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AHC interview with John R. Benfield.
No full text0:00:24-0:03:32 Overview of his life0:03:43-0:05:36 Vienna before the “Anschluss”0:05:30-0:08:37 The “Anschluss” and its consequences0:08:57-0:09:54 Emigration to the USA0:10:12-0:13:27 Arrival and adaption in the USA0:13:34-0:18:57; 0:41:35-0:46:01 Role of religion0:19:43-0:25:28; 0:39:44-0:41:30 Social environment in the USA, Americanization0:25:31-0:28:08 How the Nazis and the Shoah affected family history0:28:29-0:31:16 “Love-Hate-Relationship” with Austria0:31:18-0:32:32 Political situation of Austria and the USA today0:32:47-0:35:47 Participating in the Maccabi Games in Vienna 20110:35:54-0:37:33 Hakoah and his aunt Hedy Bienenfeld0:46:54-0:48:11 Thoughts on Israel0:48:16-0:52:35 Personal involvement and interest in memorial projects and the history of immigrantsOctober 16, 2017John Richard Benfield was born as Hans Bienenfeld on June 24, 1931 in Vienna, Austria and grew up in a suburban area that then belonged to the 21st district (today 22nd district). He lived in an apartment in Erzherzog-Karl-Straße with his parents, the physician Richard Bienenfeld (born 9/12/1900 in Vienna) and Charlotte (Lola née Glatter) Bienenfeld (born 2/3/1899 in Czernowitz); they also had a maid. Soon after the “Anschluss” the family left Austria for the Netherlands, where Charlotte Bienenfeld’s twin-sister Gisa and her husband Gyula Fisch lived. They took the Holland-America Line’s S.S. Statendam from Rotterdam to New York, where they arrived in July 1938.After their arrival, the family shared a one-bedroom apartment in the Washington Heights neighborhood with the befriended Jewish family Figur, also from Vienna. The Bienenfelds changed their name to Benfield on 06/07/1940 as part of their quest to become American citizens. John Richard Benfield attended Bronx high school of Science, went to Columbia University and earned his doctor of medicine-degree at the University of Chicago. He became a thoracic surgeon and in 1967 a professor of surgery at the University of California in Los Angeles. In 1963, he married Joyce Cohler, who died in 2003. The couple had three children and seven grandchildren. In 2011 John Benfield visited Austria to swim for the American team at the Maccabi Games in Vienna. He also reclaimed his Austrian citizenship.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Edith Lowy.
No full textPart 1:0:00:19 - 0:05:05; 1:08:18-1:09:09 Growing up in Vienna before the "Anschluss"0:04:54-0:07:01; 1:17:17-1:19:07; 1:21:30-1:23:56; 2:08:32-2:10:29 Impacts of antisemitism after the "Anschluss"0:07:01-0:15:57; 1:28:42-1:29:27 Memories of her father and his deportation to Nisko in 19390:15:59-0:21:08; 1:29:30-1:31:34 Deportation to the concentration camp Theresienstadt in October 1942, arrival and conditions there0:21:10-0:22:40; 1:35:25-1:37:09 Deportation to the concentration camp Auschwitz-Birkenau in May 1944 and further to the concentration camp Stutthof0:22:44-0:27:27 Forced labor on a farm for harvest0:27:23-0:29:45 Getting back to Stutthof in winter 1945, forced to dig trenches0:29:46-0:34:34; 1:44:40-1:49:48 Death march in January 1945 and being sent to the Danzig-Burggraben concentration camp0:34:35-0:39:51 Memories of the Russians and the liberation0:39:52-0:46:03; 1:53:48-1:56:06; 2:07:16-2:08:31 Going back to Vienna and then to the DP camp in Deggendorf after the war0:46:07 -0:48:15; 2:11:20-2:19:01 Emigration process to the USA in May 19460:48:28-0:06:18; 0:59:43-1:02:26 Professional life of herself and her husband Louis Lowy in the USA0:56:19-0:59:43 Visits to Vienna1:02:43-1:06:30; 1:31:35-1:35:22 Memories of her grandparents Emanuel Jedlinsky (paternal grandfather) and Jeanette Rosalie Kempler (maternal grandmother), who survived Theresienstadt1:06:38-1:08:11 Father's and mother's professional