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A study of the groups in Persian Yehud.
No full textBoth Jewish and Christian traditions as well as modern scholarship on the Hebrew Bible have shown great interest in the issue of identity with special focus on the situation of the Restoration period. However, many of the contributions tend to lay their emphasis on the negative side about how the marginalization takes place in the texts of Ezra-Nehemiah (E-N hereafter) and Chronicles, but there is little attention paid to comparing and measuring the complexities of both phenomenon: marginalizing and acceptance, and no previous study has yet dealt with the different groups in E-N and Chronicles so far. This study attempts to bring the focus on the different groups during that period. Based on the archaeological and extra-biblical data, which may help us to reconstruct the social fabric of Persian Yehud, it then zeros in to appreciate how the texts have portrayed different groups and analyzes how the biblical authors establish the identity and identification of selves and others.This study is divided into two parts. Section I works on the historical background of the Persian Period, followed by Section II, which traces the marginalization of those who remained and the elevation of gatekeepers, singers, and the Nethinim.Archaeological data have shown a notable decline of the population from the end of the monarchy to the time of E-N. And there is no evidence of many outsiders swarming into Judah. Therefore the returnees constitute only a minority in Persian Yehud. A study on biblical and other sources implies that the Persian regime shaped and formulated their policy on Yehud for the Empire's own interest. With the support of the central government, the Second Temple as well as its priests and Levites have been elevated, while the remainers are marginalized, discriminated against and accused by the returnees.Meanwhile, three groups emerge for the first time. The Nethinim, who have a foreign origin are considered Israelites and assigned the role of assistants to the priests and Levites to take part in the service of the Temple. Gatekeepers become a sub-military force in Yehud and are responsible for local administration and management of temple property. As for the singers, they substitute the pre-exilic prophets and became messengers bearing the ideology of the ruling class to the people. The latter two groups therefore earn high status and are portrayed by the Chronicler as descendants of the Levites despite their doubtful origin. This enables them to claim the identity of Israelites in the canon.This study demonstrates that in the unique historical background of the Persian Period, the biblical authors of post-exilic historiography to a great extent determine the identity of "foreigners", "Israelites" and "Levites" according to the social reality of animosity between groups, rather than to the often assumed categories of ethnicity such as strict adherence to blood ties and faith.Thesis (Ph.D.)--The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Hong Kong), 2008.School code: 1307
AHC interview with James Renner.
No full textJan. 28, 2008James Renner was born 1951 in New York City, the great grandson of Austrian president Karl Renner. In 1938 James Renner’s parents had emigrated to England and then to the United States. In 2007 Renner published a book about the New York City neighborhoods of Marble Hill, Inwood and Washington Heights, where he lives.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with George Czuczka
No full textJune 5, 2008George Czuczka was born in Vienna on July 3, 1925. In the early 1930s, his family moved to the Karl-Marx-Hof tenement complex in Vienna’s Heiligenstadt District and in 1934 witnessed the February Uprising. George was nine years old when the Austrian army and Fascist paramilitary Heimwehr bombarded the buildings with heavy artillery. Due to their socialist leanings, Czuczka’s parents participated in the relief operations supported by the Quakers and also took part in the resistance against the Austrofascist dictatorship from 1934 to 1938.After the Anschluss, George’s father was arrested during a police operation directed against political Jews and was first imprisoned at Dachau concentration camp and then at Buchenwald for nearly a year. When an American friend sent the family an affidavit, they managed to get the father released. The family emigrated to the USA in 1939.Following World War II, George returned to Europe, where he worked for various denazification commissions and participated in the war crimes trials in Dachau. From 1951 to 1975 he was an editor for Voice of America and subsequently joined the US Foreign Service, among other things as the director of an Amerika Haus and as the American press attaché in Vienna.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with John S. Kafka.
No full textMay 31, 2008John S. Kafka was born 1921 in Linz, Austria. At the age of thirteen he was sent to a boarding school in France, where he studied when World War II broke out, and he was considered to be an enemy alien. In 1940 John Kafka immigrated to the US. He worked in many different jobs and studied at night, acquiring an undergraduate degree in psychology. 1944-1946 he worked as a rehabilitation counselor for the American Army, and later on excelled in his career as a well known psychoanalyst, publishing numerous books. John Kafka settled in Bethesda, MD.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Edith Hausknecht
No full textAugust 18, 2008Edith Hausknecht, née Schwed was born 1907 in Vienna, Austria. Her father, who had served in WWI and had lost a leg on the Russian front, was supported by the government. After she finished high school she got a job in a big textile factory. In 1936 she got married. As soon as the Nazis occupied Austria, she and her husband both lost their jobs. Edith Hausknecht had an uncle in America, who helped her and her family to arrange all necessary papers for the immigration to the US. They left via the Netherlands to New York. She had to try herself in many different jobs, but eventually, she and her husband opened a store on 7th Avenue and worked there for 36 years until their retirement.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Fred Deutsch
No full textAugust 29, 2008Fred (Fritz) Deutsch was born 1924 in Vienna, Austria, growing up in the 2nd District (Rotensterngasse), where his father had a small hardware store. His mother was a housewife. In 1938, Deutsch and his parents escaped illegally to Galatz (Galaţi, Romania) and then on an old Greek freighter to Palestine. He stayed in Israel until 1954, and then immigrated to the USA, settling in Brooklyn, NY.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Marianne Liepman.
No full textJanuary 22, 2008Marianne Liepman née Fischer was born on May 31, 1927 in Vienna, Austria, where she grew up in Waehring, Vienna’s 18th district. In 1938 she witnessed the Gestapo arresting her father at home. He was released after 6 months, and the family left Vienna within three days for Shanghai (China). Marianne Fischer stayed in Shanghai’s Hongkew district (Hongkou Qu), where she was part of the Tikvah (“Hope”) youth organization. In 1947 she immigrated to the United States, settling eventually in San Francisco, CA.Austrian Heritage CollectionThe interview was made possible through a grant of the National Fund of the Republic of Austri
AHC interview with Erika Ostrovsky.
No full textJanuary 16, 2008Erika Ostrovsky was born on May 30, 1926 in Vienna, Austria as Erika Spielberg. She grew up in Vienna’s 7th district (Zollergasse 5). Her earliest childhood memories reach back to Austria’s civil war in 1934. After the Anschluss her father was forced to scrub the street. In early 1939 the family escaped to Myto (Czech Republic), the to Paris (France) and finally, in August 1939 to the United States. Erika Ostrovsky eventually settled in San Francisco, CA. Her brother, Peter Spielberg (AHC 3623) settled in New York.Austrian Heritage CollectionThe interview was made possible through a grant of the National Fund of the Republic of Austri
AHC interview with Sophie Feldbau.
No full textSophie Feldbau was born as Sofie Knoll on August 2, 1914, in Vienna, Austria, where she lived in the 9th District (Maria Theresien Strasse 9). She studied at the Medical School of the University of Vienna and worked as physician in Vienna. She was a member of Austria’s Social Democratic Party SPÖ. After the “Anschluss”, she was forced to clean toilets and wash cars in Vienna. She immigrated to the United States via England and eventually settled in Boca Raton, FL.Austrian Heritage Collectio
Memories of Anne Rosenberg Fischer.
No full textMemorial service for Anne Fischer at the Congregation Or Ami in Richmond, VA, on May 25, 2008. The sermon by Rabbi Bruce Kahn was followed by speeches of her children, George Fischer and Eva Fischer Marx, her grandchildren and othersSee the LBI Anne Fischer Collection, AR 10519digitize