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Motivations, perceptions and experiences of cycling for transport: A photovoice study
Get PDF© 2022 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.Introduction: The aim of this study was to use photovoice methodology to explore perceptions and lived experiences of cycling for transport. It was envisaged that the contextual information gathered from this qualitative study would provide novel insights into the meanings people ascribe towards cycling for transport. Methods: Fifteen adult participants from Liverpool, England each generated three photographs representing what they like and what they dislike about cycling for transport, and what cycling for transport means to them, and completed a subsequent photo-elicitation telephone interview. Data were analysed through an iterative deductive and inductive process, firstly using the ecological model of active living as a thematic framework, and then inductively to enable emergent themes to be further explored. Pen profile figures were constructed to illustrate key emergent themes. Results: The photovoice methodology generated complimentary and interconnected visual and narrative data which confirmed and uncovered new insights into intrapersonal, sociocultural and environmental factors relevant to cycling for transport experiences. Intrapersonal and perceived environmental factors had a stronger influence on cycling for transport than sociocultural factors. Road safety concerns were reported by all participants, and the provision of cycling infrastructure was reported as an enabler and barrier to transport cycling. The motivations and meanings ascribed to cycling for transport principally related to time saving and cost saving, as well as reliability. Conclusions: Convenience was a recurring theme in the present study. Emphasising the relative speed and cost efficiency of cycling for transport, as well as the potential health and environmental benefits, could lead to more cycling for transport uptake.Unfunde
PE teachers’ perceived expertise and professional development requirements in the delivery of muscular fitness activity: PE Teacher EmPOWERment Survey
Get PDF© The Author(s) 2022.Muscular fitness (MF) is an important modifiable factor to improve overall health. Schools offer a unique opportunity to deliver MF activity during physical education (PE) and develop competence to engage in various activities across the life course. However, the implementation of school-based MF activity may be impaired by some teachers reporting a lack of expertise and low confidence in the delivery of MF activity. Understanding teachers’ thoughts and perceptions regarding the delivery of MF in schools may help guide future research and policy to support MF delivery in UK schools. Following ethical approval, a survey of secondary school PE teachers across the UK was distributed via Twitter. Survey responses were analysed and reported descriptively and thematically. Completed surveys were returned by 194 teachers (61.9% male) from England, Scotland, Wales, and Northern Ireland. Relative to less experienced teachers, those with at least five years’ service were 2.2 times more likely to have completed continued professional development (CPD) in MF activity (OR = 2.16; ß = 0.77; 95% CI: 1.25-3.74; p < 0.01), and 1.8 times more likely to use assessments of MF to inform PE programme decision-making (OR = 1.83; ß = 0.60; 95% CI: 1.18-2.82; p < 0.01). Despite the promising contribution school-based PE may have to developing MF, we report a poor understanding of MF activity amongst UK-based PE teachers. CPD is warranted to deliver successful MF interventions in a school setting.Unfunde
Multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink reduces anaemia without observed adverse effects on gut microbiota in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers: A randomised dose–response study
Get PDF© 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.Prevalence of anaemia among Nigerian toddlers is reported to be high, and may cause significant morbidity, affects brain development and function, and results in weakness and fatigue. Although, iron fortification can reduce anaemia, yet the effect on gut microbiota is unclear. This open-label randomised study in anaemic malnourished Nigerian toddlers aimed to decrease anaemia without affecting pathogenic gut bacteria using a multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink. The test product was provided daily in different amounts (200, 400 or 600 mL, supplying 2.24, 4.48 and 6.72 mg of elemental iron, respectively) for 6 months. Haemoglobin, ferritin, and C-reactive protein concentrations were measured to determine anaemia, iron deficiency (ID) and iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) prevalence. Faecal samples were collected to analyse gut microbiota composition. All three dosages reduced anaemia prevalence, to 47%, 27% and 18%, respectively. ID and IDA prevalence was low and did not significantly decrease over time. Regarding gut microbiota, Enterobacteriaceae decreased over time without differences between groups, whereas Bifidobacteriaceae and pathogenic E. coli were not affected. In conclusion, the multi-nutrient fortified dairy-based drink reduced anaemia in a dose-dependent way, without stimulating intestinal potential pathogenic bacteria, and thus appears to be safe and effective in treating anaemia in Nigerian toddlers.This study was funded by FrieslandCampina, Amersfoort, The Netherlands
The acceptability of the Fire and Rescue Service working with primary care to improve identification of mental health problems in older adults. A mixed-method qualitative study
Get PDFCopyright © 2023, The Authors.Background: Mental ill-health in older adults (aged 60 years and over) is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Older adults are less likely to access mental health services owing to perceived stigma and fear of being a burden. Non-traditional providers of health care, such as the Fire and Rescue Services (FRS), provide a possible solution to facilitate early detection of problems and help-seeking among older adults, especially in the context of pressured statutory services.
