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Detecting Deception
Get PDFThis is a post-peer-review, pre-copy edited version of an chapter published in Forensic Psychology, Crime and Policing. Details of the definitive published version and how to purchase it are available online at: https://policy.bristoluniversitypress.co.uk/forensic-psychology-crime-and-policingThis chapter presents an overview of research on how we may be able to detect deception. Key ideas, findings, and challenges are outlined, and contexts in which the assessment of credibility may be relevant are considered. Four major approaches to detecting deception are discussed and evaluated; observing non-verbal behaviour, measuring physiological responses, measuring neural activity, and analysing verbal accounts. The focus is directed at approaches that have the greatest utility in an applied policing context and in investigative interviewing. The chapter also explores strategies to elicit cues to deception and maximise the differences between liars and truth-tellers, and dispels some common misconceptions
A Worldwide Test of the Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preference-Matching
Get PDF©American Psychological Association, [2024]. This paper is not the copy of record and may not exactly replicate the authoritative document published in the APA journal. The final article is available, upon publication, at: https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000524Ideal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference-matching (i.e., do people positively evaluate partners who match versus mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in several problems. First, articles exhibit discrepant analytic and reporting practices. Second, different findings emerge across laboratories worldwide, perhaps because they sample different relationship contexts and/or populations. This registered report—partnered with the Psychological Science Accelerator—uses a highly powered design (N=10,358) across 43 countries and 22 languages to estimate preference-matching effect sizes. The most rigorous tests revealed significant preference-matching effects in the whole sample and for partnered and single participants separately. The “corrected pattern metric” that collapses across 35 traits revealed a zero-order effect of β=.19 and an effect of β=.11 when included alongside a normative preference-matching metric. Specific traits in the “level metric” (interaction) tests revealed very small (average β=.04) effects. Effect sizes were similar for partnered participants who reported ideals before entering a relationship, and there was no consistent evidence that individual differences moderated any effects. Comparisons between stated and revealed preferences shed light on gender differences and similarities: For attractiveness, men’s and (especially) women’s stated preferences underestimated revealed preferences (i.e., they thought attractiveness was less important than it actually was). For earning potential, men’s stated preferences underestimated—and women’s stated preferences overestimated—revealed preferences. Implications for the literature on human mating are discussed.FundedANRT CIFRE-WWF grant 2020/0738; Basic Research Program at HSE University, RF; IDN Being Human Lab (University of Wroclaw); John Templeton Foundation (#62295), U.S. National Science Foundation (#2235066); John Templeton Foundation (Grant ID: 62631); Australian Research Council (Grant ID: DP180102384); JSPS KAKENHI: JP20H04581, JP21H03784, and JP22K18263; Ministry of Science, Technological Development and Innovation of the Republic of Serbia (grant no. 451-03-47/2023-01/ 200163); National Science Foundation Grant BCS-1941440; UC Davis Small Research Grant; NIH K23DK115820; NPO EXCELES: Systemic Risk Institute (LX22NPO5101); PRIMUS/24/SSH/017 and APVV-22-0458; Sabanci University Integration Grant B.A.CG-20-02170; Statutory funds of the Department of Psychology and Cognitive Science, Adam Mickiewicz University; UID/PSI/03125/2022; VEGA 1/0853/21, APVV-19-0284
Introduction to the Special Issue of Genealogy on Surnames
Get PDFIntroduction to the Special Issue of Genealogy on SurnamesUnfunde
Pandora's Box (2006)
No full textPublishing information and table of contents for issue 4 (2006)Founded 2003, Pandora’s Box is an annual literary periodical publishing a selection of the year’s best creative writing by students and staff at the University of Chester.N/
Pandora's Box (2014)
No full textPublishing information and table of contents for issue 12 (2014)Founded 2003, Pandora’s Box is an annual literary periodical publishing a selection of the year’s best creative writing by students and staff at the University of Chester.N/
The Student-Parent's Guide to Open Days
No full textThis short guide is to help you feel in control of your open day experience. It will help you gather the information you need to make an informed decision about whether the setting you're visiting is right for you and your family commitments.n/
Associate Teachers' perceptions of reciprocal teaching and learning in Physical Education lessons
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education on 29/06/2024, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/25742981.2024.2363936Physical Education (PE) Initial Teacher Education (ITE) programmes are responsible for preparing teachers who can address the needs of an ever-changing and increasingly diverse student population. This paper analyses associate teachers' (ATs) use of the reciprocal approach and the perceived impact on students' learning and social inclusion in PE lessons. Questionnaires and group interviews with 23 ATs were used to explore the impact of the reciprocal approach. Thematic analysis was then used to interrogate the data and identify patterns of response. The findings revealed that ATs valued the reciprocal approach for its impact on students' motor skills and understanding. Moreover, the ATs identified an effect on inclusion and language development, particularly for English as an Additional Language students. These findings have implications for providers of ITE as the distinct features of the reciprocal approach helped ATs to develop their practice and address the needs of their students.Unfunde
Non-invasive Scores and Serum Biomarkers for Fatty Liver in the Era of Metabolic Dysfunction-associated Steatotic Liver Disease (MASLD): A Comprehensive Review From NAFLD to MAFLD and MASLD
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Current Obesity Reports], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13679-024-00574-zThe prevalence of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is rapidly increasing worldwide, making it the leading cause of liver related morbidity and mortality. Currently, liver biopsy is the gold standard for assessing individuals with steatohepatitis and fibrosis. However, its invasiveness, sampling variability, and impracticality for large-scale screening has driven the search for non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and staging. In this review, we comprehensively summarise the evidence on the diagnostic performance and limitations of existing non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores in the diagnosis and evaluation of steatosis, steatohepatitis, and fibrosis. Several non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores have been developed over the last decade, although none has successfully been able to replace liver biopsy. The introduction of new NAFLD terminology, namely metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) and more recently metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD), has initiated a debate on the interchangeability of these terminologies. Indeed, there is a need for more research on the variability of the performance of non-invasive serum biomarkers and scores across the diagnostic entities of NAFLD, MAFLD and MASLD. There remains a significant need for finding valid and reliable non-invasive methods for early diagnosis and assessment of steatohepatitis and fibrosis to facilitate prompt risk stratification and management to prevent disease progression and complications. Further exploration of the landscape of MASLD under the newly defined disease subtypes is warranted, with the need for more robust evidence to support the use of commonly used serum scores against the new MASLD criteria and validation of previously developed scores. [Abstract copyright: © 2024. The Author(s).]Unfunde
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