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Reflexive Social Attention modulated by Social Cues: evidences from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) studies.
No full textMIUR, PRIN 2009 / IIT (Italian Institute of Technology, SEED, Prot. Num. 21538
La nascita di un’idea: Conservazione e Restauro nella cultura occidentale.
No full textIl tema della ricerca sono “Le antiche origini della moderna idea di restauro” nel mondo occidentale e, in particolare, di quella sua specifica inclinazione attenta alla conservazione non solo delle forme ma anche della stessa materia autentica che le sostanzia.
La tesi di fondo è che le origini del moderno approccio al restauro nella cultura occidentale siano il risultato dell’eredità dell’antico sistema normativo greco-romano associata ai valori propri della religione cristiana. Su tali premesse si è svolta la ricerca argomentando, alternativamente, fra queste due polarità. Volendo esprimere il contenuto della tesi per sommi capi e riassumere lo svolgersi dei vari capitoli, si può affermare che:
- nelle premesse si individua un’idea di restauro contemporanea strumentale alla ricerca;
- il primo capitolo è dedicato a quelle idee attinenti la perpetuazione presenti nella Bibbia, analizzate nel loro rapporto con la moderna teoria del restauro;
- il secondo alle antiche riparazioni, con particolare attenzione al mondo greco–romano. Sono stati analizzati molti esempi relativi a interventi di restauro su antiche ceramiche e su pavimentazioni musive, evidenziando i differenti modi di operare e le possibili motivazioni alla base dei diversi interventi;
- il terzo capitolo è dedicato al sistema di tutela dei monumenti e delle proprietà pubbliche previsto dall’antico diritto romano, seguendone lo sviluppo dalla Repubblica sino alla decadenza dell’Impero; a latere si tratta del tema delle reliquie e del diritto funerario antico;
- il quarto capitolo è riservato alla dimostrazione dell’importanza delle normative antiche in un caso esemplare: la costruzione della basilica costantiniana di San Pietro in Vaticano (a Roma);
- il quinto e il sesto capitolo trattano dell’opera di papa Gregorio Magno e di Cassiodoro relativamente al tema della conservazione e del restauro delle antiche vestigia, analizzato in rapporto con la cultura della loro epoca;
- un ultimo capitolo è dedicato alle conclusioni e alle ipotesi di collegamento con la moderna teoria del restauro.
La ricerca, inizialmente aperta a ricostruire le vicende della nascita dell’idea di restauro dai tempi remoti alle prime codificazioni ufficiali, seguendo i preziosi consigli ricevuti dal collegio dei docenti durante i tre anni del corso di dottorato, s’è invece concentrata in un particolare periodo storico, quello relativo al mondo greco-romano e alla sua decadenza, sino al termine del regno ostrogoto in Italia (VI sec. d.C.).
S’è preferito, infatti, approfondire, con una lunga serie di mirate traduzioni dei testi antichi, un ambito particolarmente interessante e ancora poco indagato dalla cultura del restaur
Interazione tra acquifero superficiale e profondo nella Piana di Tivoli (Roma): Approccio multi-isotopico e modello numerico geochimico
No full textInteraction between shallow and deep groundwater flow systems has been investigated in the Tivoli Plain aquifer system (Rome, Central Italy). During the last decade an intense activity in the travertine quarries in the Acque Albule Basin has caused a significant drop in the water table of the shallow travertine aquifer. As a consequence, subsidence and high instability risk are affecting buildings in this area constructed on top of Holocene sediments composed of mainly silty clay with high level of organic content, which are underlying by travertine deposits. A multi-isotope approach was used to have a better understanding of interactions between shallow and deep aquifers and to improve the knowledge of the hydrogeological conceptual model, which has implication for groundwater management in the Tivoli plain.
Environmental isotopes are largely used for investigation of water origin, residence time and flowpaths (Kendall et al., 1998; Coplen et al., 1999). They are also useful for a better understanding of chemical reactions during water-rock interaction.
