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Introduction: The Dynamics of Migration Policy Implementation: The Frontline and Beyond
No full textThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article, Fargues, É., & Sredanovic, D. (2025). Introduction: The Dynamics of Migration Policy Implementation: The Frontline and Beyond. Social Policy & Administration, 59(4), 603-704., which has been published in final form at https://doi.org/10.1111/spol.13160. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.This special issue examines the complex dynamics of migration policy implementation across different contexts, in Europe and beyond, contributing to both implementation studies and migration studies by highlighting how policies are transformed through everyday bureaucratic work. The articles demonstrate that understanding migration policy implementation requires attention to interactions extending well beyond traditional frontline encounters. Through ethnographic and historical research across domains including asylum, nationality, detention, family reunification and border control, the collection reveals how implementation emerges through collaborative negotiations between multiple actors—street-level bureaucrats, legal experts, civil society organisations and private intermediaries. Three theoretical innovations emerge from this analysis. First, the collection shows how implementation involves collaborative knowledge production and epistemological negotiation, where different forms of expertise are assembled across institutional sites. Second, it demonstrates how documents and digital technologies fundamentally reshape implementation landscapes, creating new dependencies while promising efficiency. Third, it highlights how language, translation and communication practices become crucial sites of power negotiation in policy implementation. By examining implementation ‘at the frontline and beyond’, this collection advances understanding of migration governance as a multi-actor, technologically mediated and communicatively complex process, offering essential insights into the gap between policy intentions and outcomes in contemporary migration control.N/
“It’s not as clear cut as autistic boys versus autistic girls.” Exploring autistic girls’ experiences of mainstream secondary education
Get PDFTraditionally research and academic writing associated with autism in education has focused on males. Consequently, a range of complex factors have led to the misdiagnosis or late diagnosis of autistic female learners, rendering their needs unrecognised and inappropriately supported. This ethnographic study, based in a mainstream Welsh-medium secondary school, drew upon a semi-structured interview with nine autistic females to explore their academic and social experiences, and the significance they believed that being an autistic female had on their relationships with their teachers and peers. The findings imply that while autistic adolescent girls may continue to encounter challenges relating to sensory differences and peer/teacher relations in secondary education, many of these challenges are also experienced by autistic males. However, the study highlights the impact of socially constructed gender norms on the way in which autistic girls’ presentations are understood and received by non-autistic peers and teachers. Rather than reinforcing female autistic stereotypes, it is advised that further understanding is promoted about the diverse experiences and presentations of autistic girls, and how autism intersects with various aspects of identity. Personalised and relational pedagogical approaches, which give voice to autistic girls, and involve them in planning their own learning are also encouraged.N/
A corrected L1 scheme for solving a tempered subdiffusion equation with nonsmooth data
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier B.V.In this paper, we consider a time semi-discrete scheme for a tempered subdiffusion equation with nonsmooth data. Due to the low regularity of the solution, the optimal convergence rate cannot be achieved when the L1 time-stepping scheme is directly applied to discretize the tempered fractional derivative. By introducing a correction term at the initial time step, we propose a corrected L1 scheme which recover to the optimal convergence rate. Theoretical error estimates and numerical experiments validate the improvement.This work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12371404, by the Science Basic Research Plan in Shaanxi Province of China under Grant No. 2023-JC-YB-045, and by the China Scholarship Council (CSC)
Place characteristics that determine citizens’ nature experiences in urban open space
Get PDF© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Urban open spaces (UOS) as everyday accessible environments are important for citizens’ nature experiences. Rich perceptions of nature reflected in emotions may facilitate a positive human–nature interaction. However, current survey methods do not capture citizens’ emotional nature perceptions. Humans’ emotional perceptions can be captured through arts-based methods such as storytelling but that has not been empirically tested in UOS. In addition, the characteristics of UOS that contribute to such perceptions are unknown. The aim was to explore citizens’ place-inspired perceptions to identify the characteristics that build positive experiences of urban nature. Therefore, UOS characteristics contributing to nature experiences were identified through citizens’ place-inspired stories. We applied digitally enabled spontaneous self-articulated in situ storytelling (DESIS storytelling) at 100 benches located in places with diverse characteristics in Espoo city in the capital region of Finland. We sampled all the 2368 digital clips of stories reflecting perceptions of the100 places. We also performed field observations about the characteristics of 22 places representative of the physical diversity and half of the clips of stories to examine the extent to which citizens’ perceptions of the places depended on the physical characteristics. The results indicated that the arts-based method of DESIS storytelling enables the capture of emotional nature experiences that acknowledge place-based characteristics, contributing to a stronger human–nature connection. Physical characteristics such as scenic views and sheltered environments tended to enrich nature experiences. Mysterious nature elements, in particular, facilitated emotional and embodied perceptions, which playing activities tended to decrease. The findings help to successfully design and manage places that enhance citizens’ connection to nature and encourage a more sustainable urban future.Unfunde
