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Content, perceptions and impact of alcoholic drink promotions in nightlife venues that are targeted towards students
Get PDFBinge drinking is generally considered socially acceptable for students across Western culture. Social norms within the student population have meant that excessive drinking plays a key role in socialising and reinforcing peer group identity. Research has highlighted the United Kingdom (UK) as having elevated levels of alcohol consumption especially within the student population, and the role that drink promotions have in influencing consumption practices. This paper considers promotions of alcoholic drinks in UK nightlife venues and student perceptions of these promotions. Bourdieu's concepts of social and cultural capital are applied to the findings.
Method
Content analysis of social media posts by nightlife venues (n = 12), observations of nightlife venues (n = 20) and semi-structured focus groups and paired interviews with 32 undergraduate students, from one city in the North West of England.
Results
Nightlife venues target promotions of alcoholic drinks at students through social media, advertisements throughout nightlife venues, and by promoters outside of venues. These promotions will often influence the course of a night out in terms of venues visited and the drinks consumed. Alcohol holds importance within mainstream student culture; it plays a key role in achieving cultural capital and is a means for students to obtain social capital through the creation of shared experiences, which are key for those who are new to university.
Conclusions
Nightlife venues will target alcoholic drink promotions at students and will use the notion of creating a shared experience as part of this targeted promotion. This contributes to the overall social and cultural capital that alcohol holds within the student population. This is an important consideration for alcohol policy – it demonstrates how prevention activities need to take into consideration the importance of shared experiences for the students; alternatives to excessive alcohol consumption need to offer a similar opportunity
From Public Issues to Personal Troubles: Individualising Social Inequalities in Health Within Local Public Health Partnerships
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Critical Public Health on 20/05/2020, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/09581596.2020.1763916.This paper explores public health policy implementation through partnership working at the local level by examining how local actors from public health and the wider workforce, make sense of and work on social inequalities in health. An ethnographic case study was used to examine policy implementation in one local strategic partnership in north-west England during a period of significant resource constraint. Semi-structured interviews were the primary method of data generation. Sensitising concepts from figurational sociology were used to develop a theoretical account of how local policy implementation directed at narrowing social inequalities in health tended to give rise to relatively fragmented and short-term services, projects and practices, which focused on lifestyle factors and behaviour change. Theorising partnership work as figurations goes some way to explaining the apparent paradox among participants who expressed a relatively detached appreciation of wider social influences, alongside emotional involvement in their work. This process of individualisation explains how local professionals tended to conceptualise health inequality and the social determinants of health as personal troubles. Individualisation meant that the social reality of working in partnerships on difficult issues was simplified. Thus, any scope for working on the social determinants of health tended to be overlooked. The extent to which this was intentional or a matter of struggling to see opportunities, or a mixture of the two, was difficult to discern. Although the policy landscape has changed, the findings give some insight into understanding how local collaborative processes reproduce local public health work underpinned by lifestyle choices
Mangrove or mudflat: Prioritising fish habitat for conservation in a turbid tropical estuary
Get PDFMangrove habitats are typically the focus of conservation efforts in tropical estuaries because their structural complexity is thought to support greater biodiversity and nursery function than unvegetated habitats. However, evidence for this paradigm has been equivocal in turbid tropical estuaries where unvegetated mudflats are also highly productive. The present study compared the community composition, biodiversity, nursery-role and commercial fish biomass in two mangrove habitats and one mudflat habitat in the Gulf of Paria, Trinidad. A total of 12 705 fishes, comprising 63 species from 26 families, were sampled in mangrove creeks, seaward mangrove fringe and the subtidal margin of an intertidal mudflat from June 2014 to June 2015. The composition of the creek and mudflat communities were distinct, while the community of the mangrove fringe more closely resembled the mudflat than the mangrove creeks. Mean species richness (MSR), total species richness (TSR) extrapolated from species accumulation curves, and juvenile species richness (JSR) were significantly greater in the mudflat (MSR = 11.4 ± 1.0; TSR = 75 ± 14; JSR = 9.1 ± 0.8) than mangrove creeks (MSR = 9.0 ± 0.5; TSR = 49 ± 3; JSR = 6.1 ± 0.4) and the seaward mangrove fringe (MSR = 6.4 ± 0.7; TSR = 58 ± 14; JSR = 5.2 ± 0.4). Meanwhile, Shannon Weiner diversity, juvenile fish abundance and commercial fish biomass were comparable between habitats. These findings caution against the generalisation that mangroves are the most important habitat for fishes in turbid tropical estuaries. There is now a growing body of evidence that mudflats warrant consideration as important repositories of biodiversity and nursery function for juvenile fishes
Finding My Voice: A Qualitative Exploration into the Perceived Impact of Person-Centred Counsellor Training upon Counsellors who were Adopted as a Baby
