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Conducting a co‐operative inquiry in the field of counselling: Critical reflections and learnings from a ‘first‐time’ inquirer
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Counselling and Psychotherapy Research published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of British Association for Counselling and Psychotherapy.INTRODUCTION: Co-operative inquiry, a form of participatory action research, has been utilised as a method within the counselling field for some time, and whilst reflections have been shared about the use of this outside of the field, little commentary has been offered from within it. This paper outlines critical reflections and learnings from conducting a co-operative inquiry as a ‘first time inquirer’ to provide insight for other ‘first timers’, and those conducting this method within the counselling field. METHOD: Nine co-researchers met on 11 occasions from March to October 2022, exploring various aspects in relation to the research topic. Thoughts and experiences were communicated in a variety of ways, through poetry, storytelling, and journaling. The researcher kept a reflexive journal throughout the co-operative inquiry process, noting the importance of this process to participatory research. FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION: The reflections highlighted are based around key areas of the inquiry, such as how the group set off, the nature of meetings, and how the data analysis process was managed. Various points of discussion are highlighted such as the use of a working agreement, power dynamics, and the impact of the day job. In addition, this paper outlines a pragmatic approach to co-operative inquiry suitable for doctoral level researchUnfunde
Stars, Stripes and Steam
No full textThe exhibition was comprised of 68 photographs of New York City. The prints were non-archival and pinned to the gallery wall. The curator decided the placement of the prints in relation to photographs that pictured street level to be situated at the eye level of the viewer, whilst above were images of skyscrapers and signs (viewpoint looking upwards). As well as photographs of the US flag and rising steam were images of shopfronts, skyscrapers, burger and donut stands, and street scenes. The emphasis was on buildings and general scenes, people were incidental in these pictures. Stephen Clarke provided the wall text that introduced this exhibition.The photographs of New York city in this exhibition were taken by Stephen Clarke during two visits to New York in the mid-1990s. Paul Sampson, curator at Oriel Colwyn, organised the exhibition to coincide with the 2024 Presidential Election in the United States of America. The closing night of the exhibition was the final polling day for presidential candidates Kamala Harris and Donald Trump. The starting point for this exhibition was a number of photographs of the US Flag – the Stars and Stripes – along with images of steam rising from the underground heating systems in New York city centre which gave the show its title – Stars, Stripes and Steam. This is a humorous comment on the nature of political discourse that mixes patriotism and heated debates. Stephen Clarke (photographer) and the Paul Sampson (curator) wanted the audience to reflect on the historical perspective of New York city while considering the future of the new presidency and the USA. This was Stephen Clarke’s second solo exhibition at Oriel Colwyn; his first was ‘Shifting Sands’ (22/12/12 – 15/03/13). Some of the photographs in Stars, Stripes and Steam were previously published by the independent photobook publisher Out Of Place Books (2020) in the photobook ‘NYC-19XX’ by Stephen Clarke.unfunde
FTO rs17817449 variant increases the risk of severe obesity in a Brazilian cohort: A case-control study
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). This work is published and licensed by Dove Medical Press Limited.PURPOSE: Obesity is a complex disease caused by a combination of genetic, environmental, and epigenetic factors, and is associated with an increased risk of chronic diseases. The leptin-melanocortin pathway integrates peripheral signals about the body's energy stores with a central neuronal circuit in the hypothalamus. This pathway has been extensively studied over the years, as genetic variations in genes related to it may play a crucial role in determining an individual's susceptibility to obesity. Therefore, we analyzed the association between obesity and specific polymorphisms in leptin-melanocortin-related genes such as LEPR rs1137101, POMC rs1042571, LEP rs7799039, BDNF rs6265, FTO rs17817449, CART rs121909065, and NPY rs16147/rs5574.
PATIENTS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 501 participants from Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, with obesity class II or greater (BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2) and normal weight controls (18.5≤ BMI ≤24.9 kg/m2). We collected demographic, body composition, biochemical, and genotyping data by real-time PCR, and performed logistic and linear regression analyses to investigate the association of polymorphisms with severe obesity status and obesity-related quantitative parameters.
