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Factors associated with the length of inpatient stay of individuals with intellectual disability and autistic individuals across north of England
Get PDFThis author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence. This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please contact [email protected] to NHS statistics, as of July 2023 there were around 2045 people with intellectual disability and autistic people in mental health and specialist hospitals. Details of their inpatient stay were captured through Assuring Transformation data returns (NHS Digital 2023) and includes data on all types of mental health hospitals. This study aims to understand the characteristics of people with intellectual disability and of autistic adults who are in inpatient settings across north of England in February 2022. It explores the clinical and demographic factors that might have an impact on the length of their inpatient stay.
This is a cross sectional study using routinely collected demographic and clinical data in 2022 of inpatients across the north of England.
A total of 625 patients were in an inpatient setting across the north of England at the time of the data collection. The results indicate that the underlying diagnostic category, region, nature of inpatient service, legal framework, reason for admission and outcome of Care (Education) and Treatment Reviews are factors that are associated with the person’s length of stay in a hospital.
This study highlighted the need review our community models of care to meet needs of those with intellectual disability. It further highlighted the need to collect and analyse longitudinal data, address social care needs, and further understand the factors linked to regional variations.
This is a first study that investigated the factors associated with length of stay using inpatient data from across the north of England. It provides new insights into the factors that affect length of stay.Unfunde
Mentoring in Health, Social Care and Beyond: A Handbook for Practice, Training and Research
Get PDF© Pavilion Publishing and Media Ltd.Peer mentoring, delivered by people with shared experiences, has grown rapidly across the globe in recent decades (Munn-Giddings and Borkman, 2017). This (multi)national development is underpinned by ‘lived experience’ movements pressing for democratic inclusion, and consumerist notions of user involvement as a lever of efficiency and effectiveness (Beresford 2002). Peer mentoring is a ‘method’ to implement the ‘theory’ of lived experience involvement and the closely related theories of participation, and coproduction, but it has largely been overlooked in health and social care texts and consequently in professional training. To bridge this gap, this chapter will introduce lived experience involvement in health and social care and examples of peer mentoring, before focusing on criminal justice as a case study to explore how the strengths of peer mentoring can be harnessed and the pitfalls avoided.Unfunded200-year originally applied as unsure of publisher's OA policy. Publisher contacted and gave us permission to remove the embargo on the AAM. Embargo removed on 02/12/2024
Distribution and predictors of haemophilia-related costs in the United Kingdom: analysis of the CHESS I and CHESS II burden of illness studies
Get PDF© The Author(s) 2024Background: Few studies have evaluated direct medical or societal costs of haemophilia in the United Kingdom (UK), and how patient characteristics impact future costs is uncertain. Cost predictors were identified and examined using cross-sectional data from the CHESS I and II studies. Methods: Patient- and physician-reported outcomes were analysed for UK adult males aged ≤ 65, with haemophilia A or B and no recent clinical trial participation. Demographics, haemophilia type and severity, inhibitors, annual bleed rate (ABR), problem joints (PJs), treatment type, and comorbidities, were utilised in regression analyses. Health-related quality of life was assessed using EQ-5D. Generalised linear models estimated expected non-drug haemophilia-related direct medical costs (DMC) and societal costs (non-drug DMC, direct non-medical and indirect costs). Average marginal effects (AMEs) determined predictors of cost. Results: Costs for 378 patients were analysed. Mean age was 33 years and 79% (299) had haemophilia A. Mean annual per-patient DMC were £165,001 (including factor treatment costs) and £4,091 when excluding factor replacement treatment costs (non-drug DMC). Mean annual per-patient non-treatment societal costs were £11,550 (standard deviation £20,171) among those with data available (n = 51). Number of PJs, ABR, and treatment regimen were significant determinants of haemophilia-related non-drug DMC (all P < 0.001). Non-drug DMC increased as ABR increased (AMEs were £2,018 for ABR 1–5, £3,101 for ABR 6–10 and £5,785 for ABR ≥ 11, vs. ABR 0) and by £1,869 per additional PJ. No significant predictors of non-drug haemophilia-related societal costs were identified. Mean EQ-5D score was 0.66, with lower scores observed for people with haemophilia B (0.48) compared with haemophilia A (0.71) and with increasing haemophilia severity. Conclusions: UK direct medical and societal costs of haemophilia are substantial. Non-drug DMC were particularly associated with ABR and number of PJs. These findings may be useful for real-world evaluations of the economic burden of haemophilia in the UK.Pfizer Ltd. CHESS II study was supported by unrestricted research grants from Sanofi, BioMarin and Takeda
Error analysis for semilinear stochastic subdiffusion with integrated fractional Gaussian noise