life1:09:15-1:16:06 Role of religion1:19:32-1:21:29 Leo Baeck in Theresienstadt1:24:20-1:26:01 Kristallnacht and aftermath: a "gradual descent into hell"1:26:02-1:27:51; 1:37:11-1:38:28 Reflections on the way of coping with her own history1:38:33-1:43:56 Memories of her mother and the importance of staying together with her during the Holocaust1:49:52-1:51:58 Awareness of the Shoah1:55:05-2:03:12 Memories of her husband, Louis Lowy2:03:13-2:07:08 Visit to Theresienstadt2:19:01-2:21:35 Arriving in Boston2:21:39-2:25:50 First impressions of the United States2:25:51-2:32:35 Adjustment to the USA, citizenship and Austrian organizations2:32:46-2:34:06 Thoughts on Israel2:34:08-2:41:46 Connections to and thoughts about Austria2:41:51-2:43:45 Thoughts on memorial projects2:44:08-2:45:11 Thoughts on Donald Trump’s presidency---Follow-up interview with Anna Jungmayr:0:00:35-0:05:41 Performing 'Maria Stuart' by Friedrich Schiller in Theresienstadt0:05:41-0:11:59, 0:28:25-0:30:14 “Jugendheim” / illegal teaching0:13:41-0:17:11, 0:25:36-0:27:55 Myth of Theresienstadt0:17:07-0:20:44 Conditions in Theresienstadt0:20:47-0:25:36 Immediate post-war situation / displaced persons0:31:47-0:32:54 Edith Lowy’s drawings from Theresienstadt0:33:15-0:42:05 Working at the Window Shop in Cambridge, MAOctober 25, 2017 and January 16, 2018A book about Edith Lowy’s husband by Lorrie Greenhouse Gardella, The life and thought of Louis Lowy : social work through the Holocaust / Syracuse, N.Y. : Syracuse University Press, 2011, is available in the YIVO Library, call number 000132073.Edith, née Jedlinsky Lowy was born on February 9th, 1926 in Vienna, Austria, where she grew up in the 9th district in an apartment together with her father Joseph Jedlinsky, her mother Hilda, née Kempler and her maternal grandmother Jeanette Rosalie Kempler. Her mother was a master dress maker who had learned her trade at the Wiener Werkstaette. Edith Lowy went to a Montessori Kindergarten, to elementary school and to gymnasium (high school) until 1938, when she had to change to a Jewish school. Her father was deported from Vienna with the first transport to the Nisko “reservation” on October 20th, 1939. After their apartment was confiscated, Edith Lowy, her mother and her grandmother moved to her mother’s sister’s place, also in the 9th district.After being forced to move one more time to another place in Vienna, the four of them were deported in October 1942 to the Theresienstadt concentration camp. There, Edith Lowy stayed in a section for young people and met her future husband, Louis Lowy. He secretly taught English to the young detainees in the building’s attic and acted out the Schiller-drama “Maria Stuart” with them. In May 1944 Edith and her mother were deported to Auschwitz-Birkenau and in August 1944 to Stutthof. From there they were sent to a farm, forced to work for the harvest. Her mother eventually had to sew for the owner of the farm. After being sent back to Stutthof, where the two of them had to dig trenches, they were sent on a death march in January 1945. When they were not able to walk further they were sent to the Danzig-Burggraben concentration camp, where they both got typhoid. Soon after that, the camp was liberated by the Russians. Edith Lowy and her mother were taken to Danzig on the 21st of March where they stayed until the war was over, on May 8th 1945.After the end of the war, Edith and her mother came back to Vienna via Bratislava, but left again soon to the DP camp in Deggendorf, which was directed by Louis Lowy, whom Edith married there in December 1945. He managed to get papers for many inmates to emigrate to Palestine and the USA. Edith Lowy immigrated with him in May 1946 via Hamburg to New York on a liberty ship. Her mother had already gone there, one ship ahead. Soon after their arrival they went to Boston to live with her mother’s sister in law. Edith Lowy got a job in a factory and then worked for a few stores in Boston, including “The Window Shop”. Later, she got a degree in social work. Her husband graduated from Harvard School of social work, and due to his work they travelled several times to Europe, visiting also Vienna and the former concentration camp Theresienstadt. They had two children. Louis Lowy died in 1991, Edith Lowy stayed in Boston after his death.Austrian Heritage Collectio
