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TRAAP2 - TRAnexamic Acid for Preventing postpartum hemorrhage after cesarean delivery: a multicenter randomized, doubleblind, placebo- controlled trial - a study protocol.
No full textAn antifibrinolytic agent that blocks lysine-binding sites on plasminogen molecules, tranexamic acid reduces bleeding-related mortality in women with postpartum hemorrhage (PPH), especially administered fairly soon after delivery. According to the randomized controlled trials thus far reported for PPH prevention after cesarean deliveries (n = 16), women who received tranexamic acid had significantly less postpartum blood loss and no increase in severe adverse effects. These were, however, primarily small single-center studies that had fundamental methodological flaws. Multicenter randomized controlled trials with adequate power are necessary to demonstrate its value persuasively before tranexamic acid goes into widespread use for the prevention of PPH after cesarean deliveries.[br/]
This study will be a multicenter, double-blind, randomized controlled trial with two parallel groups including 4524 women with cesarean deliveries before or during labor, at a term ≥34 weeks, modeled on our previous study of tranexamic acid administered after vaginal deliveries. Treatment (either tranexamic acid 1 g or placebo) will be administered intravenously just after birth. All women will also receive a prophylactic uterotonic agent. The primary outcome will be the incidence of PPH, defined by a calculated estimated blood loss > 1000 mL or a red blood cell transfusion before day 2 postpartum. This study will have 80% power to show a 20% reduction in the incidence of PPH, from 15.0 to 12.0%.[br/]
As an, inexpensive, easy to administer drug that can be add to the routine management of cesarean births in delivery rooms, tranexamic acid is a promising candidate for preventing PPH after these births. This large, adequately powered, multicenter randomized placebo-controlled trial seeks to determine if the benefits of the routine prophylactic use of tranexamic acid after cesarean delivery significantly outweigh its risks.[br/]
ClinicalTrials.gov NCT03431805 (February 12, 2018)
Evolution de la composition floristique de 38 prairies deux-sévriennes au cours de 5 années de pâturage Herby®
No full textA Comparison of the Formation Rates and Composition of Tree-Related Microhabitats in Beech-Dominated Primeval Carpathian and Hyrcanian Forests
No full textPrimeval forests in the temperate zone exist only as a few remnants, but theses serve as important reference areas for conservation. As key habitats, tree-related microhabitats (TreMs) are of intense interest to forest ecologists, but little is known about their natural composition and dynamics in different tree species. Beech forms a major part of the temperate forests that extend from Europe, home to European beech Fagus sylvatica L. (Fs), eastward to Iran, where Oriental beech Fagus orientalis Lipsky (Fo) is the dominant species. In this study, we compared TreMs in primeval forests of both species, using data from Fo growing in 25 inventory plots throughout the Hyrcanian forest belt in Iran and from Fs growing in a 9 ha permanent plot in the Uholka Forest of Ukraine. TreMs based on 47 types and 11 subgroups were recorded. Beech trees in the Hyrcanian forest had a higher mean diameter at breast height (dbh) than beech trees in Uholka and contained twice as many TreMs per hectare. Although the mean richness of TreMs per TreM bearing tree was similar in the two species, on the basis of the comparison single trees in two groups (n = 405 vs. 2251), the composition of the TreMs clearly differed, as the proportions of rot holes, root-buttress concavities, and crown deadwood were higher in the Hyrcanian Forest, and those of bark losses, exposed heartwood, and burrs and cankers higher in Uholka Forest. Estimates of TreMs dynamics based on dbh and using Weibull models showed a significantly faster cumulative increase of TreMs in Fo, in which saturation occurred already in trees with a dbh of 70–80 cm. By contrast, the increase in TreMs in Fs was continuous. In both species, the probability density was highest at a dbh of about 30 cm, but was twice as high in Fo. Because of limitations of our study design, the reason behind observed differences of TreM formation and composition between regions remains unclear, as it could be either result of the tree species or the environment, or their interaction. However, the observed differences were more likely the result of differences in the environment than in the two tree species. Nevertheless, our findings demonstrate that the Hyrcanian Forest, recently designated as a natural heritage site in Iran, is unique, not only as a tertiary relict or due to its endemic trees, herbs and arthropods, but also because of its TreMs, which form a distinct and rich habitat for associated taxa, including endemic saproxylic species
The key roles of economic and social organization, producer and consumer behaviour towards a HAFEN (Health-Agriculture-Environment-Food Nexus)
