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Il tirocinio universitario e post-universitario alla Sapienza-Università di Roma: valutazione degli esiti mediante il giudizio degli utenti.
No full textIl lavoro è articolato in tre parti, ha lo scopo di valutare la formazione al lavoro definita come: la formazione orientata a completare, integrare e avviare processi di acquisizione di competenze e di conoscenze professionalizzanti all’interno e alla fine del percorso universitario. Questo è il tema della presente trattazione. Nella prima parte, costituita dal primo e dal secondo capitolo, si è preso in considerazione la convergenza tra due sistemi formativi, quello universitario e quello professionale, alla luce della normativa vigente. Nella seconda parte, costituita dal terzo capitolo, si è messo a punto il disegno della ricerca che ha esplorato gli elementi necessari per la costruzione dello strumento di rilevazione, le relazioni tra le diverse aree d’indagine e una prima descrizione del campione. Nella terza e ultima parte, composta dal quarto capitolo, si è tracciato, quindi, l’identikit dei tirocinanti per facoltà, per tipologia di tirocinio aziendale e per tipologia di lavoratore in entrata nel mondo del lavoro. Successivamente, sfruttando gli strumenti dell’analisi multivariata, si è elaborato un modello di regressione in grado di evidenziare i principali fattori che favoriscono il raggiungimento dei risultati, tentando in ultimo l’elaborazione di alcune proposte e strumenti utili al fine di implementare la discussione legata alle dinamiche proprie della formazione
Genealogia del paradigma sicuritario. Migrazioni e sicurezza.
No full textLa ricerca ha avuto come obiettivo quello di investigare la nascita e lo sviluppo del paradigma sicuritario sull’immigrazione in Italia, attraverso un raffronto tra l'analisi comparativa delle leggi italiane sull’immigrazione e l'analisi dei discorsi parlamentari che hanno accompagnato il dibattito e l'approvazione delle medesime leggi.
L'intento è stato quello di ricostruire la genealogia del paradigma sicuritario in relazione alla questione migratoria, attraverso l'osservazione dei rapporti che intercorrono tra produzione normativa e produzione discorsiva sull'immigrazione come fenomeno da controllare e sull'immigrato come oggetto su cui si esercitano specifici saperi e poteri.
A partire dagli studi foucaultiani sulla governamentalità e la nascita della biopolitica, si è provato a definire il rapporto che intercorre tra neoliberalismo e le strategie di governance dei flussi migratori, osservando come la questione migratoria si ponga come corollario delle trasformazioni sicuritarie che accompagnano lo sviluppo del neoliberalismo come specifica forma di governo.
Si è cercato di definire come tanto le strutture oggettive (leggi, emendamenti, decreti attuativi), quanto le strutture "cognitive" dei discorsi concorrano a definire la figura dell'immigrato e in che misura i costrutti sociali che ne derivano, a loro volta, fungano da legittimazione per specifiche strategie politiche di inclusione differenziale, di criminalizzazione e di controllo sociale.
Per l’analisi dei discorsi parlamentari, si è scelto di impiegare la Critical Discourse Analysis, al fine di rintracciare, nelle differenti strategie discorsive degli attori, quella concatenazione tra “costrutti”, “parole d’ordine” e “rappresentazioni” che sono è alla base della costruzione concettuale tanto del fenomeno migratorio, quanto degli attori collettivi coinvolti.
Inoltre, si è provato a saggiare alcune ipotesi in merito al divenire del paradigma sicuritario in relazione allo sviluppo del neoliberalismo e, sulla base dei risultati dell’indagine, si è avanzata l’ipotesi in base alla quale alcune caratteristiche salienti dei processi di governance dei flussi migratori possano essere rinvenute nelle forme e nelle modalità specifiche attraverso cui si attua l’esercizio del governo e si definisce il rapporto tra governanti e governati nelle democrazie contemporanee. Quindi, si è cercato di stabilire in quale misura le strategie sicuritarie di controllo dell’immigrazione possano essere considerati, per dirla con Mauss, un “fatto sociale totale”, ovvero un oggetto o un punto d’osservazione privilegiato, a partire dal quale poter leggere le trasformazioni in atto
Implant-abutment interface:bacterial leakage and microgap formation in two different type of Implant connections
No full textAim
The aim of this study is to evaluate, both in vitro and in vivo, two different types of implant-abutment connections: screwed connection and cemented connection, analyzing the permeability of the IAI to bacterial colonization and the stability to chewing forces.
