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Data for fish stock assessment obtained from the cmsy algorithm for all global fao datasets
No full textAssessing the state of fish stocks requires the determination of descriptors. They correspond to the absolute and relative (to the carrying capacity of the habitat) fish biomasses in the ecosystem, and the absolute and relative (to the intrinsic growth rate of the population) fishing mortality resulting from catches. This allows, among other things, to compare the catch with the maximum sustainability yield. Some fish stocks are well described and monitored, but for many data-limited stocks, catch time series are remaining the only source of data. Recently, an algorithm (CMSY) has been proposed, allowing an estimation of stock assessment variables from catch and resilience. In this paper, we provide stock reference points for all global fisheries reported by Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) major fishing area for almost 5000 fish stocks. These data come from the CMSY algorithm for 42% of the stock (75% of the global reported fish catch) and are estimated by aggregated values for the remaining 58%
A novel evolutionary conserved mechanism of RNA stability regulates synexpression of primordial germ cell-specific genes prior to the sex-determination stage in medaka
No full textDmrt1 is a highly conserved transcription factor, which is critically involved in regulation of
gonad development of vertebrates. In medaka, a duplicate of dmrt1—acting as master sexdetermining gene—has a tightly timely and spatially controlled gonadal expression pattern.
In addition to transcriptional regulation, a sequence motif in the 30 UTR (D3U-box) mediates
transcript stability of dmrt1 mRNAs from medaka and other vertebrates. We show here that
in medaka, two RNA-binding proteins with antagonizing properties target this D3U-box, promoting either RNA stabilization in germ cells or degradation in the soma. The D3U-box is
also conserved in other germ-cell transcripts, making them responsive to the same RNA
binding proteins. The evolutionary conservation of the D3U-box motif within dmrt1 genes of
metazoans—together with preserved expression patterns of the targeting RNA binding proteins in subsets of germ cells—suggest that this new mechanism for controlling RNA stability is not restricted to fishes but might also apply to other vertebrates
Effect of maternal nutrition and body composition of mares on fetal and postnatal development. Part 1.
No full textDysfunction of the mesolimbic circuit to food odors in women with anorexia and bulimia nervosa: A fMRI study
No full textBrain reward dysfunction in eating disorders has been widely reported. However, whether the neural correlates of hedonic and motivational experiences related to food cues are differentially affected in anorexia nervosa of restrictive type (ANr), bulimia nervosa (BN) and healthy control (HC) participants remains unknown. Here, 39 women (14 ANr, 13 BN, and 12 HC) underwent fMRI while smelling food or non-food odors in hunger and satiety states during liking and wanting tasks. ANr and BN patients reported less desire to eat odor-cued food and odor-cued high energy-density food (EDF), respectively. ANr patients exhibited lower ventral tegmental area activation than BN patients to food odors when rating their desire to eat, suggesting altered incentive salience attribution to food odors. Compared with HC participants, BN patients exhibited decreased activation of the caudate nucleus to food odors in the hunger state during the wanting task. Both patient groups also showed reduced activation of the anterior ventral pallidum and insula in response to high EDF odors in the hunger state during the wanting task. These findings indicate that brain activation within the food reward-regulating circuit differentiates the three groups. ANr patients further exhibited lower activation of the precuneus than other participants, suggesting a possible role of body image distortion in ANr. Our study highlights that food odors are relevant sensory probes to gain better insight into the dysfunction of the mesolimbic and striatal circuitry involved in food reward processing in patients with EDs
L’oxaborole AN3661 permet l’élimination de Cryptosporidium en modèle murin via l’inhibition de CPSF3
No full textLes performances économiques de l’élevage européen : de la « compétitivité coût » à la « compétitivité hors coût »
No full textL’Union Européenne (UE) occupe, et depuis longtemps, une place importante dans les activités d’élevage à l’échelle internationale, tant en termes de production que de participation aux échanges. En dépit d’un puissant mouvement de restructuration, imputable surtout aux gains de productivité des facteurs, l’élevage européen rassemble des exploitations agricoles encore très hétérogènes en termes de combinaisons productives, de taille, de structuration sociale, d’intensification et de performances économiques. Pour en rendre compte, et partant des données du Réseau d’Information Comptable Agricole (RICA), une analyse de la diversité des situations structurelles et économiques est conduite pour les exploitations spécialisées dans les productions de lait, de viande bovine et de granivores (porcs et volailles), ce pour les dix Etats membres de l’UE les plus productifs en productions animales. Cette étape est un préalable nécessaire à la réflexion qui s’engage ensuite sur les principaux leviers de la performance économique des productions animales européennes. Deux types de leviers sont alors distingués. Le premier concerne la « compétitivité coût ». Il aborde successivement les substitutions entre facteurs de production, les économies d’échelle, la concentration géographique des productions, la structuration des filières et l’influence des politiques agricoles. Le second concerne la compétitivité « hors coût ». Il traite de la qualité sanitaire des productions animales, de