Get PDFThis small-scale qualitative study explores how qualified Person-Centred counsellors who were adopted as a baby perceived the impact of their Person-Centred counselling training. The study focused on the adoptees’ experiences of adoption and how these influenced their experience of Person-Centred counselling training. Data was collected using semi-structured interviews from three qualified Person-Centred counsellors who were adopted as babies. The data was analysed using Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis to gain insight into how the participants made sense of their lived experience. The findings supported the difficulties associated with adoption which are present in existing literature and research but also placed an emphasis on the particular vulnerabilities associated with being adopted as a baby. The findings further highlighted the positive impact Person-Centred Counselling training had on the participants’ personal development including: increased self-awareness, self-acceptance, identity development and having a voice. The findings confer implications for clinical practice in understanding the experience of adoptees who were adopted as a baby as well as the significant aspects of Person-Centred counselling training which facilitated the participants’ positive self-development. The links made between adoption and Person-Centred training are an original area of research and are worthy of further exploration. They elucidate the healing aspects of the approach and offer hope in overcoming human adversity
The death of a mother in adolescence. A qualitative study of the perceived impact on a woman’s adult life and the parent she becomes.
Get PDFAim: The purpose of this research was to explore the lived experience and meaning of the unique stories of women who had been bereaved of their mothers during their adolescence.
The objective: to develop and enhance an understanding of the perceived impact on their adult life and subsequent approach to motherhood.
Method: This qualitative study was conducted by using semi-structured interviews with four participants, all of whom were mothers and over forty years of age to allow for retrospect. Data was analysed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis.
Findings: The study revealed five main themes, all with striking similarity amongst participants. The findings indicated that the effect of mother death in adolescence was influenced by contextual factors such as suppression of grief through silence and behaviour of surviving parent. All participants reported an enduring psychological effect from their experience; an enduring sense of hurt; feelings of low self-esteem; anger; insecurity; anxiety; neediness and chronic sorrow for both themselves and their mothers. Sadness stemmed from continuous mourning felt through the loss of an adult relationship with their mothers and an awareness of having lost an aspect of themselves. The study identified a ‘ripple effect’ to future generations and established an effect on parenting, with mothers identifying themselves as anxious, uncertain, protective and over compensatory. The study also highlighted facets of posttraumatic growth. Aspects of their healing process were described by participants, including a felt sense of continuing connection with their mothers. All participants believed that they had developed positive character traits as a result of their loss, such as strength and empathy. Furthermore, with age and motherhood, participants experienced an enhanced awareness and self-understanding which afforded them some comfort.
Conclusion: This work contributes to growing research suggesting ‘particular effect’ of mother death in adolescence and the subsequent impact on motherhood. Through participants’ words this research details how this experience shaped their lives and reiterates the enormity of loss and its ripple effect. Through the distinct similarities of participant responses, it affirms this phenomenon which has significance not only for women bereaved of their mothers in adolescence but for counsellors’ understanding of this phenomenon
Rattling- Arts Based Initiatives in learning and transformation
No full textAcademic Conference TrackThis track explores the process of arts-based initiatives, ABIs, (Schiuma, 2011; 2013) in the context of practice-based innovation (Melkas & Harmaakorpi, 2012). According to Schiuma (2011, pp. 2–3), an ABI is the planned managerial use of art forms to address management challenges and business problems with the aim of developing employees and infrastructure that affect the organizational value-creation capacity. ABIs integrate the traditional rational-based perspective of the organization with the emotive-based perspective of organizational life and its components. The organizational knowledge creation process depends on the integration of “technical knowledge“ with emotive knowledge. The arts provide approaches and innovation action tools to handle emotional and evocative dynamics within and around organizations
Predictors of individual differences in emerging adult theory of mind
Get PDFLittle is known about what factors are associated with emerging adult theory of mind (ToM). We predicted that childhood fantasy play (CFP), need for cognition (NfC), and fiction reading would be positive predictors due to their deliberative, perspective-taking nature while engagement with media and technology would be a negative predictor due to increased interpersonal distance. The best-fit mixed logit model (n = 369) showed that CFP, texting frequency, and NfC were significant positive predictors while smartphone usage and preference for task switching were significant negative predictors. Email and phone call usage were contributing non-significant negative predictors. Our study extends previous findings regarding NfC, and highlights the importance of CFP engagement for ToM beyond immediate childhood. Future research should investigate how subtly different media (e.g., texting vs smartphone use) have differential predictive relationships with social cognition. Data and code are available at doi: 10.17605/OSF.IO/CBD9J
Cyclic fatigue resistance of nickel titanium rotary files in the martensitic state: a systematic review.