A combined hydrogeologic and isotopic investigation using chemical and isotopic tracers such as SO4/Cl, δ18O, δ 2H, 87Sr/86Sr, δ34S, and δ13C was carried out in order to determine the sources of water recharge to the aquifer, the origin of solutes, and the mixing processes, in the Tivoli Plain, a Quaternary basin filled by travertines (Faccenna et al., 2008). The study area is located 30 km East of Rome.
The recharge areas for the shallow groundwater in the travertine aquifer are supposed to be the carbonate ridges of Lucretili and Tiburtini mountains (Capelli et al., 2005: Petitta et al., 2010). The travertine aquifer also receives a contribution of mineralized fluids from a deep aquifer contained in the buried meso-cenozoic carbonates, which are separated from the shallow aquifer by low-permeability volcanic and clayed deposits. Representative samples of the water cycle in Tivoli Plain, which included springs, lakes, deep groundwater and water from the quarries were sampled for chemical and isotope analysis. Base-flow springs are generally saturated or oversaturated with respect to calcite, which explains the travertine formation (Minissale et al., 2002).
A large number of samples including groundwater and surface water were collected in the Acque Albule Basin, while other samples come from the recharge area (S4, S5, S6, P6) (Fig. 3.2). S2 is a spring located out of the Basin, which is directly fed by a deep contribution from buried carbonate bedrock.
Major ion chemistry data showed a groundwater stratification in the travertine aquifer, associated with mixing of the shallow groundwater with discharge mineralized fluids from the deep aquifer, partially enhanced by increasing pumping in the quarries. Results indicate that the hydrochemistry of groundwater in Tivoli Plain and adjacent recharge areas is characterized by a mixing among three end-members:
A. groundwater of recharge area,
B. groundwater of the shallow travertine aquifer (Acque Albule Basin),
C. groundwater of deep carbonate aquifer.
The end-members are represented by three different geochemical facies:
Facies A: Ca – HCO3 type groundwater: TDS (0-0,8 g L-1); SO4 (0-250 mg L-1); DIC (0-7 mmol kg-1); EC (0-2 mS cm-1).
Facies B: Ca – HCO3–SO4 type groundwater: TDS (0,8-2,4 g L-1); SO4 (250-800 mg L-1); DIC (7-16 mmol kg-1); EC (2-3,5 mS cm-1).
Facies C: Ca-Mg – HCO3-SO4 type groundwater: TDS (2,4-3,6 g L-1); SO4 (800-1200 mg L-1); DIC (16-18 mmol kg-1); EC (3,5-4,5 mS cm-1).
A multi-isotope approach (18O, 2H in water, 34S and 18O in sulphate, 13C in DIC and 87Sr/86Sr ratios) has been adopted in the study to obtain a better understanding of interactions between shallow and deep groundwater. The stable isotope data, collected in rain stations at different altitude and in groundwater, suggest the existence of different flowpaths and mixing of shallow groundwater associated with recharge in the Tivoli Plain. Based on seasonal changes in 18O and 2H, the recharge contribution coming from the carbonate ridges to deep groundwater has also been documented.
The 13C data in DIC show a wide range in 13C values that varies between -12.3‰ and +8.6‰. The more depleted 13C values are considered representatives of the recharge area, where a input of soil CO2 occurs during rainfall infiltration mixing with DIC from dissolution of carbonates. Samples from Acque Albule Basin show values between +0.4‰ and +8.6‰, where an input of 13C enriched CO2 is associated with a deep contribution of hydrothermal fluids from the buried carbonate aquifer. The correlations in chapter 4 show two separated sources for DIC in the water samples, with some samples (P5, S6, C4) placed in intermediate position, justified by the influence by mixing processes.