Aim: To examine whether and how FRS Home Fire Safety Visits (HFSV) could be optimised to include detection and signposting for mental health problems — particularly anxiety and depression — in older adults.
Design & setting: This mixed-method qualitative study took place in the West Midlands, UK in 2022.
Method: This study involved focus groups (n = 24) and interviews with FRS staff (n = 4) to develop an in-depth contextual understanding of he acceptability and feasibility of expanding HFSV to include identification of anxiety and depression.
Results: FRS staff were open to expanding their HFSVs to include mental health, provided they had sufficient training and support from partner agencies in primary and social care settings to accept referrals for service users presenting with symptoms of anxiety and/or depression.
Conclusion: The positive reputation of FRS staff and engagement with older adults suggests that HFSV could support the detection of anxiety and depression in older adults, and appropriate signposting to other services including primary care.This study is funded by the NIHR (Research for Patient Benefit [NIHR:201967]). Partial funding by the NIHR Applied Research Council West Midlands
Interdisziplinäre Beiträge zu Mittelalter und Früher Neuzeit 15
No full textA contribution to the scholarship on jurisdictional immunities, this chapter uses the ideas of Henri Bergson, Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari on the relationship between materiality and virtuality to analyse the creation of the Liberty of Whitby Strand in the late twelfth century. Building on the conception of jurisdictional immunities as constitutional structures, social phenomena, and mediums for communication, this chapter argues they were virtual realities emerging from an ongoing dialogue between the material and the virtual. It suggests that an existing physical space - matter, the problems it posed and the human solutions to those problems - was already virtualised in ways which made the invention of a jurisdictional immunity possible and probable, and considers how the people of Whitby Strand actualised this immunity.Unfunde
An investigation into differences in general intelligence and coaches' subjective assessment of players' decision-making skills across different playing positions in EPPP association football academies
Get PDF© 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Inc.With developments in tactical complexity in association football (soccer) general intelligence and decision-making are becoming increasingly important attributes for players at all levels. However, an absence of evidence regarding general intelligence and decision-making across different positions within English Academy soccer indicates that it is unknown how specific intelligence in soccer needs to be for successful performance. This study aimed to 1) examine differences in general intelligence scores between different playing positions, 2) investigate differences in coach assessed decision-making ability between different playing positions and 3) assess differences between general intelligence test score ranks and decision-making ranks awarded by coaches to each player per position. One hundred and one participants, aged 16–18 years were recruited from eight clubs in the English Football League. Participants completed an established psychometric test of general intelligence and the lead development phase coach at each club ranked players' decision-making ability. There were 99 outfield players who participated: 37 defenders, 34 midfielders and 28 attackers. No difference was found in general intelligence scores between playing positions. However, a significant difference was found in decision-making ranks, with coaches determining attacker's decision-making to be lower than midfielders and defenders. Likewise, no difference was found between general intelligence and decision-making ranks for either defenders or midfielders, but a difference was observed between attackers' general intelligence and decision-making ranks. In conclusion, attacker's game intelligence appears to be underestimated by coaches. Consequently, utilisation of a psychometric test of general intelligence could enhance identification of talented players in Academy soccer.unfunde
Integrating human and wildlife dynamics in co‐occurrence modelling