Automatic detection of glaucoma via fundus imaging and artificial intelligence: A review
Get PDF© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.Glaucoma is a leading cause of irreversible vision impairment globally, and cases are continuously rising worldwide. Early detection is crucial, allowing timely intervention that can prevent further visual field loss. To detect glaucoma an examination of the optic nerve head via fundus imaging can be performed, at the center of which is the assessment of the optic cup and disc boundaries. Fundus imaging is noninvasive and low-cost; however, image examination relies on subjective, time-consuming, and costly expert assessments. A timely question to ask is: "Can artificial intelligence mimic glaucoma assessments made by experts?" Specifically, can artificial intelligence automatically find the boundaries of the optic cup and disc (providing a so-called segmented fundus image) and then use the segmented image to identify glaucoma with high accuracy? We conducted a comprehensive review on artificial intelligence-enabled glaucoma detection frameworks that produce and use segmented fundus images and summarized the advantages and disadvantages of such frameworks. We identified 36 relevant papers from 2011 to 2021 and 2 main approaches: 1) logical rule-based frameworks, based on a set of rules; and 2) machine learning/statistical modeling-based frameworks. We critically evaluated the state-of-art of the 2 approaches, identified gaps in the literature and pointed at areas for future research.This work was supported by a PhD studentship funding from the British Council for Prevention of Blindnes
The long-term impact of climate change on growth: Evidence from Chinese provinces
Get PDFWe used more than sixty years of macroeconomic data at the province level in China in conjunction with the split/half-panel jackknife FE econometric approach to examine the impacts of climate change on China's economic growth from 1953 to 2015. Although the temperature rises less significantly than the global average and the US, we find that the temperature of 0.01° C above and below its historical norms reduces the growth of the GRP per capita by 0.2665 and 0.417 percentage points on average per year, which is much higher than the global average and the US. Surprisingly, the service sector is the most sensitive to temperature deviations compared to the agriculture and manufacturing industries. The adverse effects of temperature below the historical norms in China were adapted by reducing salary growth, increasing the number of employees and government expenditures, and improving trade openness to become less effective in more recent years. However, there is no significant evidence of adaptation application effectiveness across the provinces to the increasing temperature above its historical norms. Using four climate change estimation projects and predictions on temperatures rising, the accumulated temperature deviations above the historical average could cause 10.87 to 18.24 (28.99 to 54.74) annual GDP per capita growth percentage points under the Representative Concentration Pathways 1.9 (8.5). In other words, assuming the provincial yearly GDP per capita growth equals five percentage points on average, the total economic losses without applying any carbon neutrality policies will cause 6.82% to 12.88% of the economic losses by 2100, which is approximately 2.67-2.82 times higher than applying policies.Unfunde
Initial self-embeddings of models of set theory
Get PDFThis article has been published in a revised form in [Journal of Symbolic Logic] [http://doi.org/10.1017/jsl.2021.62]. This version is published under a Creative Commons CC-BY-NC-ND licence. No commercial re-distribution or re-use allowed. Derivative works cannot be distributed. © Association for Symbolic Logic 2021.By a classical theorem of Harvey Friedman (1973), every countable nonstandard model MM of a sufficiently strong fragment of ZF has a proper rank-initial self-embedding j, i.e., j is a self-embedding of MM such that j[M]⊊Mj[M]⊊M , and the ordinal rank of each member of j[M]j[M] is less than the ordinal rank of each element of M∖j[M]M∖j[M] . Here, we investigate the larger family of proper initial-embeddings j of models MM of fragments of set theory, where the image of j is a transitive submodel of MM . Our results include the following three theorems. In what follows, ZF−ZF− is ZFZF without the power set axiom; WOWO is the axiom stating that every set can be well-ordered; WF(M)WF(M) is the well-founded part of MM ; and Π1∞-DCαΠ∞1-DCα is the full scheme of dependent choice of length αα .
Theorem A.
There is an ωω -standard countable nonstandard model MM of ZF−+WOZF−+WO that carries no initial self-embedding j:M⟶Mj:M⟶M other than the identity embedding.
Theorem B.
Every countable ωω -nonstandard model MM of ZF ZF is isomorphic to a transitive submodel of the hereditarily countable sets of its own constructible universe LMLM .
Theorem C.
The following three conditions are equivalent for a countable nonstandard model MM of ZF−+WO+∀α Π1∞-DCαZF−+WO+∀α Π∞1-DCα .
1. (I) There is a cardinal in MM that is a strict upper bound for the cardinality of each member of WF(M)WF(M) .
2. (II) WF(M)WF(M) satisfies the powerset axiom.
