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Invisible identities: Privacy-aware object detection for autonomous vehicles and public surveillance
Full text link© 2025 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Anonymising visual data dynamically presents challenges for achieving privacy and security by design, as currently addressed by Privacy-Enhancing Technologies (PETs) and Security-Enhancing Technologies (SETs). The need to decrypt data before applying anonymization or masking techniques introduces potential vulnerabilities, where data could be exposed during processing. This article provides a comprehensive solution to implement robust security measures throughout the entire data lifecycle, including training machine learning models on data without applying differential privacy. Our approach ensures end-to-end encryption to protect data at rest, during processing, and in transit. We encrypt the region of interest in visual imagery at the source, allowing machine learning or deep learning models to use it directly for training purposes. This ensures models focus on abstract visual information rather than private details such as facial features or clothing colour. Our work demonstrates that machine learning models trained on privacy-aware data can be as accurate as those trained on raw data. We employed widely used AES encryption and object detectors like YOLO, Single Shot MultiBox Detector (SSD-MobileNetv1-FPN-640x640, SSD-ResNet101-FPN-640x640), and the EfficientDet family (EfficientDet-D0 and EfficientDet-D1) for detection and classification of visual objects.unfunde
Routledge Handbook of Death and Burial in the Viking Age
No full textThis is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by Routledge in [Routledge Handbook of Death and Burial in the Viking Age] on [date of publication], available online: http://www.routledge.com/[BOOK ISBN URL]Why does Viking period mortuary practice matter in contemporary society? Necro-Vikingisms in contemporary society are inspired by mythology and historical sources, and informed by ever-increasing archaeological evidence. In this way, Viking period Scandinavian attitudes and practices towards dying, death and the dead pervade our popular culture far beyond academia, museums and heritage sites. As a case study in contemporary Necro-Vikingisms, this paper critically evaluates the prominent multiple funerals of the long-running and popular television show Vikings (2013–2020) as a means of exploring modern-day uses of Viking death ways and their relationship with mortalities past and present. The chapter focuseson the varied, complex and extravagant funerals in the twenty episodes of season 5 which first aired from 29 November 2017 to 30 January 2019.unfunde
Prevalence and determinants of HIV testing among adolescent girls and young women in 28 sub-Saharan African countries
Full text linkThe version of record of this article, first published in [BMC Public Health], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-25828-wBackground: HIV and AIDS remain a major global public health issue with the largest burden in sub-Saharan African (SSA) (SSA) countries. Adolescent girls and young women (AGYW) in the sub-Saharan African region experience intersecting vulnerabilities that may increase their exposure to HIV, while also constraining their engagement with treatment and care. HIV testing is crucial in the AIDS response for both prevention and treatment, therefore, necessitating understanding of HIV testing practices, especially among priority populations. We examined HIV testing and associated factors among AGYW (15–24 years) in 28 SSA countries.
Methods: We analysed Demographic and Health Survey datasets from 28 SSA countries from 2010–2022 focusing on data collected from AGYW aged 15–24 (n=58,263) who had screened for HIV in the last survey conducted in each country. We merged all weighted datasets from 28 countries to generate the prevalence of HIV testing among AGYW in each country and to provide an overall prevalence in SSA. We then conducted bivariate and multivariable binary logistic regression analysis to examine factors associated with HIV testing and presented the results in crude odds ratio [cOR] and adjusted odds ratio [aOR] with corresponding confidence intervals (CIs).
Results: Our results showed that the overall prevalence of HIV testing among AGYW across the 28 SSA countries was 63%, with Zambia and Mali having the highest and lowest prevalence at 76% 6.70% respectively. Being in the age bracket 20–24 [aOR=2.22, 95% CI=2.08–2.37], comprehensive HIV knowledge [aOR=3.76, 95% CI=2.60–5.43], higher formal education [aOR=2.23, 95% CI=2.02–2.46], and three and above lifetime sexual partners [aOR=1.41, 95% CI=1.29–1.55] were all associated with HIV testing. Also, past year experience of STI [aOR=1.25, 95% CI=1.11–1.41], being employed [aOR=1.08, 95% CI=1.02–1.16], pregnancy history [aOR=1.09, 95% CI=1.03–1.14], high household wealth index [aOR=2.26, 95% CI=1.97–2.59] and being in a union [aOR=3.23, 95% CI=2.97–3.51] were associated with HIV testing.