[The life and political views of her grandfather Hermann Loeb : dedicated with love to his granddaughter Renate Simon] /
No full textMemoirs of the watchmaker Hermann Loeb (1874-1948), describing his life as an active socialist (social democrat) and Zionist; his encounters with German anti-Semitism; his service in WW I; his experiences during Kristallnacht and the concentration camp Theresienstadt; and finally his immigration to the US.Also included are clippings referring to Hermann Loeb from the German press in Giessen, Frankfurt and Butzbach; 2011-2013.The watchmaker Hermann Löb was born in 1874 in the town of Wohnbach in Hesse, Germany. His father was a cattle dealer. Growing up and later he lived in Friedberg, in Gelnhausen, in Mannheim, in Freiburg i/Br. and in Gembloux (Belgium), before opening his own business and settling in Butzbach, Hesse, where he got married in 1899 to Paula née Heumann. The couple had one daughter, Charlotte. Paula Löb died in 1938 as a result of injuries sustained during Kristallnacht. After surviving the Holocaust in Theresienstadt, Hermann Loeb joined his daughter Charlotte, her husband, the physician Dr. Leopold Simon and their daughter Renate (later Dr. Claudia R. Stool) in Cincinnati, Ohio, where he died in 1948
AHC interview with Alexander Stolzberg.
No full textMarch 13, 20170:00:00-0:06:50 short summary of life story0:06:50-0:08:00 grandparents0:08:00-0:08:50 grandparent's descent0:08:50-0:09:40 parents’ occupation0:09:40-0:11:05 religion0:11:05-0:11:45 Hebrew/Yiddish spoken in the family0:11:45-0:12:45 location of home in Vienna0:12:45-0:13:50 neighborhood0:13:50-0:15:15 parental friends (were they mainly Jewish?)0:15:15-0:16:05 description of home0:16:05-0:17:00 schools attended0:17:00-0:19:40 the day of the Anschluss, arrest of father0:19:40-0:20:50 fleeing Austria for Yugoslavia0:20:50-0:22:50 Germans invade Yugoslavia in 1941; flight to Hungary0:22:50-0:26:15 Belgrade and Subotica0:26:15-0:31:45 internment camp Kistarcsa, Raoul Wallenberg, Red Cross camp0:31:45-0:32:35 liberation0:32:35-0:34:15 jail in Subotica0:34:15-0:36:15 life in the Red Cross home0:36:15-0:37:15 the day of liberation0:37:15-0:41:30 liberation of Auschwitz, mother searches for Alexander and his brother0:41:30-0:44:35 London0:44:35-0:47:05 mother's search for Alexander and his brother; Hias0:47:05-0:50:00 life in London0:50:00-0:51:30 immigration to US0:51:30-56:50 life in New York56:50-57:30 November pogrom57:30-1:00:00 antisemitism after the war1:01:00-1:03:30 work in London1:03:30-1:07:15 Israel1:07:15-1:10:00 Israeli-Palestinian conflict1:10:00-1:11:15 remaining connections to Austria1:11:15-1:12:35 revisiting Austria1:12:35-1:13:45 German language1:13:45-1:14:40 children1:14:40 present political situation and final statementAlexander Stolzberg was born in 1934 in Vienna, Austria. He lived with his parents and his brother in an apartment building like many others in Vienna’s 2nd District; their home was directly above the father’s grocery store in Glockengasse. Shortly after the “Anschluss” Alexander’s father died, but the family stayed in Vienna until 1940. At that point they decided that it was necessary to leave Austria, and they fled illegally to Yugoslavia. After staying with relatives for a while, the Stolzbergs went on to Belgrade, where they lived for six months. When the Germans attacked, the family fled