No full textWe discuss in this paper the role of the economic and social organization in agriculture and the food industry, in relation with the Health-Agriculture-Environment-Food Nexus (HAFEN) concept. The aim is to better understand the potential impact of the implementation of this concept in food consumption and production systems. We discuss the need for a detailed analysis of the economic and social processes underlying food consumption practices, as well as innovation drivers towards more sustainable agrifood systems. The paper suggests a research agenda dedicated to the modes of social and economic organization of key stakeholders in the implementation of Nexus-based systems, facilitating the convergence between health, food and environmental objectives. Based on a literature survey, three main topics are discussed: a) processes and drivers of change of food consumption practices; b) co-ordination and multi-agent governance modes to better account for health issues in agrifood systems; c) the analysis of paradigms that put forward health as an entry point to reshape existing agricultural and food systems, and associated modes of knowledge production. For each of these topics, we provide examples of researches based on past or on-going scientific projects on selected French case studies, and suggest some research priorities for the future
Bioaerosol field measurements: Challenges and perspectives in outdoor studies
No full textOutdoor field measurements of bioaerosols are performed within a wide range of basic and applied scientific disciplines, each with its own goals, assumptions, and terminology. This paper contains brief reviews of outdoor field bioaerosol research from these diverse interests, with emphasis on perspectives from the atmospheric sciences. The focus is on a high level discussion of pressing scientific questions, grand challenges, and needs for cross-disciplinary collaboration. The research topics, in which bioaerosol field measurement are important, include (i) atmospheric physics, clouds, climate, and hydrological cycle; (ii) atmospheric chemistry; (iii) airborne allergen-containing particles; (iv) airborne human pathogens and national security; (v) airborne livestock and crop pathogens; and (vi) biogeography and biodiversity. We concisely review bioaerosol impacts and discuss properties that distinguish bioaerosols from abiological aerosols. We give extra focus to regions of specific interest, i.e. forests, polar regions, marine and coastal environments, deserts, urban and rural areas, and summarize key considerations related to bioaerosol measurements, such as of fluxes, long-range transport, and from both stationary and vessel-driven platforms. Keeping in mind a series of key scientific questions posed within the diverse communities, we suggest that pressing scientific questions include: (i) emission sources and flux estimates; (ii) spatial distribution; (iii) changes in distribution; (iv) atmospheric aging; (v) metabolic activity; (vi) urbanization of allergies; (vii) transport of human pathogens; and (viii) climate-relevant properties
Analysis of an anaerobic digestion model in landfill with mortality term
No full textWe study a mathematical model of anaerobic digestion with biomass recirculation, dedicated to landfill problems, and analyze its asymptotic behavior. We show that the global attractor is composed of an infinity of non-hyperbolic equilibria. For non-monotonic growth functions, this set is non connected, which impacts the performances of the bioprocess
Contribution of temporal dominance of sensations performed by modality (M-TDS) to the sensory perception of texture and flavor in semi-solid products: A case study on fat-free strawberry yogurts
No full textThis study aimed to perform Temporal Dominance of Sensations by modality (M-TDS) combined with a multi-intake approach to investigate texture and flavor perception in semi-solid products. Trained panelists (n = 15) evaluated fat-free strawberry yogurts enriched with functional proteins involving texture modifications. As yogurt is a semi-solid product, its in-mouth residence time is short. A multi-intake approach was therefore expected to give more reliable information about the sensory properties perceived by panelists. The two modalities of texture and flavor were analyzed separately to characterize the effect of added proteins. Trials were made according to an experimental design with two factors (protein type and concentration) and three levels each. Different statistical treatments, taking or not the temporality of attributes into account, were performed on standardized and non-standardized data. The implementation of M-TDS was essential to highlight differences of flavor perception in addition to the more evident texture modifications. The study of sensory trajectories evidenced that texture modifications, induced by the use of different whey proteins, slightly modified the perception of flavor and sweetness. The global flavor perception of the samples varied with the number of spoons, which particularly impacted the taste attributes. This study highlighted the importance of using M-TDS when studying texture and flavor in semi-solid products, and the relevance of the multi-intake approach to characterize flavor perception. This methodology enabled panelists to evidence both marked texture differences and subtler flavor modifications, and these useful data were emphasized by combining different statistical treatments
Bioaugmentation enhances dark fermentative hydrogen production in cultures exposed to short-term temperature fluctuations
No full textHydrogen-producing mixed cultures were subjected to a 48-h downward or upward temperature fluctuation from 55 to 35 or 75 degrees C. Hydrogen production was monitored during the fluctuations and for three consecutive batch cultivations at 55 degrees C to evaluate the impact of temperature fluctuations and bioaugmentation with synthetic mixed culture of known H-2 producers either during or after the fluctuation. Without augmentation, H-2 production was significantly reduced during the downward temperature fluctuation and no H-2 was produced during the upward fluctuation. H-2 production improved significantly during temperature fluctuation when bioaugmentation was applied to cultures exposed to downward or upward temperatures. However, when bioaugmentation was applied after the fluctuation, i.e., when the cultures were returned to 55 degrees C, the H-2 yields obtained were between 1.6 and 5% higher than when bioaugmentation was applied during the fluctuation. Thus, the results indicate the usefulness of bioaugmentation in process recovery, especially if bioaugmentation time is optimised