Materials and Methods
In this study were compared two different types of implant-abutment connections: internal hexagon screwed connection (Winsix®, BioSAF IN, Ancona, Italy ) Group 1; and internal hexagon cemented-conical connection (Bone System®, Milano, Italy) Group 2. Group 1 and Group 2 were compared on three levels: impermeability to bacterial penetration an in vitro study, resistance to loading for 5 years a simulated computer model, type of peri-implant bacterial colonization and health of peri-implant soft tissues around the implant for 2 year in an in vivo study.
Results
The results had showed the lower stability to the screwed implant-abutment connection than the cemented implant-abutment connection both for the permeability to the bacterial colonization than for the stability to the chewing forces.
Conclusion
Also if the implants long-term failures are consequences of multi-factorial elements the choice of an adequate implant system is fundamental for the long-term success. Also the choice of connection system is very important and would be preferable to choose implants with cemented connection instead of implants with screwed connection
POLITICHE DI CONTRASTO ALLA POVERTA': UN'ANALISI DEGLI EFFETTI ECONOMICI E DELLE RIPERCUSSIONI SOCIALI. IL CASO DI STUDIO DELLA BOLSA FAMILIA IN BRASILE
No full textThe present work reports the first results of a research carried out in the city of Rio de Janeiro, in eight different favelas. The research, conducted in collaboration with the UERJ (Universidade do Estado de Rio de Janeiro), began in 2012, ended in April 2014. The objective of this research is to make an evaluation on the program Bolsa Famìlia, reading the objective data, such as registration, level of education, children in school; with subjective data, or rather the thought of those who receive the Bolsa Famìlia and what impact the program has on Brazilian society. With the worsening of the economic crisis around the world ever more often you hear of policies to combat poverty, whether it is better for a universal income all or a conditional income, and what requirement is put right at the base: carry out a job with a low salary, have a low income, have children. There are many questions and many are income support schemes in different countries of the world. All have their own philosophy and several studies think it is the best one rather than another, as is possible to see from the work of Van Pareijs, Suplicy, Atkinson, etc. But an author has captured a lot of our attention, French sociologist Castel, that talking about policies to combat poverty makes a reflection on the concept of exclusion, declaring that the real problem are not the policies but the extension of the concept of exclusion. Instead of solving the situation from the beginning, you continue to promote policies ad hoc, or “emergency policies" destined to a target so wide of population that it is unlikely to allow a substantial success of these policies.
The problem is not in the politics of intervention, which, however, improve minimally the condition of the people, but the decision not to act on the causes that generate exclusion, acting only on the consequences.