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Ecology and Evolution published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.In shared environments, where different species interact depending on overlapping resources, complex interspecific interactions emerge, with human activities impacting these dynamics and influencing wildlife abundance and distribution. In the Alps, the presence of multiple species of ungulates, such as roe deer and red deer, and a predator, the wolf, creates a web of spatial and behavioral interactions in an area where farming, hunting and tourism have persisted over time, with tourism recently experiencing a substantial growth. Accounting for these multiple interactions, we modelled the co‐occurrence probabilities of roe deer, red deer and wolves in an area of the Maritime Alps using data derived from 60 camera traps. We applied multi‐species occupancy models to investigate (i) the role of species co‐occurrences in explaining the occupancy of model species across the landscape, (ii) the role of human presence and activities on species occupancy and (iii) the potential effect of the hunting season on the species detection probabilities. Among the identified species, roe deer reported the highest frequency of recorded events and were the most widespread species. We provided important evidence of interspecific dependence, revealing that pairwise interactions among species had a greater impact than only considering individual environmental effects. We documented that the setting of cameras on trails increased the likelihood of detecting wolves but decreased the likelihood of detecting ungulates. Most importantly, the hunting season significantly reduced the likelihood of capturing roe deer, while having no effect on either red deer or wolves. Our results confirmed the relevance of including prey, predators, and human dynamics as a whole. Since the sharing of habitat makes human activities significantly important in defining predator–prey mechanisms, our insights are particularly relevant for defining solutions to optimize human‐wildlife coexistence, especially in a highly anthropogenic system such as Europe.Funding for this project was provided by LIFE WolfAlps EU (LIFE18 NAT/IT/000972-Action C3) and the University of Turin, Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology
Time temperature superposition of the dissolution of cellulose fibres by the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate with cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide
Get PDF© 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.The dissolution of cellulosic flax fibres in the ionic liquid 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium acetate ([C2mim][OAc]) with cosolvent dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) has been studied. The fibres were submerged in the ionic liquid/DMSO mixtures at different temperatures for a range of dissolution times, then coagulated in water. After drying, cross sections of the fibres were analysed using an optical microscope, which was used to track the fraction of coagulated fibre. The temperature dependence of this coagulated fraction is found to follow an Arrhenius equation with a single activation energy of 100±10 kJ/mol. This value is, remarkably, independent of the weight fraction of DMSO used. This work quantifies the composition for the peak dissolution rate, which occurs at an equal weight fraction of DMSO and [C2mim][OAc]. Finally, this study reveals an equivalence between time, temperature and DMSO weight fraction in the dissolution of flax fibres.Funding for this research came from the Doctoral Training Centre, Soft Matter for Formulation and Industrial Innovation, grant EP/S023631/1
Implantable loop recorder migration: Case-based review and implications for clinical practice
Get PDF© 2025. Published by Elsevier IncImplantable loop recorders (ILRs) are vital for continuous rhythm monitoring; however, post-implantation migration can impair device function. ILR migration may range from minor positional shifts causing discomfort to severe displacement, potentially resulting in device malfunction or requiring surgical intervention. This review examines migration patterns to identify factors associated with ILR migration. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, CINAHL, and EMBASE for case reports on ILR migration from inception to October 2024. Data on patient demographics, comorbidities, device models, implantation sites, detection times, and interventions were qualitatively synthesised to identify factors linked to migration. Older age, female gender, and specific comorbidities emerged as migration risk factors. Device implantation angulation and depth were common contributors. Migration typically followed a posterior or inferior direction and was detected within 5-35 days, often presenting as loss of connection or continuous chest pain. Migration was also observed following patient manipulation of the device. Although migration is rare, cases requiring video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) highlight the significant morbidity associated with this complication. Optimising implantation techniques and employing effective follow-up strategies can reduce the risk of migration and improve migration detection. Further studies with standardised reporting are needed to better understand this complication. [Abstract copyright: Crown Copyright © 2025 Published by Elsevier Inc.]Unfunde
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