to Hungary, where they lived in Hungarian occupied Subotica. In 1944 they were arrested and sent to the internment camp Kistarcsa close to Budapest. After approximately four weeks, Alexander and his brother got the chance to live in a Red Cross home. This was arranged for them by Raoul Wallenberg, who saved tens of thousands of Jews in Nazi-occupied Hungary. The two brothers stayed in the Red Cross home until the Russian army liberated Budapest, and they were freed. Their mother was deported to Auschwitz, where she survived. She returned to post-war Hungary to look for her sons and found them outside of Budapest, where they had been taken care of by the organization Hias. The Stolzbergs stayed in Budapest until the middle of 1946, when relatives in London took Alexander and his brother out of Hungary. They stayed in London for a couple of years, before Alexander got a visa for the United States, where he went to College and got a government job.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Eric Ungar.
No full text0:00:25-0:03:22 School years in Vienna0:03:24-0:05:09, 0:41:16-0:45:27 Consequences of the “Anschluss” for the family0:05:34-0:08:09 Getting documents for the emigration and leaving Vienna0:08:14-0:10:45 Emigration from Vienna to St. Louis and arrival there0:10:48-0:12:17 Education in St. Louis0:12:17-0:15:34 Time in the military0:15:35-0:17:45 Career0:17:37-0:21:47 Paternal and maternal grandparents0:22:25-0:26:12 Parents’ professional life0:26:15-0:29:15 Parental home in Vienna and in the USA0:30:43-0:33:43 Role of religion0:39:00-0:41:13 Anti-Semitism after the “Anschluss”0:47:22-0:48:31, 0:53:55-0:55:18 Contact with family members after the emigration 0:48:40-0:49:50 Anti-Semitism in the American army0:49:56-0:53:34 Sentiments towards the German population during his time in the army0:55:46-0:56:28 Attitude towards the State of Israel0:57:07-1:00:13 Connections to Austria today1:00:19-1:02:27 Austria’s way of dealing with its past1:02:33-1:03:22 Political situation in America today1:03:26-1:06:44 Children’s and grandchildren’s relation to their Austrian heritageOctober 26, 2017Eric Ungar was born on November 12, 1926 in Vienna, Austria, where he grew up in the second district. He lived with his parents (Sabina née Schlesinger and Isidor Ungar), his younger brother Fritz Carl Ungar (born on April 3, 1931) and a maid in an apartment on Novaragasse 38. He went to elementary school and high school in Vienna until the “Anschluss” when he had to change to a middle school and eventually quit going to school. Shortly before their emigration, the family moved to an apartment on Fleischmarkt in the 1st district, close to Isidor Ungar’s department store, because he believed it to be safer in an area with fewer Jews.The family got an affidavit from a stranger, whom Hilde Feuerstein (Eric Ungar’s maternal aunt) in the United States had met at the synagogue. The family managed to go to Holland by train, just shortly before they would have had to show up at an “Umschlagplatz”. On October 23, 1939 they went to New York on the ship "Westernland", from the Holland-America line, and they arrived on November 5, 1939. From New York they took a train to St. Louis, Missouri.Eric Ungar continued his education in St. Louis and got a scholarship for the Washington University in St. Louis, where he studied for one year before he voluntarily joined the military when he was 18 years old. During his time in the army he was stationed in Belgium and Germany for about three years and worked on the repatriation of American soldiers. After he graduated from Washington University and married in 1951, he worked and continued his studies in Albuquerque until 1953 before he got his doctorate from New York University in 1958. He then settled in Newton, MA.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Mary-Ann Reiss.
