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From celebrating diversity to British values: The changing face of Holocaust Memorial Day in Britain
No full text2021 marks the twentieth anniversary of Holocaust Memorial Day (HMD) in Britain. In the two decades since the inaugural ceremony took place successive British government have sought to position themselves at the very forefront of Holocaust remembrance and education on a national, international, and supranational, level. As such, the Holocaust has emerged as a dominant socio-political symbol in twenty-first century Britain even though the event intersects with the British experience in few ways, in part, due to the lack of connections the country has to the sites of deportation or extermination. Though the increase in activities for HMD suggests a growing engagement with the Holocaust in British society this obscures the complex discourses surrounding the day, and inherent tensions that have existed within it since its inception in 1999. This chapter explores some of these by tracing the shift in Holocaust remembrance in Britain since the establishment of HMD in 2001, considering the political tensions surrounding it and the changing politicised messages being promoted by it. It is the position of this chapter that, evermore, HMD is being utilised as a means by which to evoke specific values for the furthering of very particular political agendas
Trust, Efficacy and Ethicacy when testing prisoners for Covid19
Get PDFThis author accepted manuscript is deposited under a Creative Commons Attribution Non-commercial 4.0 International (CC BY-NC) licence. This means that anyone may distribute, adapt, and build upon the work for non-commercial purposes, subject to full attribution. If you wish to use this manuscript for commercial purposes, please contact [email protected] outbreak of the SARS-CoV-2 virus and subsequent Covid-19 illness has had a major impact on all levels of society internationally. The extent of the impact of Covid-19 on prison staff and prisoners in England and Wales is unknown. Testing for Covid-19 both asymptomatic and symptomatic, as well as for antibodies, to date, has been minimal. The widespread testing of Covid-19 in prisons poses philosophical and ethical questions around trust, efficacy and ethicacy.
This paper is both descriptive, providing an overview of the widespread testing of Covid-19 in prisoners in England and Wales, and conceptual in that it discusses and argues the issues associated with large-scale testing. This paper provides philosophical discussion, using comparative studies, of the issues associated with large-scale testing of prisoners across the prison estate in England and Wales (120 prisons). The issues identified in this paper are contextualised through the lens of Covid-19, but they are equally transferrable to epidemiological studies of any pandemic. Given the prevalence of Covid-19 globally and the lack of information about its spread in prisons, at the time of writing this paper, there is a programme of asymptomatic testing of prisoners. However, there remains a paucity of data on the spread of Covid-19 in prisons due to the progress with the ongoing testing programme.
We argue that the widespread testing of prisoners requires careful consideration of the details regarding who is included in testing, how consent is gained and how tests are administered. This paper outlines and argues the importance of considering the complex nuance of power relationships within the prison system, between prisoner officers, medical staff and prisoners, and the detrimental consequences.
The widespread testing of Covid-19 presents ethical and practical challenges. Careful planning is required when considering the ethics of who should be included in Covid-19 testing, how consent will be gained, who and how tests will be administered as well as very practical challenges around the recording and assigning of Covid-19 test kits inside the prison. The current system for the general population requires scanning of barcodes and registration using a mobile number, these facilities are not permitted inside a prison.
This paper looks at the issues associated with mass testing of prisoners for Covid-19. There has not been any research that looks at the issues of testing either in the UK or internationally. The literature available details countries responses to the pandemic rather and scientific papers on the development of vaccines. Therefore, this paper is an original review of some of the practicalities that need to be addressed to ensure that testing can be as successful as possible
Promoting inclusion and diversity in early years settings: A professional guide to ethnicity, religion, culture and language
No full texthis guide provides insights, case studies and resources to enable anyone working in early years settings to identify and understand the individual needs of children from diverse backgrounds and the steps that can be taken to support and extend their learning.
Examining the impact of unconscious bias, blind spots and institutionalised discrimination that set some children at a disadvantage, this book raises awareness and provides strategies for professionals to proactively support those affected. It covers race and ethnicity, religion, culture, EAL and intersectionality and enables professionals to help children from diverse backgrounds to develop to the best of their potentia
A new perspective on the numerical and analytical treatment of a certain singular Volterra integral equation
Get PDFIn this thesis, the focus of our attention is on a certain linear Volterra integral equation with singular kernel. The equation is of great interest due to the fact that, under certain conditions, it possesses an in finite family of solutions, out of which only one has C1-continuity. Numerous previous studies have been conducted and a variety of solution methods proposed. However, the emphasis has invariably been on determining just the differentiable solution. Thus, a significant gap in the research relating to this equation was identified and, therefore, our main objective here was to develop an effective solution method that allows us to approximate any chosen solution out of the infinite solution set. To this end, we converted the original integral equation into a singular differential form. Then, by applying a combination of analytical results from functional and real analysis, measure theory and the theory of Lebesgue integration, we reduced the problem to that of solving a regular initial value problem.
