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Educational strategies for managing moral distress in student nurses: A scoping review
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Advanced Nursing published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Aims: To explore what content, teaching and learning activities are advocated by nurse educators to mitigate moral distress and related concepts in student nurses.
Review Methods: The review was conducted according to Joanna Briggs Institute guidelines. The search strategy adopted their three-step method for systematic reviews. The eligibility criteria reflected the Population, Concept, Context format.
Results: Following searches, 3809 records were screened against eligibility criteria, resulting in 42 eligible papers being included; 29 research studies and 13 non-empirical papers. We identified 236 content suggestions, mapped to 70 subject codes. Also, 217 teaching and learning activities are suggested and mapped to 41 coded activities. Data is charted in tables and figures and results are discussed per related concept of moral distress.
Conclusions: Educational content, and teaching and learning activities are heterogenous across the concepts influencing moral distress. There is overlap of content across different concepts. Moral sensitivity received the most publications. Development of research and educational strategies addressing other interrelated concepts would be advantageous for evidence-based curriculum development. Recommendations are made to develop evidence-based content and teaching and learning activities.Unfunde
Numerical approximation for a stochastic time-fractional cable equation
No full textAn efficient numerical method is proposed to address a stochastic time-fractional cable equation driven by fractionally integrated additive noise. Under the reasonable assumptions, we rigorously establish for the first time, the existence, uniqueness, and regularity of the mild solution for this equation. For spatial discretization, a semi-discrete scheme is constructed employing the Galerkin FEM, and the optimal spatial error estimate is derived based on the semigroup approach. In temporal discretization, a piecewise constant function is introduced to approximate the noise, leading to the formulation of a regularized stochastic time-fractional cable equation. A detailed proof of the temporal error estimates is provided via the semigroup approach. Numerical experiments demonstrate that the temporal convergence order attains O ( τ 1 / 2 ) for initial data of either smooth or non-smooth type. The order is independent of the parameters α 1 ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , α 2 ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) , and β ∈ ( 0 , 1 ) in the equation. These results perfectly align with the theoretical predictions.unfunde
Correction: Existence, uniqueness and regularity for a semilinear stochastic subdiffusion with integrated multiplicative noise
No full textThe original online version of this article was revised: The co-author’s name was misspelled. The co-author's name was spelled Ziqiang Li but should have been Zhiqiang Li. The original version is corrected.N/
Organ wide toxicological assessment of common edible herbs and their mixtures as used in home remedies
Get PDFThe use of home remedies for medicinal purposes, most of which are edible plants has continued to be a practice in many homes. However, there has been an increasing report of chronic use with lethal effect. Among the commonly used herbal/ medicinal plants were ginger, garlic and lemon. These were seen to be prevalent across continents with brewing and crude extraction being the most means of consumption. This study investigated the organ wide toxicity of this extract following chronic consumption of crude extract. Twenty-five albino Wister rats, five in each group were used for this experiment. Each animal received 0.5ml/kg body weight of either ginger extract, garlic extract, lemon juice, or a mixture of equal volumes of all three extract (v/v) respectively twice daily for seven (7) days. Statistics were represented as ±SE; P≤0.05 was considered significant. Previous studies have shown that moderate consumption of these medicinal plants were beneficial and have shown no deleterious effect. This study observed no change in the weight of the experimental animals. The weight of the animals continued to increase except for the group that received lemon and the mixture, but these were not significant. It was observed that chronic consumption induced organ wide toxicity to include the liver, kidney, intestinal epithelium, stomach, and pancreas. These were shown to alter tissue architecture and the cell morphology. Packed cell volume was reduced in the lemon and the group that received a combination of all extracts (p=o.03). Blood differentials showed changes in levels. An elevated basophil level was observed in ginger and garlic (p<0.0001; p=0.0006). Monocyte levels increased progressively across each group when compared to the control with the most elevated level seen in the group that received the mixture (p<0.0001). Lymphocyte count was reduced across all the groups that received the extract except for animals that received ginger. This study suggests the application of caution among users of these medicinal plants and continues to draw attention to the need for harmonization and standardization of safe use doses.N/
Eating well when living with an intellectual disability—Exploring the carer: client relationship in residential settings
Get PDF© 2025 The Author(s). Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Background: Individuals with intellectual disabilities face increased risks of obesity and health issues. Carers in residential settings play a crucial role in shaping their dietary habits. This study explores how carers influence eating behaviours to identify strategies for healthy eating.
Method: Seventeen semi-structured interviews were conducted with carers from three community homes. Thematic analysis identified three key themes: (i) whose responsibility is it?; (ii) food autonomy and choice in the context of caring relationships; (iii) opportunities for working together to support dietary choices.