Get PDF© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, SwitzerlandWe analyze the error estimates of a fully discrete scheme for solving a semilinear stochastic subdiffusion problem driven by integrated fractional Gaussian noise with a Hurst parameter H∈(0,1). The covariance operator Q of the stochastic fractional Wiener process satisfies ∥A−ρQ1/2∥HS < ∞ for some ρ∈[0,1), where ∥·∥HS denotes the Hilbert–Schmidt norm. The Caputo fractional derivative and Riemann–Liouville fractional integral are approximated using Lubich’s convolution quadrature formulas, while the noise is discretized via the Euler method. For the spatial derivative, we use the spectral Galerkin method. The approximate solution of the fully discrete scheme is represented as a convolution between a piecewise constant function and the inverse Laplace transform of a resolvent-related function. By using this convolution-based representation and applying the Burkholder–Davis–Gundy inequality for fractional Gaussian noise, we derive the optimal convergence rates for the proposed fully discrete scheme. Numerical experiments confirm that the computed results are consistent with the theoretical findings.This research was funded by the Shanxi Natural Science Foundation Project: “Analysis and Computation of the Fractional Phase Field Model of Lithium Batteries”, 2022, No. 202103021224317
“Some people sit, some people stand, that’s just what we do ”: A qualitative exploration of sit-stand desk use in naturalistic settings
Get PDF© The Author(s) 2024.The version of record of this article, first published in [Occupational Health Science], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s41542-024-00176-0Prolonged sedentary behaviour is associated with poor health. Office-based workers spend much of the working day sitting. Sit-stand desks have become a popular intervention, but real-life experiences of the value of sit-stand desks remain relatively unexplored outside of research-led interventions. A qualitative study was therefore undertaken to explore real-life experiences, including perceived barriers, and facilitators of using sit-stand desks. Six focus-group interviews were undertaken with a total of 34 desk-based employees in North-West England. Interviews were transcribed and analysed using thematic analysis. Three main themes emerged: The Sedentary Office, Motivators, and The Active Office. The Sedentary Office highlighted participants’ frustration with an increasingly sedentary office environment. Motivators to reducing sitting time were knowledge of the health consequences of prolonged sitting, previous (ill) health, and the potential benefits expected. The Active Office highlighted the importance of control, choice, enhanced interaction with colleagues, and the benefits associated with moving more and enhancing an overall sense of workplace wellbeing. Perceived benefits, facilitators, and barriers - experienced and observed – from sit-stand desk use in the real world were examined, thus contributing to important discussions of transferability. Overall, the study shed light on the perceived facilitators, benefits, and drawbacks of sit-stand desk work whilst also giving evidence of the real-world acceptability and research translation of sit-stand desk use. Future research should examine this in multiple contexts and should explore implications of an increasing prevalence in home working.Unfunde
Designing Women’s Apparel: Approaches to Constructing Silhouette to Represent Emotion
Get PDFThis study considers visual representations of emotion in the forms of new women's apparel. It employs practice-based research methods, using processes of new apparel design, production and analysis to make hypotheses, design and undertake experiments and demonstrate findings. The research methods utilised within the study bring practice and theory to bear upon one another, two interrogate relationships between form, silhouette and emotion in the design of women’s apparel.
Consumer research, colour analysis, historical investigation, prototyping and testing were used to answer research questions. Surveys were employed to gather insights on the extent of emotional recognition in the finished garments in 'Experiment Three: Recognizing Emotion'. Across Section 2, historical references were explored within subcultures to determine the stereotypical connotations associated with shape and form in apparel design. The approach to apparel design included moulage informed by the theory in Section 2 and experiment results.
The study contextualises these methods by referring to aspects of existing, related explanations of the experience of emotions and apparel, in other disciplines. Multi-modal metaphor theory, theories of image schemata, and emotive processing provide the related theoretical frames for the study. Embodied cognition is not the topic of the study. However, the study pioneers the use of embodied metaphor within garment design and construction, following a hypothesis by Johnson & Lakoff (2003). The impact of introducing textile semantics within the scope of the study, is an area considered for further study (see Page 330).
Finally, the study demonstrates a way in which theories of embodied metaphor and bodily force dynamics can be utilised to explain experiences of emotion in the forms of new women's apparel, as well as suggesting ways in which these can be used in apparel design processes. This was demonstrated in three experiments. The first experiment explored the relationship between connotations, emotion, and silhouette. The second experiment tested social responses. The experiment articulated the bodily force dynamics producing different emotions and the ways in which these dynamics interact with different forms of apparel. For the third experiment I asked a further group of participants to describe their own emotional responses to new garments that I designed to represent specific emotions. The garments designs were derived from analysis of the outcomes of Experiments One and Two.
The results from ‘Experiment One: Representing Emotion’ allowed for a greater understanding of how emotion is viewed and constructed, which led to the construction of an experiment response guide code, used as a tool in the design process.
Experiment Two: Image Schema and Force Dynamics’ identified the force dynamics on the body that occur in a response to an emotion. Consideration of these as part of a design process aided the visualisation of emotions. The dynamics placed on the body by the garment itself mimics that of the human emotional response.
Experiment Three: Recognising Emotion demonstrated that there are key connotations associated with structural features and garments require the accumulation of several to steer between ambiguous keywords denoting emotions. This is reminiscent of the sequence of processes used to ascertain emotions.