RESULTS: Individuals with severe obesity had significantly higher anthropometric measures, blood pressure, and biochemical levels. The FTO rs17817449 TT genotype was associated with a significantly higher risk of developing severe obesity, and distinct cytokine expression was observed across the FTO rs17817449 genotypes. The BDNF rs6265 dominant-model and NPY rs16147 CC genotypes were associated with triglyceride levels and childhood obesity, respectively. Finally, individuals with obesity were more likely to carry a greater number of risk alleles than those without obesity.
CONCLUSION: Our study observed an important association between FTO rs17817449 polymorphism with obesity and obesity-related traits. Additionally, BDNF rs6265 dominant-model was associated with triglyceride serum levels, and NPY rs16147 may have a role in obesity onset.This work was supported by the Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (Fiocruz, Brazil) and Carlos Chagas Filho Foundation for Research Support in the State of Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ) [GRANT: E-26/210.663/2021 and E-26/202.291/2019]
Anti-inflammatory effects of Phyllanthus amarus extracts against Benzene-induced Leukemia in rats
Get PDFThis is the peer-reviewed and pre-copyedited version of the article which has been accepted for publication in Avicenna Journal of Medical Biochemistry.BACKGROUND: The present study examined the protective effects of extracts from Phyllanthus amarus on benzene-induced leukemia in Wistar rats. Benzene is a carcinogen linked to increased leukemia risk. OBJECTIVES: The study aimed to assess the impact of P. amarus extracts, prepared via different drying methods, on immunological, biochemical, and histopathological parameters. METHODS: Aqueous, methanolic, and ethanolic extracts were prepared from P. amarus using room drying, oven drying, and sun drying. The rats were treated with benzene and the extracts. For the immunological parameters, C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin-8 (IL-8), transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and IL-10 were measured using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For biochemical parameters, microalbumin, urea, creatinine, alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were assessed using spectrophotometry. At the same time, for histopathological examination, liver and bone marrow tissues were stained using hematoxylin and eosin and analyzed for morphological changes. RESULTS: Research findings showed no significant difference in CRP among the groups (P=0.197), indicating no significant inflammation or tissue damage. TGF-β levels were significantly lower in treatment groups compared to the positive control group (P=0.015), suggesting anti-inflammatory or immunosuppressive effects. No significant differences were found in IL-8, TNF-α, and IL-10 levels. The aqueous extract prepared by room drying significantly decreased microalbumin levels (P=0.016), representing potential protective effects on kidney function. The methanolic extract prepared by sun drying significantly reduced creatinine (P=0.032) and ALT (P=0.048) levels, implying beneficial effects on liver function. Histopathological examinations revealed that the extracts modulated bone marrow and liver morphologies, reducing inflammation while improving cellularity and morphology. CONCLUSION: P. amarus extracts demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory effects in benzene-induced leukemia by significantly reducing TGF-β levels without inducing inflammation, as evidenced by stable CRP, IL-8, and TNF-α levels. These findings suggest that the extracts may help mitigate inflammation associated with benzene exposure, highlighting their potential as adjunctive therapies in leukemia treatment. More studies are needed to understand these protective processes completely and investigate their clinical uses.UnfundedHD record with no manuscript but journal is Diamond OA and publisher permits the VoR to be archived on CR with no embargo and a CC BY licence. VoR upoaded to CR 13/02/2025 ED
Worldwide Prevalence of Baseline Resistance-Associated Polymorphisms and Resistance Mutations in HCV against Current Direct-Acting Antivirals
Get PDFBACKGROUND: HCV infections can now be completely cured, thanks to the currently marketed direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). It is known that HCV patients carry viral populations with baseline polymorphisms and/or mutations that make them resistant against some of these DAAs, which can negatively impact the patient's treatment outcome. Using complete HCV coding sequences isolated from 1,306 treatment-naive patients of genotypes (GTs) 1, 2, 3, 4 and 6 from around the globe, we studied the prevalence of baseline resistance-associated polymorphisms (RAPs) and resistance mutations (RMs) against DAAs that are currently on the market or in clinical trials.
METHODS: The HCV genome sequences used in this study were retrieved from the NCBI database. RAPs and RMs, with reference to HCV GT1a, were identified using the HCV Geno2pheno web server.