Influence of cardiac hemodynamic variables on retinal vessel density measurement on optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with myocardial infarction
No full textINTRODUCTION: Quantitative measurements of retinal microvasculature by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) have been used to assess cardiovascular risk profile. However, to date, there are no studies focusing on OCT-A imaging in the setting of the altered hemodynamic status found in high-risk cardiovascular patients. METHODS: To determine the potential association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and a comprehensive battery of hemodynamic variables in patients with myocardial infarction (MI) using data from the acute phase and at 3 months follow-up after cardiac rehabilitation. This prospective longitudinal study included patients who presented with MI in the cardiology intensive care unit at Dijon University Hospital. Main outcomes and measurements were retinal vessel density on OCT-A, hemodynamic status based on left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and indexed cardiac output during the acute phase of myocardial infarction and at 3 months follow-up. RESULTS: Overall, 30 patients were included in this pilot study. The median (IQR) age was 64 years (55-71) with 87% men. At admission, the mean (SD) LVEF was 53% (11), and the mean indexed cardiac output was 2.70 (0.83) L/min/m(2). On OCT-A, the mean inner retinal vascular density was 19.09 (2.80) mm(-1). No significant association was found between retinal vascular density and hemodynamic variables. CONCLUSION: We found no significant association between retinal vascular density on OCT-A and hemodynamic variables in the acute phase of a myocardial infarction or after 3 months of cardiac rehabilitation. Therefore, OCT-A findings do not seem to be influenced by the hemodynamic changes associated with myocardial infarction.Introduction : Les caractéristiques quantitatives de la microvascularisation rétinienne en tomographie par cohérence optique angiographie (OCT-A) ont été utilisées pour évaluer le profil de risque cardiovasculaire. Cependant à ce jour, aucune étude ne s’est intéressée à la description microvasculaire en OCT-A dans un contexte d’une altération de l’état hémodynamique chez des patients présentant un risque cardiovasculaire élevé.
Méthodes : Déterminer l’association potentielle entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A et un ensemble exhaustif de variables hémodynamiques chez des patients atteints d’un infarctus du myocarde en utilisant les données de la phase aiguë et du suivi à 3 mois, après une rééducation cardiaque. Cette étude longitudinale prospective a inclus des patients présentant un infarctus du myocarde dans l’unité de soins intensifs cardiologique du centre hospitalier universitaire de Dijon. Les critères principaux étaient la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A, la fraction d’éjection ventriculaire gauche (FEVG) et le débit cardiaque indexé à la phase aiguë de l’infarctus du myocarde et lors du suivi à 3 mois.
Résultats : Au total, 30 patients ont été inclus dans cette étude pilote. L’âge médian (écart interquartile) était de 64 ans (55–71) avec 87 % d’hommes. À l’admission, la FEVG moyenne (écart type) était de 53 % (11) et le débit cardiaque indexé moyen était de 2,70 (0,83) L/min/m2. De plus, la densité vasculaire rétinienne interne moyenne était de 19,09 (2,80) mm−1. Aucune association significative n’a été trouvée entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne et les variables hémodynamiques.
Conclusion : Nous n’avons pas trouvé d’association significative entre la densité vasculaire rétinienne en OCT-A et les variables hémodynamiques ni à la phase aiguë de l’infarctus du myocarde ni après 3 mois de réadaptation cardiaque. Par conséquent, les résultats quantitatifs de l’OCT-A ne semblent pas être influencés par les variations hémodynamiques chez des patients ayant présenté un infarctus du myocarde
Data from a proteomic analysis highlight different osmoadaptations in two strain of Propionibacterium freudenreichii
No full textThe article presents a proteomic data set generated by a comparative analysis of the proteomes of Propionibacterium freudenreichii, comparing the CIRM-BIA 129 and CIRM-BIA 1025 strains. The two strains were cultivated until the beginning of the stationary phase in a chemical defined medium (MMO), and in this medium in the presence of NaCl, with or without glycine betaine. Whole-cell proteins were extracted, trypsinolyzed and analyzed by nano LC-MS/MS, prior to identification and classification by function using the X!Tandem pipeline software and the proteomic data from NCBI.nlm.nigh.gov. Quantification of proteins was then carried out in order to detect change in their expression depending on the culture medium. This article is related to the research article entitled “Benefits and drawbacks of osmotic adjustment in Propionibacterium freudenreichii”. The comparative proteomic analysis of the two strains reveal strain-dependent and medium-dependent stress proteomes in the probiotic P. freudenreichii