The methods used in the study can be adopted by any designer, but the outcomes of different subjects adopting the method (for example, practitioners across the gender spectrum), will inevitably be different from the outcomes focused upon women’s apparel undertaken by a woman designer (the author) in this study
Author Correction: UK Reproducibility Network Open and Transparent Research Practices Survey Dataset
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Scientific Data], is available online at Publisher’s website: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03786-zIn the version of the article initially published, in the “Sampling” column of Table 1, the University of Sheffield was originally listed as “Opportunity” but has now been amended to “Stratified”. Additionally, in the fourth paragraph of the “Background & Summary” section, the text “In 2022, members of the UKRN published the results of the Brief Open Research Survey (BORS), which measured awareness and uptake of Open Research practices across the UKRN Local Networks. The survey found that respondents were most aware of Open Access publications, preprints and open data, and the most commonly reported means to foster further uptake of Open Research practices were incentives, dedicated funding, and recognition in promotion and recruitment criteria” has been added, alongside a new ref. 15: Norris, E. et al. Development of the brief open research survey (bors) to measure awareness and uptake of open research practices, https://doi.org/10.31222/osf.io/w48yh (2022). These corrections have been made to the HTML and PDF versions of the article.Research England Development Fun
Sweet mama: Affiliative interactions are related to the reproductive success of dominant female Alpine Marmots (Marmota marmota)
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Journal of Ethology], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10164-024-00825-5Sociality is a complex phenomenon, able to influence multiple traits of an individual life history. In group-living mammals, sociality is likely to play a major role in the reproductive success of individuals. Here we investigate how sociality traits are associated to reproductive success in female Alpine marmots (Marmota marmota), a highly social and cooperative breeding ground squirrel distributed in the European Alps. We used social network analysis to calculate sociality metrics and hurdle generalized linear mixed models (hurdle GLMMs) to model the relationship between sociality metrics and reproductive success of individually tagged female Alpine marmots. Our results showed that centrality of a reproductive female within her social group and the number of social partners are positively related to reproductive success, while agonistic behavior was not related with reproduction. Our results highlight the importance of affiliative interactions with other group members in cooperative breeders, suggesting that in such systems female fitness could be more related to social cohesion than to costs of agonistic behaviors to maintain dominance status.Unfunde
Breaking Down Barriers and Inequalities for Girls
Get PDFPresentation delivered on 8th March 2024 as part of an International Women’s Event held by St. Mary’s College, Kerala, India.Unfunde
Molecular Docking, DFT and Antiproliferative Properties of 4‐(3,4‐dimethoxyphenyl)−3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)−1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine as Potent Anticancer Agent with CDK2 and PIM1 Inhibition Potency
Get PDFThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Binjubair, F. A., Almansour, B. S., Ziedan, N. I., Abdel‐Aziz, A. A.‐M., Al‐Rashood, S. T., Elgohary, M. K., Elkotamy, M. S., & Abdel‐Aziz, H. A. (2024). Molecular docking, DFT and antiproliferative properties of 4-(3,4-dimethoxyphenyl)−3-(4-methoxyphenyl)−1-phenyl-1H-pyrazolo[3,4-b]pyridine as potent anticancer agent with CDK2 and PIM1 inhibition potency. Drug Development Research, 85(7), e70009], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1002/ddr.70009] This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.Due to the limited effeteness and safety concerns associated with current cancer treatments, there is a pressing need to develop novel therapeutic agents. 4‐(3,4‐Dimethoxyphenyl)−3‐(4‐methoxyphenyl)−1‐phenyl‐1H‐pyrazolo[3,4‐b]pyridine (3) was synthesized and Initially screened on 59 cancer cell lines showed promising anticancer activity, so, it was chosen for a 5‐dose experiment by the NCI/USA. The GI50 values ranged from 1.04 to 8.02 μM on the entire nine panels (57 cell lines), with a GI50 of 2.70 μM for (MG‐MID) panel, indicating an encouraging action. To further explore the molecular attributes of compound 3, we optimized its structure using DFT with the B3LYP/6‐31 + + G(d,p) basis set. We have considered vibrational analysis, bond lengths and angles, FMOs, and MEP for the structure. Additionally, pharmacokinetic assessments were conducted using various in‐silico platforms to evaluate the compound safety. A molecular modeling study created a kinase profile on 44 different kinases. This allowed us to study our compound's binding affinity to these kinases and compare it to the co‐crystallized one. Our findings revealed compound 3 exhibited better binding for half of the tested kinases, suggesting its potential as a multi‐kinase inhibitor. To further validate our computational results, we tested compound 3 for its inhibitory effects on CDK2 and PIM1. Compound 3 exhibited an IC50 of 0.30 µM for CDK2 inhibition, making it five times less active than Roscovitine, which has an IC50 of 0.06 µM. However, compound 3 demonstrated slightly better inhibition of PIM1 compared to Staurosporine. These findings suggest that compound 3 is a promising anticancer agent with the potential for further development into a highly active compound.Researchers Supporting Project number (RSP-2024/103), King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.AAM added to record 07/11/202
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