Results: Carers strive to encourage healthy eating while respecting residents' autonomy, particularly in those with cognitive impairments or on psychotropic medications. They use strategies like rapport-building, personalised care, and nutrition education. However, these efforts are limited by gaps in knowledge, time constraints, and variation in application and impact.
Conclusions: Findings highlight the practice gap and the need for better training and resources to support carers in promoting healthy food choices while respecting residents' autonomy.This research was supported with funding from the University of Chester QR funds (QR 225)
Steps to sustainability: Dance as a learning pathway to enhance engagement with sustainability
No full text© 2025 The Author(s). Area published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Royal Geographical Society (with the Institute of British Geographers).This paper explores dance as a transformative learning pathway for communicating and engaging individuals with sustainable development. Growing recognition of the challenges and cultural politics involved in conveying sustainability has prompted efforts to explore alternative communication modes and ways to engage audiences. Combining a rising interest in cultural geography with performative and creative practices and methods, this paper investigates how dance can act as an alternative communicative approach, generating embodied knowledge that can change how people engage with and understand sustainable development. We argue that dance provides a unique medium for translating sustainable development concepts into lived experiences, enabling individuals to undertake personal and collective learning pathways and become more aware of global sustainability concerns. In a creative workshop, participants were invited to interpret and choreograph dance performances based on information about the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), conveying themes such as gender equality, hunger, and ocean pollution. Using participant observation, focus groups, and individual interviews, we critically reflect on a five-stage learning pathway—Information, Thinking, Creating, Performing, and Reflecting—to highlight the co-creative and transformative potential of dance in sustainability communication and nurturing sustainability-minded citizens. We outline the value of dance as a communicative and pedagogical tool, demonstrating its capacity to humanise sustainability challenges and offer innovative, embodied forms of engagement that can contribute to the cultural shifts needed for a more sustainable society.University of Chester; doi: https://doi.org/10.13039/100010333AAM removed and archived and replaced with VoR 15/12/202
Male survivorship and the evolution of eusociality in partially bivoltine sweat bees
Get PDF© 2022 Gruber, Field.Eusociality, where workers typically forfeit their own reproduction to assist their mothers in raising siblings, is a fundamental paradox in evolutionary biology. By sacrificing personal reproduction, helpers pay a significant cost, which must be outweighed by indirect fitness benefits of helping to raise siblings. In 1983, Jon Seger developed a model showing how in the haplodiploid Hymenoptera (ants, wasps and bees), a partially bivoltine life cycle with alternating sex ratios may have promoted the evolution of eusociality. Seger predicted that eusociality would be more likely to evolve in hymenopterans where a foundress produces a male-biased first brood sex ratio and a female-biased second brood. This allows first brood females to capitalize on super-sister relatedness through helping to produce the female-biased second brood. In Seger’s model, the key factor driving alternating sex ratios was that first brood males survive to mate with females of both the second and the first brood, reducing the reproductive value of second brood males. Despite being potentially critical in the evolution of eusociality, however, male survivorship has received little empirical attention. Here, we tested whether first brood males survive across broods in the facultatively eusocial sweat bee Halictus rubicundus. We obtained high estimates of survival and, while recapture rates were low, at least 10% of first brood males survived until the second brood. We provide empirical evidence supporting Seger’s model. Further work, measuring brood sex ratios and comparing abilities of first and second brood males to compete for fertilizations, is required to fully parameterize the model.This work is part of a project that has received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Horizon’s 2020 research and innovation programme (grant agreement No.695744
Risks to the clinician of risk management: Recalled and anticipated consequences of decision-making
Get PDF© 2025 Challinor, Bhandari, Boyle, Gabbay, Wilson, Saini and Nathan. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.BACKGROUND: Despite extensive literature studying how we make decisions in the face of uncertainty, the empirical study of real-world clinical decision-making in mental health practice remains limited. Decisions in clinical settings are not just made on the basis of clinical factors. A key non-clinical influence on decision making is the clinician’s concerns about the ‘threat’ to themselves from a future adverse incident and the subsequent retrospective scrutiny of their decision-making. A better understanding of non-clinical processes is essential to inform better ways of guiding effective decision-making. More specifically, delineating the nature of this ‘threat’ process will also inform approaches to patient safety. AIMS: The objective of the current study was to delineate consequences recalled and anticipated by mental health clinicians making decisions under uncertainty. METHODS: This was an analysis of data arising from six focus group discussions with professionals involved in decisions to admit patients to psychiatric hospitals (consultant psychiatrists, approved mental health practitioners, crisis resolution home treatment teams, and liaison psychiatry