Conclusion: Concerningly, 21 countries, representing 75% of the countries included in the current study, have HIV testing coverage below 50% for AGYW. Collaborative efforts are needed to fast-track HIV screening/testing for AGYW considering their disproportionate vulnerability to HIV exposure.unfunde
The efficacy and safety of Asciminib in the treatment of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A systematic review and meta-analysis
Full text linkChronic Myeloid Leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative neoplasm characterized by the presence of the BCR :ABL1 fusion gene, which drives leukemogenesis through aberrant tyrosine kinase activity. While first- and second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) have transformed the management of CML, treatment failure due to resistance or intolerance—especially in patients with the T315I mutation—remains a critical concern. Asciminib, a first-in-class STAMP inhibitor targeting the myristoyl pocket of ABL1, offers a novel therapeutic approach distinct from ATP-competitive TKIs. This systematic review summarizes current evidence on the efficacy and safety of Asciminib in adults with CML who have failed at least two prior TKIs. Data from eight clinical trials involving 1,093 patients revealed that Asciminib demonstrated superior major molecular response rates compared to Bosutinib and Ponatinib in patients without the T315I mutation, along with a favorable safety profile marked by fewer grade ≥3 adverse events and treatment discontinuations. However, its efficacy in T315I-mutant CML remains inconclusive and warrants further investigation. The unique mechanism of Asciminib and its tolerability profile support its clinical utility as a third-line agent in CML, with potential future applications in combination therapies and treatment-free remission strategies.unfunde
Capturing change: A quasi-longitudinal qualitative approach to motivation and engagement in workplace e-learning
No full text© Ceri Pimblett, Lisa Rowe and Alex Fenton.Purpose - The purpose of this paper is to examine how adult learners' motivation, engagement and knowledge retention evolve over time during participation in a workplace e-learning module. The study responds to calls for more longitudinal approaches to evaluate learning effectiveness and experience, recognising that cross-sectional designs provide only static insights into dynamic learning processes.
Design/methodology/approach - A quasi-longitudinal qualitative case study was conducted with ten workplace learners who were interviewed at three points: before, during and after completing an online e-learning module, producing 30 interviews in total. Reflexive thematic analysis supported by longitudinal coding enabled the identification of four core themes. Temporality was used as an analytical lens to trace shifts across baseline, midpoint and post-module stages.
Findings - Motivation shifted from compliance-driven expectations at baseline to relevance-driven during the module and intrinsically meaningful by completion. Engagement deepened as learners progressed from initial scepticism to valuing interactive features such as quizzes and exploratory tasks. Knowledge retention was supported by summaries, note-taking and the transfer of knowledge into workplace practice. Findings demonstrate that learner experiences unfold dynamically, and that meaning-making plays a central role in sustaining engagement and retention.
Originality/value - This study contributes to the limited body of longitudinal qualitative research in workplace e-learning. By operationalising time as data, it advances understanding of how motivation and engagement develop through the learning cycle and provides an evidence-based framework for evaluating digital learning aligned with the human-centric ethos of Industry 5.0.unfundedAAM swapped for VoR 06/03/202
Epilepsy-related stigma in Nigeria: A systematic review of manifestations, impacts, and socio-cultural drivers
Full text link© 2026 Boluwatife O. Alege, Chisom P. Agbo, Adeolu Anthony Olagunju.Background: Stigma poses significant challenges to the overall quality of life of people living with epilepsy (PLWE) in Nigeria; yet, there remains a limited understanding of the stigmatisation of PLWE.
Objectives: Guided by critical theory, the purpose of this systematic review is to synthesise evidence on the nature, impact, and socio-cultural drivers of epilepsy-related stigma in Nigeria. This review attempts to provide insights that could be useful for informing interventions to empower PLWE, reduce their burdens, improve their outcomes, and foster their inclusion in the Nigerian society.
Method: Literature search was conducted using six electronic databases – APA PsycINFO, Google Scholar, JSTOR, MEDLINE, PubMed, and Scopus – to identify relevant studies published between 2011 and 2024. Qualitative and quantitative studies were included. A total of 10 studies met the inclusion criteria and were analysed using thematic and narrative syntheses.
Results: The findings revealed that stigma is a multi-dimensional issue encompassing perceived, enacted, and internalised forms. Cultural misconceptions such as beliefs associating epilepsy with witchcraft, curses, and contagion were found to be the primary drivers of stigma. Economic barriers, gender-specific vulnerabilities, and social exclusion further perpetuate discrimination and healthcare disparities. Stigma is associated with social determinants of health, such as education, employment, and gender, to limit opportunities and quality of life for PLWE.
Conclusion: This study highlights that stigma adversely affects PLWE, perpetuating marginalisation, social isolation, and healthcare inequalities.