Numerical methods were then applied and our experimental results proved that our method was highly effective, producing very accurate approximations to the true solution in a comparative study. Therefore, we feel our work here makes a significant contribution in this field of study, both from a theoretical viewpoint, as during the course of our research we established a direct relationship between the non-smooth solutions of the integral equation and the weak solutions of our differential scheme, and in practice. Integral equations of this form arise in the study of heat conduction, diffusion and in thermodynamics. Therefore, another of our aims was to construct a method that could readily be applied in 'real world' modelling. Thus, as traditional models most often present as differential equations and, furthermore, as our method significantly simplifies the process of computing the solutions, we believe we have achieved this objective. Hence, in the final chapter, we highlight some of the ways in which our method could be adopted in order to help solve some of today's most challenging problems
In Sickness and in Health: A Theological-Exegetical Reading of Healings in the Gospels and Acts as the Basis for the Development of a Pentecostal Theology of Healing
No full textThere is, and always has been, a dark side to Pentecostal theologies of healing. This is because Pentecostal theologies and practices of healing have not adequately dealt with the reality that for many Pentecostals the promise of divine healing is not borne out by experience. This contradiction between promise and experience exacerbates the suffering of people who are not healed after prayer and alienates them from the very faith community that should be supporting them. The key argument of this thesis, and the original contribution to knowledge it will provide, is that a theological-exegetical reading of the Gospels and Acts can be utilised to inform and ground a renewed theology of healing which, rather than alienating those affected by illness, injury, or disability, empowers them.
A literature review confirms that there is not already a biblically based and sufficiently developed pentecostal theology and practice of healing, which is consistent with the experience of the many Pentecostals who are not healed after prayer, which is, or could be, followed by Pentecostals in Britain today (Chapter 3). The Pentecostal hermeneutic of Spirit, Community and Word is utilised to ground the renewed theology of healing. The lived testimonies of Christians whose prayers for divine healing remain unanswered bears witness to the fact that not all faithful Spirit-filled Christians are healed today (Chapter 4). A theological-exegetical reading of the healing narratives in the Gospels and Acts reveals that the presuppositions held by many Pentecostals in relation to healing were not upheld (Chapter 5). This demonstrated that the Evangelists did not expect their readers to assume that Jesus healed all who came to him, or that faith was a prerequisite to healing. The outcomes of the reading of the Gospels and Acts, as well as the examination of the lived testimonies of current Pentecostal believers are utilised to ground a renewed Pentecostal theology of healing (Chapter 6). This theology is shaped by a theology of the cross and the message of Johann Blumhardt, which set healing within a cosmic-eschatological perspective. Significantly, this renewed theology is one which does not alienate those who suffer. Rather, it acknowledges the sustaining power of the Holy Spirit in the lives of those who are suffering, and it recognises their continuing faithfulness to God in the midst of suffering as lives that are victorious. It is theology which calls the church to fight the causes of suffering, but also to be present with those who suffer. The church can then respond consistently and compassionately to those who suffer both before and after prayers for healing, regardless of the outcome of those prayers
Impacts of COVID-19 and social isolation on academic staff and students at universities: A cross-sectional study
Get PDFThe impacts of the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the shutdown it triggered at universities across the world, led to a great degree of social isolation among university staff and students. The aim of this study was to identify the perceived consequences of this on staff and their work and on students and their studies at universities.
Method
The study used a variety of methods, which involved an on-line survey on the influences of social isolation using a non-probability sampling. More specifically, two techniques were used, namely a convenience sampling (i.e. involving members of the academic community, which are easy to reach by the study team), supported by a snow ball sampling (recruiting respondents among acquaintances of the participants). A total of 711 questionnaires from 41 countries were received. Descriptive statistics were deployed to analyse trends and to identify socio-demographic differences. Inferential statistics were used to assess significant differences among the geographical regions, work areas and other socio-demographic factors related to impacts of social isolation of university staff and students.
Results
The study reveals that 90% of the respondents have been affected by the shutdown and unable to perform normal work or studies at their institution for between 1 week to 2 months. While 70% of the respondents perceive negative impacts of COVID 19 on their work or studies, more than 60% of them value the additional time that they have had indoors with families and others. .
Conclusions
While the majority of the respondents agree that they suffered from the lack of social interaction and communication during the social distancing/isolation, there were significant differences in the reactions to the lockdowns between academic staff and students. There are also differences in the degree of influence of some of the problems, when compared across geographical regions. In addition to policy actions that may be deployed, further research on innovative methods of teaching and communication with students is needed in order to allow staff and students to better cope with social isolation in cases of new or recurring pandemics.BMC has no policy in place for Green OA - only Gold is permissible. This was not recognised at the time of submission. AAM removed and archived 06/03/2025. VoR uploaded to record 06/03/202
The effects of development aid on irregular migration to Europe: Deterrence or attraction?