3. (III) For all n∈ωn∈ω and for all b∈Mb∈M , there exists a proper initial self-embedding j:M⟶Mj:M⟶M such that b∈rng(j)b∈rng(j) and j[M]≺nMj[M]≺nM .Unfunde
Macaque mothers’ responses to the deaths of their infants
Get PDFAlthough it is understood that all humans grieve the death of close social partners, little empirical research has addressed animals’ responses to death. In this study, we collected quantitative data on the behaviour of 11 bereaved rhesus macaque (Macaca mulatta) mothers at Cayo Santiago to the natural deaths of their infants and matched, non-bereaved controls. Our research focused on behavioural signs of grief, including loss of appetite, lethargy, increased stress and social withdrawal, highlighting that such responses are documented in the human literature, but could be found in mammalian taxa. Using mixed models, we found that, contrary to prediction, bereaved mothers spent less time resting than the non-bereaved control females in the first two weeks after their infants’ deaths. There were no other behavioural markers of grief. We conclude that mothers showed a short-term behavioural response to their bereavement that does not match human’s prolonged ‘despair’ grief. We propose that mothers’ behavioural responses might be a form of ‘protest’ grief, as is seen in primate infants when separated from mothers and in humans, or do not grieve. We hope to advance the field of comparative thanatology by providing a framework and novel predictions for future studies in this area.Liz Boekholt, Alex Piel, Paul Czarkowski, Ingrid Vaughan, Aqib Mirza, Anja Skroblin, Lee Gerchow, Carolin Eberhart, Gillian Sandstrom, Jessica Raffaele, Adam Carter, Ana Rathbone, Aquilina Fueyo Gutierrez, Kelly Kokot, Helen Carfrae, Alyssa Arre, Alex Pritchard, Veronika Eve, Henry Marshall, Richard Moore, Tom Raymond, Amy Karney, Alison Gifford, Jean-Christophe Nebel, Lucy Radford, Jarek Francik, Feroza Ahmad, Sarah Barman, James Denholm-Price, David Lang and several anonymous backers. E.A.J. received funding from the Turing Scheme
A tradition of dissent: Integrating social justice-oriented citizenship education through history teaching in secondary schools
No full text© [Intellect Ltd, 2025]. The definitive, peer reviewed and edited version of this article is published in [Citizenship Teaching & Learning, 20, 2, 231-247, 2025, https://doi.org/10.1386/ctl_00181_1].This article examines the integration of social justice-oriented citizenship education (SJCE) into history teaching in secondary schools (ages 11–16), aiming to empower students with the knowledge, skills and dispositions necessary for active democratic citizenship. Grounded in the principles of SJCE, the article argues that history provides unique opportunities for fostering critical thinking, agency and a commitment to social justice. Through innovative pedagogical approaches, such as dialogic teaching and historical enquiry, history teaching can transcend rote memorization to critically engage with themes of inequality, resistance and societal change. By fostering empathy through historical narratives, such as the story of William and Ellen Craft, students can connect past struggles with contemporary social and political issues. The article concludes that integrating SJCE into history teaching can nurture reflective, active citizens capable of shaping a more equitable and democratic future.Unfunde
Effect of a fortified dairy-based drink on micronutrient status, growth, and cognitive development of Nigerian toddlers- a dose-response study
Get PDF© 2022 Senbanjo, Owolabi, Oshikoya, Hageman, Adeniyi, Samuel, Melse-Boonstra and Schaafsma.Malnutrition results in a high prevalence of stunting, underweight, and micronutrient deficiencies. This study investigated the effect of a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink on micronutrient status, growth, and cognitive development in malnourished [height-for-age z-score (HAZ) and/or weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) < -1 SD and >-3 SD] Nigerian toddlers (n = 184, 1-3 years). The product was provided in different daily amounts (200, 400, or 600 ml) for 6 months. At baseline and endline, venous blood and urine samples were collected to determine micronutrient status. Bodyweight, height, waist, and head circumference were measured, and corresponding Z-scores were calculated. The Bayley-III Screening Test was used to classify the cognitive development of the children. In a modified per-protocol (PP) population, the highest prevalence's of micronutrient deficiencies were found for vitamin A (35.5%) and selenium (17.9%). At endline, there were no significant improvements in iodine, zinc, vitamin B12, and folate status in any of the three groups. Regarding vitamin D status (25OHD), consumption of 600 and 400 ml resulted in an improved status as compared to baseline, and in a difference between the 600- and 200-ml groups. Consumption of 600 ml also increased vitamin A and selenium status as compared to baseline, but no differences were found between groups. Within the groups, WAZ, weight-for-height z-score (WHZ), and BMI-for-age z-score (BAZ) improved, but without differences between the groups. For HAZ, only the 600 ml group showed improvement within the group, but it was not different between groups. For the absolute weight, height, and head circumference only trends for differences between groups were indicated. Cognition results did not differ between the groups. Within groups, all showed a decline in the per cent of competent children for receptive language. To study the effects of a nutritional intervention on linear growth and cognition, a longer study duration might be necessary. Regarding the improvement of micronutrient status, 600 ml of fortified dairy-based drink seems most effective.This study was sponsored by FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, Netherlands
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