No full textDecember 11, 2017Kurt Werner Reiss (Mary-Ann Reiss's husband)0:00:20-0:02:30, 0:28:18-0:30:42 - Childhood and memories of the “Anschluss”0:02:30-0:07:00 - Consequences of the “Anschluss” on the family0:07:00-0:09:34, 0:43:51-0:47:03, 1:08:20-1:09:08 - Emigration to Brussels and further to the United States (and preparations to do so)0:09:32-0:11:58 - Arrival in the USA and move to Philadelphia0:12:00-0:16:09 - Life in the United States (schooling, career, founding a family)0:16:14-0:17:55 - Emigration and deportation of other family members0:19:31-0:20:23 - Relationship to paternal and maternal grandparents0:20:23-0:21:07 - Memories of her father after the “Anschluss”0:21:16-0:24:21 - Relatives’ professions (grandparents, aunts, uncles)0:24:22-0:25:16 - Languages spoken at home0:25:18-0:27:44 - Role of religion in her life and family0:30:47-0:33:23 - Education and interests of her parents0:34:11-0:36:14 - Political awareness before the “Anschluss”0:36:16-0:40:11 - Effects of the “Anschlus” on daily life / anti-Semitism0:40:18-0:43:04 - Lele-Bondi-Heim0:47:49-0:50:18 – Memories of Brussels0:50:55-0:53:56 – First years in the United States0:54:26-0:55:35, 0:56:34-0:58:08 – Going back to Austria after emigrating to the United States0:58:15-0:59:52 – Speaking German1:00:09-1:01:41 – Austria’s dealing with its NS-past1:01:47-1:03:25 – Political situation in Austria, Germany and the United States todayMary-Ann (Marianne ) Reiss née Löwy was born on March, 9th 1928 in Vienna and grew up in Baden bei Wien, where she lived in an apartment with her parents. Her mother was an art-historian and her father was an engineer. Soon after the “Anschluss”, Mary-Ann Reiss was expelled from school in Baden and was sent to the Lele-Bondi-Heim in the second district of Vienna, a Jewish girls’ boarding school. Two days before “Kristallnacht” her family was forced to move from their apartment. When the family acquired visas for Peru, they left for Brussels on February, 2nd 1939 and managed to extend their stay until the end of March 1940. By then, they had visas for the United States and went to St. Nazaire (France) to take a ship to New York, where they arrived in April 1940. Soon after their arrival they moved to Philadelphia, where Mary Ann’s father found a job at the Baldwin Locomotive Works. She went to the Friend’s Select school in Philadelphia and continued her education at Temple University, Villanova University and the University of Pennsylvania. She worked as a teacher for foreign languages and was a professor at Westchester University, settling together with her husband near Philadelphia.Austrian Heritage Collectio
AHC interview with Stephen Winter.