This is the thesis we will try to evaluate on the Bolsa Famìlia program, through a comparison with people who receive and do not receive. I will demonstrate how the Bolsa Famìlia have an impact at the same time in the present and in the future, treating the poor as not excluded but as people who have a subjectivity and restoring dignity.Federação da Indústrias do Rio de Janeir
From an history of crises to and historiography of crisis: the italian psychology's case study
No full textAt the end of the nineteenth century, when psychology emerged as an autonomous science, some thinkers started to declare its crisis. Ever since then the topic of crisis has continuously been present in history and historiography of psychology. In fact, recently some historians have actualized the theme of crisis without, however, considering the Italian contribution. This study therefore focuses on the theme of crisis and considers Italy as a case study. Starting with the comparison between international and national secondary literature on the topic, I propose to consider crisis as a multidimensional category. Accordingly, I suggest three different levels, and related indicators, indispensable for the analysis of crisis. The first level is investigated through the primary literature on the theme which, subsequently, helps us to understand how 'historical actors' perceived the crisis at their time. Combining quantitative and qualitative approaches, the second level of my analysis focuses on the external history and looks at the transformation of academic positions in psychology. Scrutinizing changes in the number of academic positions helps us to find out whether or not there was a decline in the evolution of psychology; the denominations of positions help us to understand how psychology was co-shaped by larger course of socio-political events. The third level of my investigation explores the internal changes and shifts in the structure of psychology. Starting from four hermeneutical categories (general psychology, applied psychology, experimental psychology and psychotechnic), the multidimensional scaling (MDS) method is applied to the journal article titles which appeared from 1905 to 1969 in Rivista di psicologia are investigated.
The combination of the three levels of analysis helps us to individuate significant features of crisis. Moreover this approach underlines the importance of the uses of crisis as historiographical category enabling historians to categorically analyze the complexity of history.Borsa di studio per Dottorato di Ricerc
Metodologie, tecniche e applicazioni
No full textThis research attempts to test and compare the different stereoscopic techniques of representation by applying them into the field of architecture and the way it communicates, while defining which the most appropriate one is.
The investigation is done by identifying the existing state of the art technologies used in cinematography and the gaming industry, trying to apply their techniques in architectural visualisation.
Different stereoscopic methods will be compared to each other in order to explore the benefits and the limitations that each method can offer.
This research aims to create an interactive virtual environment, wich makes it possible for end users to freely explore architectural space. In order to achieve this goal, advanced Game Engine software will be used, capable of generating real-time stereoscopic contenent with very high quality graphics and without any relevant impact on general software’s performance.
At the same time, head-tracking technology is proposed to serve as a non-conventional Human Interface Device for a more natural data input and communication between the computer and its operator.Una tecnologia in continua evoluzione permette oggi di creare, senza grandi difficoltà, immagini e video digitali visualizzabili in tre dimensioni, attraverso un procedimento semplice che sfrutta i principi di funzionamento della visione umana.
Questa ricerca si propone di confrontare tra di loro diverse tecniche di rappresentazione
stereoscopica realizzando sperimentazioni concrete applicate all’ambito della visualizzazione e comunicazione dell’architettura, col fine di trovare quella giudicata più idonea.
La prima fase della ricerca consiste in un approfondito studio dello stato dell’arte e della tecnica a livello nazionale e soprattutto internazionale. Le ultime tecnologie sviluppate, oggi vengono utilizzate per lo più nel mondo della cinematografia, dell’intrattenimento, e recentemente anche in quello dei videogiochi, aumentandone il grado di immersività.
Ciò che si propone di fare in questo lavoro è cercare di trasferire quel grado di immersività alla comunicazione visiva architettonica, attraverso la definizione di una metodologia con la quale applicare il concetto teorico di “how to” del mondo cinematografico e del mondo gaming a quello
dell’architettura.
Una volta che il quadro delle conoscenze è stato meglio definito, si affronta lo studio e la catalogazione delle singole tecniche stereoscopiche, evidenziando i pregi e i limiti di ognuna.
Segue un’ultima fase di sperimentazione che vede:
1) la creazione di immagini statiche e video sequenze in ambiente 3D;
2) la creazione di ambienti architettonici virtuali interattivi e stereoscopici.
Il primo punto ha come finalità la creazione di immagini statiche (render) e video sequenze visualizzabili in tre dimensioni partendo dai più diffusi programmi di modellazione e computer grafica usati oggi nel campo dell’architettura. Particolare interesse presenta la possibilità di usufruire, dove possibile, di programmi Open Source del settore. Fondamentale è stata la
consultazione dell’ambiente web, dove il confronto con vari CG Artists ha messo in risalto e nello stesso tempo risolto problematiche incontrate ed affrontate durante questo lavoro.