RESULTS: Nearly 50% of the total amino acid positions (including NS3 protease, NS5A and NS5B) studied are baseline polymorphisms that differentiated one GT from the rest. A proportion of these baseline polymorphisms and baseline non-polymorphic RMs could confer a significant increase in resistance against DAAs.
CONCLUSIONS: In this study, we show the presence and prevalence of RAPs and RMs in DAA treatment-naive patients against currently used DAAs or DAAs in clinical trials. Our study suggests that RAPs and RMs profiling of HCV patients should be performed before the start of the therapy. Our results should be relevant especially in low- and middle-income countries, where the patients have a large variation of GTs and subtypes, and where the generic HCV treatment is now increasingly available.N/
Computational Prediction of Usutu Virus E Protein B Cell and T Cell Epitopes for Potential Vaccine Development
No full textUsutu virus (family Flaviviridae), once confined to Africa, has emerged in Europe a decade ago. The virus has been spreading throughout Europe at a greater pace mostly affecting avian species. While most bird species remain asymptomatic carriers of this virus, few bird species are highly susceptible. Lately, Usutu virus (USUV) infections in humans were reported sporadically with severe neuroinvasive symptoms like meningoencephalitis. As so much is unknown about this virus, which potentially may cause severe diseases in humans, there is a need for more studies of this virus. In this study, we have used computational tools to predict potential B cell and T cell epitopes of USUV envelope (E) protein. We found that amino acids between positions 68 and 84 could be a potential B cell epitope, while amino acids between positions 53 and 69 could be a potential major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I- and class II-restricted T cell epitope. By homology 3D modeling of USUV E protein, we found that the predicted B cell epitope was predominantly located in the coil region, while T cell epitope was located in the beta-strand region of the E protein. Additionally, the potential MHC class I T cell epitope (LAEVRSYCYL) was predicted to bind to nearly 24 human leucocyte antigens (HLAs) (IC50 ≤5000 nm) covering nearly 86.44% of the Black population and 96.90% of the Caucasoid population. Further in vivo studies are needed to validate the predicted epitopes.N/
SYBR Green II Dye-Based Real-Time Assay for Measuring Inhibitor Activity Against HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase
Get PDFThere are arrays of in vitro assays to quantify the activity of HIV-1 reverse transcriptase (HIV-1 RT). These assays utilize either chemically customized/labelled nucleotides, or TaqMan probes, or radiolabeled nucleotides/primers. Although several real-time PCR assays exist commercially for measuring the RT activity, which are usually used for quantifying the viral titres, these assays are not optimized for measuring the inhibitory concentrations (IC50) of HIV-1 RT inhibitors. Moreover, a recently established inorganic pyrophosphate-coupled enzyme assay cannot be employed for studying nonphosphorylated nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors (NRTIs). In the present study, we have developed a novel one-step assay with native nucleotide substrates and SYBR Green II dye to determine IC50 values of triphosphorylated NRTIs against HIV-1 RT. Using exact batches of wild-type and mutant RT, and triphosphorylated NRTIs, we showed that our method gave IC50 values for inhibitors similar to that of an earlier published colorimetric assay with BrdUTP substrate (CABS). Our assay should be suitable for high-throughput screening of antiretroviral drugs and could also be suitable for studying drug resistance profiles. Additionally, we also used our assay to study inhibition by AZT in its nonphosphorylated form by supplementing the reaction mixture with necessary kinases and ATP.Swedish Physicians against AIDS Research Fun
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs
No full text© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AGEncyclopedia entryUnfunde
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs
No full text© 2021 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Research is increasingly acknowledging the pivotal role of national human resource development (NHRD) in economic development. There is a growing call to conduct research in country-specific contexts to further explore this concept and the factors that influence its outcomes. The concept differs from one country to another; therefore, many human resource development (HRD) studies focus on one country. However, few have focused on the Middle East region, and there has been even less research on Oman. The aim here is to fill this research gap by evaluating information gathered from across the Duqm Special Economic Zone (DSEZ) in Oman and analyze Oman’s HRD practices. Specifically, the intent is to identify the gap in skillsets in Oman and to develop an NHRD model that is appropriate for the country’s economic requirements for national skills development.Unfunde
The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Interest Groups, Lobbying and Public Affairs
No full text© 2022 The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG.Encyclopedia entryUnfunde
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