No full textOctober 26, 2017Bettina Winter (Stephen Winter's wife)0:20-5:45 Memories of growing up in Vienna5:46-6:55 First encounter with Nazis6:55-8:55; 1:46:33-1:47:42 Attending school in Vienna8:56-10:54; 1:47:45-1:49:38 Impact of the “Anschluss”10:55-17:38 Leaving Vienna by train to Pilsen, Czechoslovakia20:42-22:43 Receiving a visa for the US22:44-23:47 Jewish identity23:49-26:36 Staying in Czechoslovakia27:39-35:26 From Prague to Zurich 35:27-39:39 Traveling per train form Zurich to Genoa, Italy39:40-52:06; 1:52:10-1:52:59 Traveling on the ship Conte di Savoia via Cannes and Gibraltar to New York52:07-56:16 Staying with Mr. Baumberger in Reading, PA56:25-1:02:33 Pennsylvanian Dutch1:02:34-1:06:30 School in the US1:06:50-1:17:19; 1:26:24-1:28:32 Albright College1:17:20-1:26:23 Serving in the Army1:28:37-1:33:40 Columbia University and life in NYC1:34:57-1:37:35 Grandparents, Leopold and Rosa Heiss Winter; Samuel and Joesphine (née Spitz) Federmann1:37:37-1:38:45 Mother Anna Winter, née Federmann1:39:28-1:41:56; 1:44:39-1:46:28; 2:12:57-2:16:00 Religion1:41:59-1:44:37 Vienna’s 9th district1:49:39- 1:50:41; 1:54:27-2:02:02 Going back to Austria and visiting former apartment1:50:42-1:52:05 Attitude towards Zionism2:02:03-2:10:56 Relations to AustriaStephen (Stefan) S. Winter was born on February 27, 1926 in Vienna, Austria. He grew up with his parents (Max Winter and Anna née Federmann), his older sister and a nanny in an apartment building in Loeblichgasse 6, in Vienna’s ninth district. He attended Realgymnasium Schottenbastei until early summer 1938. He left Vienna in August 1938 for Pilsen, Czechoslovakia (today Plzeň, Czech Republic), where his uncle was living. Shortly after, his parents joined him in Czechoslovakia, where they lived with relatives for a few months. In January 1939 the family went via Prague and Zurich to Genoa and from there on the ship Conte de Savoia to New York. They arrived in early February and then headed to Reading, Pennsylvania, to live with a family named Baumberger, who had provided US visas for them. Stephen attended high school in Reading, and then went to Albright College. In September 1946 he was drafted into the army in Maryland and was discharged in 1947. Afterwards he got his bachelor's degree at Albright College and a PhD at Columbia University. In addition, he did Post Doc Studies at Harvard University and ultimately became professor and chairman at Tufts University.Austrian Heritage Collectio
I would like the whole world to know : how, and why my dear parents died.
No full textRichly illustrated booklet in memory of the author's parents.Charles Leigh was born in Berlin in 1926 as Karlheinz Liebenau. He left for England with the help of 'Kindertransport' in 1939.Copies of the manuscript were sent to United States Holocaust Memorial Museum; Yad Vashem, Jerusalem; Judisches Museum Berlin; Wiener Library; and The Jewish Museum, London
History of the Marks and Bush families : A story from the Lower East Side.
No full textThe genealogy of the author's paternal great-great grandparents, Ephraim Marks and Flora Bush, exploring these two German-speaking, Prussian Jewish families and the lives they made in the United States: reviewing the Marks family, beginning with Ephraim and Minna in Hohensalza, Prussia (today Inowrocław, Poland) and their children Ephraim, Gerson and Sarah; and the Bush family, beginning with Isaac and Hannah in Posen and their children, Lena, Flora, Hannah and Pauline.Carla Mercad
In memoriam Robert Goldschmidt : Born in Berlin 1868 - Perished in Treblinka October 1942 /
No full textThe bulk of the manuscript is dedicated to the letters written by Robert (“Bob”) Goldschmidt between his wife’s sudden death in August of 1941 and his deportation in May of 1942. Also included is a short biography of Robert Goldschmidt and the Goldschmidt family.Robert Goldschmidt was born in Berlin, June 10th 1868, but grew up mainly in Brussels, Belgium. He studied at an agriculture college, in order to manage properties he was to inherit from his mother's relatives in Bohemia and Moravia. In 1900 he married a distant relative, Daisy von Goldschmidt in Vienna, Austria. The couple and their sons Arthur, Erich, Ernst, Nicholas, and René lived in an estate in Taikowitz, in Moravia (today Tavìkovice, Czech Republic). In 1941, Daisy died under the hardship of the German occupation, and in 1942 Robert Goldschmidt was deported to Treblinka, where he perished.Taikowitz, Moravia (Tavìkovice, Czech Republic