The 34S and 18O data in sulphate also highlight the existence of two different sources for dissolved sulphates: the groundwater collected in Acque Albule Basin have sulphates which can be associated to the Triassic evaporites of the deep aquifer; otherwise, sulphates of secondary origin from the shallow aquifer characterize samples collected in the recharge area. The positive values of 34S (> 10‰) may exclude sulphate reduction as main process in sulphate contribution, especially because it could not explain the high sulphate concentration of the B-C facies. A possible relationship between dissolved sulphates and the occurrence of H2S uprising fluids in the shallow aquifer can be discarded.
Finally, the 87Sr/86Sr data with values ranging between 0,7076 and 0,7082 confirm that the contribution of dissolved solutes is associated with two sources: marine carbonates from the deep aquifer (groundwater influenced by deep flowpaths); continental and volcanic deposits in case of the shallow aquifer (groundwater having not interaction with deep flowpaths).
An Inverse Model carried out with Phreeqc 2.16 by Parkhurst & Appelo (1999) has developed a theoretical geochemical evolution with water-rock interaction processes. According to an inverse mixing model, it is possible to conclude that both dissolution/precipitation and ion exchange processes are the key of geochemical evolution along groundwater flowpath, confirmed also by the calculated mixing between deep and shallow aquifers.
The chemical and isotope tracers provided information for distinguishing different sources of dissolved salts and different groundwater circulation in the Tivoli Plain. The results of this study have improved the hydrogeological conceptual model, which can be summarized as follows:
• the Ca-HCO3 groundwater type represents a flow system fed directly by meteoric water in carbonate ridges of Lucretili and Tiburtini mountains, surrounding the Tivoli Plain. The flow system is subdivided in a shallower one, that fills directly the travertine aquifer of the Acque Albule Basin, and in a deeper one, circulating in the buried carbonate bedrock;
• the Ca-Mg–HCO3-SO4 groundwater type represents a deeper circulation having a contribution of high salinity fluids, uprising from the deep carbonate aquifer, probably related to the Colli Albani volcanic district.
Mixing processes, which characterize the travertine shallow aquifer have been recognized in several water samples, especially inside the quarries area. In this area the mixing between the two components is widely enhanced by the recent occurrence of intense pumping activity (Prestininzi, 2008). The chemistry of samples in this area corresponds to a Ca–HCO3–SO4 groundwater type.
Deep saline fluids rise and mix with recharge water in the shallow aquifer, evolving across dissolution/precipitation and ion exchange processes.
The 18O, 2H and 87Sr/86Sr isotope values confirmed the meteoric origin of the groundwater and the different flowpaths influencing the hydrochemistry composition of groundwater in Tivoli Plain.
The existence of two different sources of groundwater is supported by the results of 34S data in sulphates and 13C data in DIC. Both these two tracers support the existence of mixing in the shallow aquifer, showing intermediate values in the samples which are characterized by relative lower salinity
Study of highly compatible nanostructured systems for drug delivery and medical diagnostics
No full textScemi, derelitti e degenerati Strategie di potere e contrattazione del sapere nell’ospedale dei matti di Roma (1918-1938)
No full text
New Insights into Immune Regulation: PARP-1 Controls the Development of Regulatory T Cells
No full textECO-MANAGEMENT DELL'AMBIENTE COSTRUITO: SISTEMI DI RATING ED INDICATORI AMBIENTALI PER L'EDILIZIA RESIDENZIALE
No full textThe experimentation gets into a general programmatic frame defined by the D.G.R. 133\2010 in pursuance of the “Sistema di Certificazione di sostenibilità ambientale degli edifici” whereby the Regione Lazio expects competition procedures to integrate the environmental restoration targets and to reorganize the suburbs.
The research was organized through the study and the definition of the intervention modalities aimed at the improvement of the technological, environmental and energetic performances and it focused on Rules and reference methods for the evaluation of public housing sustainability, related to commitments derived by the application of regulation Certificazione Ambientale ex art.9 L.R.6/2008 of Regione Lazio.
The reference scenario is the regional protocol on the bio-construction, ITACA Protocol Lazio