Get PDFBackground:
There are many factors which effect the cyclic fatigue resistance of Nickel titanium or NiTi files. The metal can exist in a soft martensitic state which is thought to improve the resistance to cyclic fatigue. The NiTi alloy transforms from one state to the other at a certain temperature and various factors can modify this transition temperature. Temperature effects the state of the metal so the way the file acts at intracanal temperature is significant. Most cyclic fatigue tests have been carried out at room temperature.
Objectives:
Identifying martensitic files and whether the resistance to cyclic fatigue is greater in these files at intracanal temperature.
Methods:
A PICOS is used to formulate the review question. It provides a framework to develop inclusion and exclusion criteria. Search terms are used on the databases Science Direct, Wiley, PubMed and Google Scholar. A single reviewer screened the results, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results are analysed and a descriptive analysis carried out. A Joanna Briggs checklist for cohort studies is used to assess the quality of the studies. An assessment of bias in the primary studies and bias in the review process is carried out.
Keywords: cyclic fatigue, martensitic, intracanal temperature, CM files, Gold files, Blue files, EDM files.
Results:
The overall quality of the included studies was judged as moderate. However, cyclic fatigue testing methods have no standardisation, so it is difficult to compare studies. Many studies did not show evidence of sample size calculation and this was not taken into consideration by the scoring system for quality assessment. Within the limitations of the study it is found that at intracanal temperature, Hyflex EDMTM is potentially martensitic, existing in the R-phase which is considered to be a martensitic phase. It is also found that a wide range of 30.8 °C – 36 °C exists for intracanal temperature.
Conclusions:
Within the limitations of the study it is found that the Hyflex EDM file is martensitic at intracanal temperature and has a higher cyclic fatigue resistance than the other martensitic phase files. Most of the martensitic phase files identified possessed a greater cyclic fatigue resistance than the other files tested
Late diagnosis of isolated central diabetes insipidus secondary to congenital toxoplasmosis-case report.
Get PDFThis article has been published in [Oxford Medical Case Reports]. Published by Oxford University Press.Congenital toxoplasmosis is an uncommon infection. Hypothalamic/pituitary involvement leading to isolated central diabetes insipidus is extremely rare. Making a correct diagnosis of this condition, albeit challenging, is crucial for adequate management. We present a 54-year-old female who developed central diabetes insipidus as a complication of congenital toxoplasmosis. She had polydipsia and hypernatraemia on presentation and responded to intranasal desmopressin with normalization of above-mentioned findings. Magnetic resonance imaging and cranial X-ray's showed pronounced intracranial calcifications in both choroid plexuses. Thyroid function tests, serum cortisol level and anterior pituitary function were all normal. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first reported case of isolated diabetes insipidus due to congenital toxoplasmosis in literature diagnosed late in adulthood and gives an insight into the challenges of diagnosing central diabetes insipidus and the hypothalamic/pituitary involvement in cases of congenital toxoplasmosis. [Abstract copyright: © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email: [email protected].
Corrigendum: Neural Correlates of Theory of Mind Are Preserved in Young Women With Anorexia Nervosa.
No full textFrom PubMed via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-10-14, accepted 2020-11-09Publication status: epublish[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.568073.]. [Abstract copyright: Copyright © 2020 Leslie, Halls, Leppanen, Sedgewick, Smith, Hayward, Lang, Fonville, Simic, Mandy, Nicholls, Murphy, Williams and Tchanturia.
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