotland. She then left for New York, United States, where she arrived on November 30, 1943. Ms. Schoenfeld worked for Universal Pictures and was a hometaker. She today lives in Manhasset Hills, New York.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC Interview with Gerhard Schreiber
No full textGerhard Schreiber was born on April 20, 1928, in Czernowitz, then Cernauti (Romania), which is now part of Ukraine. In the 1920s Cernauti was a culturally rich town, with a predominant Jewish German speaking majority. Gerhard Schreiber was taught in German at school and his parents spoke mainly German as well. He and his family were deported to a concentration camp in Transnistria ("Cariera de Piatra" camp) and later to a camp in Tulchin, Ukraine. In 1944 they were liberated and went to Bucarest, Romania. There Gerhard Schreiber studied chemical engineering and graduated in 1952. In 1961 he went to Israel for one year and then immigrated to the USA. He settled in New Jersey and worked as a chemical engineer.Austrian Heritage CollectionSee also Gerhard Schreiber's Memoirs (ME 1416
AHC interview with Ingeborg Sonn.
No full textSeptember 15, 2005Ingeborg Sonn was born on March 22, 1929, the daughter of Josef Ternbach and Ettel (Ella) née Schwarz. Josef Ternbach was a well-known art restorer at the Kusthistorisches Museum in Vienna, Austria; Ettel Ternbach was a singer and actress. In 1939, the family fled to New York where Josef Ternbach resumed his work. A museum in Queens, New York is named after Mr. Ternbach. Ingeborg Sonn launched a career as an art historian and editor.Austrian Heritage Collectio
Shaare Shalom Congregation Synagogue, Harare, Zimbabwe, Exterior View
No full textDigital imageJay Waronker is an architect and a professor of architecture in the United States, educated at Cornell, Harvard, and the University of Michigan. His paintings and scholarship focus on the synagogues and Jewish architecture of the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa, including synagogues found in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, and Ethiopia
Harare Hebrew Congregation Guild Hall, Harare, Zimbabwe, Exterior View
No full textDigital imageJay Waronker is an architect and a professor of architecture in the United States, educated at Cornell, Harvard, and the University of Michigan. His paintings and scholarship focus on the synagogues and Jewish architecture of the Indian subcontinent and sub-Saharan Africa, including synagogues found in Zimbabwe, South Africa, Kenya, and Ethiopia