Il secondo punto si concentra su un argomento molto importante ai fini della ricerca:
la creazione di modelli virtuali real-time che permettono all’utente una navigazione libera e priva di vincoli, affiancata dalla visualizzazione stereoscopica. L’esperienza d’esplorazione e comunicazione dell’architettura si svolge in tempo reale sfruttando i motori grafici utilizzati nella realizzazione di videogiochi per garantire un senso di maggiore immersività e realismo.
La fase finale della ricerca è dedicata alla sperimentazione e all’applicazione delle tecniche sopracitate su un caso di studio architettonico.
Il tema scelto: “Monumento al Milite Ignoto - Baghdad” dell’architetto udinese Marcello D’Olivo,è stato selezionato prendendo in considerazione caratteristiche e linguaggi architettonici di autori significativi del panorama italiano della seconda metà del XX secolo
Effetti dell'esperienza sullo sviluppo del comportamento sociale nei chirotteri antropofili
No full textThis study aims at clarifying the mechanisms underlying the formation and maintenance of
stable social units in bats (Chiroptera), a characteristic shared by most species of this group of
mammals, by investigating the effects of the early social environment, i.e. pursuing the
hypothesis that imprinting-like influences on the development of social behaviour exist and
may have a profound impact on the social lives of bats.
First I present an overview on bats' social behaviour and systems: these mammals comprise a
high number of species and thus constitute an excellent group for testing general hypotheses
about evolution and development of social behaviour. Bat social systems in fact range from
solitary species to others aggregating in conspicuous groups of up to millions individuals.
Such complexity leads to a variety of social behaviours rarely found in other taxonomic
groups: there is increasing evidence that bats are able of cooperative social behaviours such as
allogrooming, communal nursing, group hunting and social learning, all interactions that
require high-level cognitive skills.
Investigating such a complex system needs a multi-disciplinary approach, fundamental for
disentangling the mechanisms through which bat sociality develops. I performed a series of
experiments and used classical ethological and statistical methods (ethogram composition,
general linear models) together with social network analysis (SNA), developing the analyses
of social interactions on an individual-based approach.
Experiment 1 deals with the ability of bats to modulate their behaviour (e.g. aggressiveness)
according to intrinsic (e.g. age, sex) and extrinsic (familiarity) factors during a social
interaction. I performed dyadic arena-encounters where two bats per test were allowed to
freely interact. I recorded aggressive and affiliative behaviours and measured the degree of
affiliation towards familiar and unfamiliar individuals of captive European free-tailed bats
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(Tadarida teniotis). By testing individuals from different captive colonies and of different
age, I measured the effects of familiarity, sex and age on the aggressive behaviour of this
species, using aggressiveness as a proxy for xenophobia. I found significant effects of all the
selected factors upon the degree of affiliation among individuals: familiar bats were more
prone to perform affiliative behaviours, behaving xenophobically towards non-group
members. This xenophobic attitude was lower in females and almost null towards juveniles.
These results indicate that adult bats' behaviour is influenced by previous social experiences,
also suggesting that social bonds formed inside colonies are long lasting regardless of genetic
relatedness existing between individuals.
With experiment 2 I investigate the mechanisms leading to the formation of social subunits in
groups bats, using Pipistrellus kuhlii as a model species. By manipulating the early social
environment of young bats and describing their pattern of association inside artificial roost as
well as measuring their rates of interaction, I demonstrate that spatial proximity inside roosts
promotes social cohesion. These associations are maintained by bats throughout adulthood by
means of cooperative behaviours such as allogrooming and social thermoregulation. Both
classical approach and social network analysis of interacting bats indicate that physical
contacts and cooperative behaviours among bats inside a colony are non-random and are more
frequently performed between individuals that already had contacts at a very young age.