practitioners) in one National Health Service Trust, UK. The data were thematically analyzed to identify the nature of ‘threat’ processes that arise in clinical decision-making. RESULTS: Themes identified included (i) the location of the effect of the anticipated/recalled consequence(s), (ii) the location of the origin of the consequence, and (iii) the nature of the consequence. The recalled and anticipated consequences of decision-making were overwhelmingly, but not exclusively, negative. The consequences were largely perceived to be directed towards the self (i.e., the clinician) and were considered to originate from external scrutiny by peers, organizational leadership, and the patient safety system/processes. CONCLUSIONS: The process of making decisions to admit patients to hospital consistently involved the decision-maker’s concern with the future consequences for them, either from a prior or future adverse event. The findings of this study, alongside other evidence of the complexity of decision-making, have implications for improving and studying clinical decision-making (and, by extension, patient care and outcomes), patient safety responses, and professional well-being.This article was supported by The National Institute for Health and Care Research Applied Research Collaboration North West Coast (NIHR ARC NWC
Experiences and unmet needs among caregivers of children living with autism spectrum disorder in Nigeria: A qualitative study using the socio-ecological model
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Discover Social Science and Health], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s44155-024-00141-wIntroduction: This study examines the experiences and unmet needs of caregivers of children with autism spectrum disorder in Nigeria. With a high prevalence in Nigeria, autism spectrum disorder poses a heavy economic burden on society and the patients’ families, with limited social interactions and stigma. Despite this, the unmet needs and psychosocial burdens of autism spectrum disorder on caregivers have been understudied in Nigeria. The study contributes evidence and raises interest in this area of research. Methods: This qualitative study was conducted among twenty-three purposively selected caregivers. Questions from the PREPARE and Zarit Burden Interview tools were adapted for the interview and discussion guides. Data were collected among caregivers of pupils in selected special needs schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. Inductive and deductive approaches were used for the analysis using NVivo 20 pro. The socio-ecological model was used to generate the themes and quotes. Results: The study generated four themes and eleven sub-themes across four levels of the socio-ecological model. Findings from our study showed that caregivers of children undergo significant emotional distress, disbelief, and fear at the early stage of diagnosis. Furthermore, families and friends had difficulty comprehending or accepting their children’s diagnosis, which further created tension and misunderstanding. Socio-cultural contexts such as stigma and isolation were not uncommon in the society. Conclusion: Given the burden of the psychological demand and stigma attached to caregivers and children with autism, there is an urgent need for a tailor-made intervention with the key interplay of individual, interpersonal, societal/institutional, and policy in Nigeria. Advocacy efforts and awareness chaired by caregivers should be strengthened across all levels of the society in Nigeria.Royal Society for Tropical Medicine and Hygiene/The National Institute for Health and Care Research 2023 early career Grant
Current status of Glossina population ecology
Get PDF© 2015 Okiwelu et al.BACKGROUND: Vector control remains the most visible method for large scale control of trypanosomiasis; there is a lack of suitable prophylactic drugs and vaccines against trypanosomiases and chemotherapeutic agents remain too expensive and dangerous for most people in endemic areas. Glossina populations are the target units and therefore an in-depth understanding of their ecology is a pre-requisite to the development of effective control measures.
SAMPLING METHODS: Refers to methods of catching tsetse flies in the field. Earlier Researchers utilized walking parties to catch flies or standing catch with hand nets. Studies in the 1970s highlighted the shortcomings of these methods. A variety of traps has since been developed for diverse species.
POPULATION DYNAMICS: Refers to changes in population abundance over time. Three processes (dispersal, natality, mortality) are involved in determining population levels. Geographic structure is the distribution and abundance within and among populations. Based on direct observations, mark-recapture protocols or radio-tracking, earlier view was that Glossina dispersal was random. Currently, the best available description is a diffusion process; flies at the margins of the distributional range begin the process, which gradually moves inwards. Calculation of growth rates is easier for small closed Glossina populations. There is a consensus among tsetse ecologists that both density-dependent and density-independent factors are important in the regulation of tsetse numbers.
POPULATION GENETICS: It encompasses two distinct but related components: demographic and genetic distribution of genetic variation and the result of migration, selection mutation, genetic drift and related factors: New molecular genetics techniques have allowed insights into many fields.
CONCLUSION: There have been significant advances in Glossina ecology over the past 3 decades. These have been possible because of the availability of comprehensive data from long-term field studies and the introduction of new molecular genetics techniques that have allowed insights into many fields. Glossina population genetics and manipulation of prokaryotic symbiont species may provide avenues for management innovations to confront the intractable problem of trypanosomiasis in Africa.Unfunde
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