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Potential of antifungal lactic acid bacteria combinations as bioprotective agents in pilot scale dairy products
No full textUnderstanding the determinants of IT adoption in agriculture using an integrated TAM-TOE model: A bibliometric analysis
No full textThis paper contributes to the understanding of the use of digital technologies in agriculture. It aims to highlight the different factors of the adoption of these digital technologies in agriculture. The theoretical framework of the research is based on two well-known models of adoption of new technologies (TAM and TOE). The authors propose a model combining the previous two. A bibliometric analysis of several articles dealing with digital adoption in agriculture was then conducted. It allows to refine the proposed model, by selecting the most relevant variables
Broad‐specificity GH131 β‐glucanases are a hallmark of Fungi and Oomycetes that colonise plants
No full textPlant-tissue-colonising fungi fine-tune the deconstruction of plant-cell walls (PCW) using different sets of enzymes according to their lifestyle. However, some of these enzymes are conserved among fungi with dissimilar lifestyles. We identified genes from Glycoside Hydrolase family GH131 as commonly expressed during plant-tissue colonisation by saprobic, pathogenic, and symbiotic fungi. By searching all the publicly available genomes, we found that GH131-coding genes were widely distributed in the Dikarya subkingdom, except in Taphrinomycotina and Saccharomycotina, and in phytopathogenic Oomycetes, but no other eukaryotes nor prokaryotes. The presence of GH131 in a species was correlated with its association with plants as symbiont, pathogen, or saprobe. We propose that GH131-family expansions and horizontal-gene transfers contributed to this adaptation. We analysed the biochemical activities of GH131 enzymes whose genes were up-regulated during plant-tissue colonisation in a saprobe (Pycnoporus sanguineus), a plant symbiont (Laccaria bicolor), and three hemibiotrophic-plant pathogens (Colletotrichum higginsianum, C. graminicola, Zymoseptoria tritici). These enzymes were all active on substrates with β-1,4, β-1,3, and mixed β-1,4/1,3 glucosidic linkages. Combined with a cellobiohydrolase, GH131 enzymes enhanced cellulose degradation. We propose that secreted GH131 enzymes unlock the PCW barrier and allow further deconstruction by other enzymes during plant tissue colonisation by symbionts, pathogens and saprobes
Helicobacter pylori and Its antibiotic heteroresistance: A neglected Issue in published guidelines
No full text"Heteroresistance" is a widely applied term that characterizes most of the multidrug-resistant microorganisms. In microbiological practice, the word "heteroresistance" indicates diverse responses to specific antibiotics by bacterial subpopulations in the same patient. These resistant subpopulations of heteroresistant strains do not respond to antibiotic therapy in vitro or in vivo. Presently, there is no standard protocol available for the treatment of infections caused by heteroresistant Helicobacter pylori in clinical settings, at least according to recent guidelines. Thus, there is a definite need to open a new discussion on how to recognize, how to screen, and how to eliminate those problematic strains in clinical and environmental samples. Since there is great interest in developing new strategies to improve the eradication rate of anti-H. pylon treatments, the presence of heteroresistant strains/clones among clinical isolates of the bacteria should be taken into account. Indeed, increased knowledge of gastroenterologists about the existence of heteroresistance phenomena is highly required. Moreover, the accurate breakpoints should be examined/determined in order to have a solid statement of heteroresistance among the H. pylori isolates. The primary definition of heteroresistance was about coexistence of both resistant and susceptible isolates at the similar gastric microniche at once, while we think that it can be happened subsequently as well. The new guidelines should include a personalized aspect in the standard protocol to select a precise, effective antibiotic therapy for infected patients and also address the problems of regional antibiotic susceptibility profiles
The outbreaks of nontarget mirid bugs promote arthropod pest suppression in Bt cotton agroecosystems
No full textSap-In: Comprendre les mécanismes de formation des poches d’eau du bois et des dépérissements du sapin pectiné (Abies alba)
No full textRelationship between habitat availability, insect trait-composition and leaf decomposition in water-filled tree holes
No full textHabitat availability is assumed to be a major driver of organismic diversity and related ecosystem processes. A Tree related Microhabitat (TreM) is a distinct, well-delineated morphological singularity occurring on living or standing dead trees. It constitutes a crucial substrate or life site for species. Communities associ-ated with TreMs are predicted to be organised in metacommunities. However, it is not well understood if small scale differences in habitat availability affect the diversity and composition of these specialised communities and related process-es in TreMs due to e.g. dispersal limitations within metacommunities. We mapped all water-filled tree holes on a 10 ha plot in the primeval beech forest of Uholka, Ukraine, and a managed beech-dominated forest nearby. We installed in each forest 27 artificial water-filled containers with 2 g dried beech leaves each on a regular grid in both forest to assess the spatial distribution of insect functional community composition as well as leaf decomposition rates in the artificial con-tainers. We did a spatial correlation analyses to test whether communities in these TreMs are affected by the spatial distribution in habitat availability and whether this translates into a change in leaf decomposition. We found substantial small-scale variability in habitat availability in the primeval as well as managed forest and this was a strong driver of the functional composition of TreM associated communities and leaf decomposition rates. This suggest that dispersal limitations might affect the colonization of habitats within metacommunities already at a very small scale and that this translates into a change in ecosystem processes
Modelling the occurrence of tree-related microhabitats in managed uneven-aged forest stands over time
No full textA Tree related Microhabitat (TreM) is a distinct, well-delineated morphological singularity occurring on living or standing dead trees, that constitutes a particular and crucial substrate or life site for species. TreMs are essential to support forest biodiversity. The retention of some trees bearing TreMs is increasingly prescribed in sustainable forest management guidelines. However, this may not be sufficient to ensure an appropriate density and diversity of TreMs to support TreM-dwelling taxa over time. Indeed, trees that are harvested often either display TreMs or have the potential to develop them over time (future habitat trees). Moreover, little is known about the dynamic process of TreM’s formation at the tree level. Most of the TreM data currently available are cross-sectional data (trees are observed only once) making it more difficult to estimate TreM formation rates. In this presentation we show how to estimate the probability of a new TreM being formed during tree growth by adapting statistical survival analysis approaches. Using a harmonized European TreM database, we analyze variations in the probability of formation of a new TreM on a tree of a given DBH for 11 different groups of TreMs and different groups of tree species. Then, using Samsara, a spatially-explicit individual-based forest stand model, we show how thinning regimes influence the TreM profile of uneven-aged mixed stands of spruce, fir and beech over time
Estimating the technical efficiency of damage abatment inputs: an application to pesticides in France
No full textEstimating the technical efficiency of damage abatment inputs: an application to pesticides in Franc
Omega-3 Extraction from Anchovy Fillet Leftovers with Limonene: Chemical, Economic, and Technical Aspects
No full textWe investigate selected chemical, technical, and economic aspects of the production of fish oil rich in polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids from anchovy filleting leftovers using d-limonene as the extraction solvent at ambient temperature and pressure. Entirely derived from the orange peel prior to orange squeezing for juice production, the bio-based solvent is easily recovered, affording a circular economy process with significant potential for practical applications