Following the same approach and techniques of Experiment 2, with Experiment 3 I test the
hypothesis that the same mechanisms that produce group cohesion inside roosts can lead to
the formation of multi-specific associations of bats. Such multi-specific groups are
widespread among mammals, and in bats they are assumed to form due to eco-physiological
reasons (i.e. species sharing micro-climatic requirements). I manipulated the early social
environment of two species that naturally occur inside the same roosts; very young Kuhl's (P.
kuhlii) and Savi's (Hypsugo savii) bats were exposed to artificial multi-specific social contacts
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in captivity. I demonstrate that early social experience does influence social bonding also
beyond the species' boundaries. Independent young bats in fact selected previous groupmembers
for social thermoregulation and reciprocal grooming, regardless of species
membership.
Results from all experiment clearly indicate a strong effect of early social environment on the
interaction and association patterns in bats, both at short (Experiments 2-3) and long
(Experiment 1) time scales, suggesting the existence of imprinting-like mechanisms. Such
mechanisms lead to the formation of cryptic social subunits within bat colonies and probably
enhance the cohesion of the entire social structure, with obvious and strong consequences on
behavioural and ecological (e.g. demographic and epidemiological) scales
Statics and dynamics of dislocations: A variational approach
No full textDislocations are line defects in the periodic structure of the crystals. In this thesis, we focus the variational analysis of the elastic energy induced by a finite family of dislocations. Moreover, we study the dynamics of a finite system of screw dislocations
The Olefin Metathesis Reaction in the Synthesis of Resorc[4]arenes with Intriguing Architectures
No full textTetramerization of (E)-2,4-dimethoxycinnamic acid ω-undecenyl ester with ethereal BF3 gave three stereoisomers which were assigned as the chair, cone, and 1,2-alternate conformations. When the three resorc[4]arenes were submitted to olefin metathesis using the second generation Grubbs catalyst, different intra- and inter-molecular products were isolated, depending on conformation and reaction conditions.
Molecular modeling studies showed that a basket-like resorc[4]arene, obtained by olefin metathesis of the cone resorc[4]arene ω-undecenyl ester, provide efficient shape complementarity to fullerenes C60 and C70 .
Both self-assembly and encapsulation phenomena were demonstrated by UV spectroscopy.(1)Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Center for Life Nano Science (IIT@Sapienza), Italy. (2)Progetti per Avvio alla Ricerca, MIUR, 201
Blast resistance assessment of structures: explicit finite element simulations and fragility analyses
No full textA failure of the security system of a community leads to a socio-economic instability and consequently to the decline of the community. Nowadays like in the past, a protective design against man-made attacks is important, especially considering that the Free World is constantly prone to destabilization by terrorism.
A protective construction should principally guarantee the maximum reasonable survivability of the occupants. If the prevention strategies of defense fail (e.g. intelligence and police activities), the design for blast offers the only possibility to limit the consequences of an explosion. The resistance of a generic structure subjected to a blast load is measured in terms of collapse resistance, defined as the exceeding of a performance limit. The collapse resistance can be assessed directly by applying the blast demand to the structure (un-decomposed approach) or by decomposing the collapse resistance (decomposed approach) in three components: the hazard mitigation, the local resistance, and the global resistance. In this Thesis the decomposed approach is preferred and methods for a quantitative assessment of the collapse resistance’s components are proposed and applied to case-study structures.
Concerning the hazard mitigation, deterministic computational fluid dynamic simulations are carried out for assessing the influence of three crucial parameters determining the severity of the blast load due to the deflagration of a gas cloud. The fragility analysis is carried out in the framework of the performance-based blast engineering, in order to quantify the local resistance of both precast concrete cladding wall panels and steel built-up blast resistant doors. Furthermore detailed finite element simulations are carried out for investigating the behavior of concrete slabs and insulated panels subjected to far-field and close-in detonations respectively. Finally, the global resistance is investigated by two methods that take into account the consequences of extreme loads on structures, focusing on the influence that the loss of primary elements has on the structural load bearing capacity