Contribution: Urgent action is required to implement culturally sensitive interventions, enhance healthcare policies, and increase awareness to address stigmatisation, ensuring equitable treatment and access.unfunde
Evaluating dialogue adaptability: A comparative study of self-feeding mechanisms in federated and centralized chatbot architectures
Full text link© 2025 IEEE. Personal use of this material is permitted. Permission from IEEE must be obtained for all other uses, in any current or future media, including reprinting/republishing this material for advertising or promotional purposes, creating new collective works, for resale or redistribution to servers or lists, or reuse of any copyrighted component of this work in other works.Evaluating chatbot adaptability after deployment remains critical for ensuring ongoing relevance and user satisfaction. While previous research compared federated vs. traditional architectures for intent classification, the post-deployment adaptation capabilities of chatbots-particularly through self-feeding mechanisms-remain relatively unexplored. This paper evaluates self-feeding mechanisms in federated and centralized chatbot architectures, specifically investigating the impact of explicit and implicit user feedback on chatbot adaptability post-deployment. We empirically assess the effectiveness of these feedback loops in addressing data drift and improving intent classification accuracy over time. Through a comparative analysis, the study highlights distinct strengths and limitations in each approach, providing new insights into how chatbots can continuously enhance user experience and learning performance. Our findings emphasize the critical role of self-feeding mechanisms for sustainable chatbot operations, extending beyond initial training toward robust, ongoing performance improvements, complementing the literature on privacy-centric federated chatbot systems.unfunde
Long time stability and strong convergence of an efficient tamed scheme for stochastic Allen-Cahn equation driven by additive white noise
No full text© 2026 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. on behalf of IMACS.Huang and Shen [Math. Comput. 92 (2023) 2685–2713] proposed a semi-implicit tamed scheme for the numerical approximation of stochastic Allen–Cahn equations driven by multiplicative trace-class noise. They showed that the scheme is unconditionally stable on finite time intervals and can be efficiently implemented. In this paper, we investigate the long-time stability of this tamed scheme for stochastic Allen–Cahn equations driven by additive white noise. We also address the strong convergence analysis of the associated fully discrete scheme within the Galerkin finite element framework. The main contributions of this work are as follows: (i) by constructing a suitable Lyapunov functional, we establish the unconditional long-time stability of the tamed method; (ii) we rigorously derive the strong convergence rates of the fully discrete scheme obtained by coupling the tamed approach with the finite element method. Numerical experiments are provided to validate the theoretical analysis and demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.unfundedAAM removed and archived and VoR uploaded to CR 23/02/202
Routledge Handbook of Young People’s Environmental Activism
No full textIt is deposited under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/), which permits non-commercial re-use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, and is not altered, transformed, or built upon in any way.This chapter considers the under-researched intersection of young people’s popular characterisation as pro-environmental agents of change and an employment landscape increasingly concerned with national net zero targets, in order to explore how young people imagine the ‘between-space’ of ‘here’ – their educational present – and ‘there’ – their adult futures in climate changed worlds. Critical to driving bold action for net zero will be the imaginations of institutional workforces – not only imaginations of creative business solutions but imaginations of aspirational personal futures, in which a good life is still possible in a climate changed future. Focusing specifically on notions of ‘good work’ within a net zero-aligned employment landscape, this chapter charts how two young adults hired as ‘near peer’ researchers designed and piloted a workshop that explored this imaginative ‘between-space’. We consider what we might learn from young people’s imagined trajectories as we reflect on how we – as well as educators and employers – might respond to evidence of a significant imaginative gap that brings into question the validity of the popular framing of young people as ‘sustainability saviours’
Designing for engagement: A systematic literature review of multimodal E-learning in TVET and post-compulsory education
No full textThis author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence. This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please contact [email protected] systematic literature review investigates how multimodal instructional design in asynchronous e-learning environments influences motivation, engagement and knowledge retention amongst adult learners. Grounded in Cognitive Load Theory (CLT), the review explores how digital instructional strategies can be optimised for inclusive and cognitively efficient learning in the context of Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) and post-compulsory education, within the human-centric framework of Industry 5.0.Fourteen databases were searched for peer-reviewed English-language studies published between 2019 and 2024. Sixty-five studies met the inclusion criteria focusing on adult learners, multimodal strategies, and asynchronous digital delivery. Study quality was appraised using the CRAAP framework. The thematic synthesis was situated within an interpretivist paradigm and analytically framed by Cognitive Load Theory. Six core themes emerged: inconsistent instructional design; barriers to lifelong learning; motivation and engagement challenges; continued reliance on learning-styles approaches; the cognitive benefits of multimodal strategies and limited attention to workplace learners. Findings reinforce the value of CLT-aligned multimodal design for improving engagement, retention, and inclusivity, while highlighting the need for more context-sensitive and practitioner-informed approaches.
This review addresses the under-representation of adult and TVET learners in asynchronous, multimodal e-learning pedagogy research, offering practical and theory-informed insights for educators, instructional designers and learning-and-development professionals. Although the evidence base is still emerging, particularly regarding longitudinal workplace studies, the review provides new direction for inclusive, cognitively efficient instructional design. No external funding was received, and the review was not pre-registered.N/
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