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-09-01, accepted 2021-01-01, pub-electronic 2021-05-19Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: School of Education, Environment and Development. The University of ManchesterAbstract: Motivation: Responding to growing immigration concerns in recent years, European countries have claimed to tackle the root causes of migration using development assistance. Some recent analyses find more aid to be associated with lower immigration, providing support to this policy. But these findings rely on measures of regular migration, while donors’ concern is centred on irregular migrants. Purpose: This study tests whether development aid has a deterrent effect on irregular migration to Europe. Methods: Adopting innovative data on irregular migration flows to Europe between 2009 and 2016, a simultaneous equations model accounts for the potential endogeneity of both total and bilateral aid. Findings: The study finds that total aid does not significantly reduce numbers of migrants apprehended at Europe’s border. Moreover, bilateral aid tends to raise these numbers. The estimated costs for each deterred irregular migrant are high: in the best‐case scenario the range is between USD 150,000 and USD 320,000. The estimated costs to deter regular migrants are even higher, between USD 0.9 million and USD 2.5 million. Both estimates concur with those from previous work. Findings are robust to different aid measures and specifications. Policy implications: Empirical results provide no evidence to support the use of development aid to deter migration
Alzheimer's disease pathology is associated with earlier alterations to blood–brain barrier water permeability compared with healthy ageing in TgF344‐AD rats
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2020-11-05, rev-recd 2021-02-06, accepted 2021-02-26, pub-electronic 2021-03-15, pub-print 2021-07Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268; Grant(s): BB/F011350Funder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266; Grant(s): EP/M005909/1Funder: European Union’s Seventh Framework Programme; Grant(s): FP7/2007‐2013, HEALTH‐F2‐2011‐278850, HEALTH‐F2‐2011‐278850The effects of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and ageing on blood–brain barrier (BBB) breakdown are investigated in TgF344‐AD and wild‐type rats aged 13, 18 and 21 months. Permeability surface area products of the BBB to water (PSw) and gadolinium‐based contrast agent (PSg) were measured in grey matter using multiflip angle multiecho dynamic contrast‐enhanced MRI. At 13 months of age, there was no significant difference in PSw between TgF344‐AD and wild‐types (p = 0.82). Between 13 and 18 months, PSw increased in TgF344‐AD rats (p = 0.027), but not in wild‐types (p = 0.99), leading to significantly higher PSw in TgF344‐AD rats at 18 months, as previously reported (p = 0.012). Between 18 and 21 months, PSw values increased in wild‐types (p = 0.050), but not in TgF344‐AD rats (p = 0.50). These results indicate that BBB water permeability is affected by both AD pathology and ageing, but that changes occur earlier in the presence of AD pathology. There were no significant genotype or ageing effects on PSg (p > 0.05). In conclusion, we detected increases in BBB water permeability with age in TgF344‐AD and wild‐type rats, and found that changes occurred at an earlier age in rats with AD pathology
The Origin of Catalytic Benzylic C−H Oxidation over a Redox‐Active Metal–Organic Framework
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-02-15, rev-recd 2021-03-27, pub-electronic 2021-06-04Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000266; Grant(s): EP/I011870Funder: H2020 European Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100010663; Grant(s): 742401Abstract: Selective oxidation of benzylic C−H compounds to ketones is important for the production of a wide range of fine chemicals, and is often achieved using toxic or precious metal catalysts. Herein, we report the efficient oxidation of benzylic C−H groups in a broad range of substrates under mild conditions over a robust metal–organic framework material, MFM‐170, incorporating redox‐active [Cu2II(O2CR)4] paddlewheel nodes. A comprehensive investigation employing electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy and synchrotron X‐ray diffraction has identified the critical role of the paddlewheel moiety in activating the oxidant tBuOOH (tert‐butyl hydroperoxide) via partial reduction to [CuIICuI(O2CR)4] species
The city‐island‐state, wounding cascade, and multi‐level vulnerability explored through the lens of Malta
Get PDFIn this paper, we introduce the concept of “city‐island‐state” into a discussion of small highly urbanised islands. We place the “city” at the forefront of our analysis by bringing together the geographies of the “city” and “state,” together with a wider discussion of factors that may cause both the wounding of the city and an increase in the precariousness of the “island.” We apply this concept to the advanced city‐island‐state of Malta (Central Mediterranean), which is a densely populated, urbanised small island archipelago with about 500,000 inhabitants and operates as a single city with an urban core, suburbs, and a rural hinterland that is rapidly decreasing in size. This city‐island‐state is frequently considered as being “safe” from external geophysical, climatic, and anthropogenic wounding, but, in reality, Malta, as a city, an island, and an independent nation‐state, is faced with multiple internal and external pressures that increase its precariousness and vulnerability to such externalities. Some of these are socio‐economic, but others are environmental. We argue that the potential for wounding is particularly marked in Malta, that it is exacerbated by the contemporary globalised neoliberal world of flows and interconnectivities, and that this represents a multi‐level wounding cascade: wounding the city wounds the island and, by extension, the state
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