la différenciation des produits et des processus de production ainsi que des conditions requises pour que les agriculteurs captent une partie de la valeur ajoutée générée.The European Union (EU) has, since a long time, an important role in the international livestock industry chains, both in terms of production and trade. In spite of a strong restructuring movement, mainly due to factor productivity gains, European livestock brings together farms that are still very heterogeneous in terms of productive combinations, size, social structuring, intensification and economic performance. To document this, data from the Farm Accountancy Data Network (FADN) is used to analyze the diversity of structural and economic situations of farms specializing in the production of milk, beef and pigs/poultry, for the ten most productive EU Member States in animal production. This step is necessary for identifying the main levers for improving the economic performance of European animal productions. Two types of levers are distinguished. The first concerns the « cost competitiveness ». It refers successively to the substitution of production factors, economies of scale, the geographical concentration of production, the structuring of production chains and the impact of agricultural policies. The second concerns the « non-cost competitiveness ». It covers the sanitary quality of animal productions, the differentiation of products and production processes, and the required conditions for farmers to capture some of the generated value-added
Macrophage-B Cell Interactions in the Inverted Porcine Lymph Node and Their Response to Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus
No full textSwine lymph nodes (LN) present an inverted structure compared to mouse and human, with the afferent lymph diffusing from the center to the periphery. This structure, also observed in close and distant species such as dolphins, hippopotamus, rhinoceros, and elephants, is poorly described, nor are the LN macrophage populations and their relationship with B cell follicles. B cell maturation occurs mainly in LN B cell follicles with the help of LN macrophage populations endowed with different antigen delivery capacities. We identified three macrophage populations that we localized in the inverted LN spatial organization. This allowed us to ascribe porcine LN MΦ to their murine counterparts: subcapsular sinus MΦ, medullary cord MΦ and medullary sinus MΦ. We identified the different intra and extrafollicular stages of LN B cells maturation and explored the interaction of MΦ, drained antigen and follicular B cells. The porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV) is a major porcine pathogen that infects tissue macrophages (MΦ). PRRSV is persistent in the secondary lymphoid tissues and induces a delay in neutralizing antibodies appearance. We observed PRRSV interaction with two LN MΦ populations, of which one interacts closely with centroblasts. We observed BCL6 up-regulation in centroblast upon PRRSV infection, leading to new hypothesis on PRRSV inhibition of B cell maturation. This seminal study of porcine LN will permit fruitful comparison with murine and human LN for a better understanding of normal and inverted LN development and functioning
Evaluation of the antiviral activity of sephin1 treatment and its consequences on eif2α phosphorylation in response to viral infections
No full textThe guanabenz derivative Sephin1 has recently been proposed to increase the levels of translation initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) phosphorylation by inhibiting dephosphorylation by the protein phosphatase 1—GADD34 (PPP1R15A) complex. As phosphorylation of eIF2α by protein kinase R (PKR) is a prominent cellular antiviral pathway, we evaluated the consequences of Sephin1 treatment on virus replication. Our results provide evidence that Sephin1 downregulates replication of human respiratory syncytial virus, measles virus, human adenovirus 5 virus, human enterovirus D68, human cytomegalovirus, and rabbit myxoma virus. However, Sephin1 proved to be inactive against influenza virus, as well as against Japanese encephalitis virus. Sephin1 increased the levels of phosphorylated eIF2α in cells exposed to a PKR agonist. By contrast, in virus-infected cells, the levels of phosphorylated eIF2α did not always correlate with the inhibition of virus replication by Sephin1. This work identifies Sephin1 as an antiviral molecule in cell culture against RNA, as well as DNA viruses belonging to phylogenetically distant families
Effect of Diet in Chronic Spontaneous Urticaria: A Systematic Review
No full textStrategies for diets in chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) are controversial. This systematic review assessed the interest in diet for managing CSU. We searched for original reports in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL and LILACS. Among the 278 reports screened, 20 were included, involving 1,734 patients. Reports described 3 types of systematic diet: pseudoallergen-free diet (n = 1,555 patients), low-histamine diet (n = 223) and diet without fish products (n = 47), which induced complete remission in 4.8%, 11.7% and 10.6% of patients, respectively, and partial remission in 37.0%, 43.9% and 4.3%. Eight reports described personalized exclusion diets (66 patients) adapted to symptoms/allergological test results and led to complete remission in 74.6% of patients, although the diagnosis of CSU was doubtful. No comparative randomized studies of diets were available. The only randomized studies were based on oral provocation tests with the suspected responsible diet. Population and outcomes were heterogeneous. In conclusion, there is evidence for the benefit of diets in CSU only in individual patients with clinical symptoms. However, the level of evidence is low for the benefit of systematic diets in CSU because systematic double-blind controlled trials of diet are lacking