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Role of emotional intelligence in effective nurse leadership
Get PDFThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a published work that appeared in final form in Nursing Standard. To access the final edited and published work see http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/ns.2021.e11782Leaders who practice emotional leadership demonstrate a sensitivity to their own and other’s feelings, wellbeing and emotional health. In this style of leadership, the person leads with emotional intelligence, directing others to common goals while developing solid and effective personal relationships. This article explores emotional leadership and argues that it is not only a key quality of effective leaders but has a particular relevance with the emotional burden created within the healthcare workforce by the recent COVID-19 pandemic
Review article: time to revisit Child‐Pugh score as the basis for predicting drug clearance in hepatic impairment
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-03-04, rev-recd 2021-04-14, accepted 2021-06-04, pub-electronic 2021-07-04Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: Egyptian Missions SectorSummary: Background: Prescription information for many drugs entering the market lacks dosage guidance for hepatic impairment. Dedicated studies for assessing the fate of drugs in hepatic impairment commonly stratify patients using Child‐Pugh score. Child‐Pugh is a prognostic clinical score with limitations in reflecting the liver's metabolic capacity. Aims: To demonstrate the need for better drug dosing approaches in hepatic impairment, summarise the current status, identify knowledge gaps related to drug kinetic parameters in hepatic impairment, propose solutions for predicting the liver disease impact on drug exposure and discuss barriers to dosing guidance in those patients. Methods: Relevant reports on dosage adjustment in hepatic impairment were analysed concerning the prediction of the impairment impact on drug kinetics using physiologically‐based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling. Results: PBPK models are suggested as a potential framework to understand drug clearance changes in hepatic impairment. Quantifying changes in abundance and activity of drug‐metabolising enzymes and transporters, understanding the impact of shunting, and accounting for interindividual variations in drug absorption could help in extending the success of these models in hepatically‐impaired populations. These variables might not correlate with Child‐Pugh score as a whole. Therefore, new metabolic activity markers, imaging techniques and other scoring systems are proposed to either support or substitute Child‐Pugh score. Conclusions: Many physiological changes in hepatic impairment determining the fate of drugs do not necessarily correlate with Child‐Pugh score. Quantifying these changes in individual patients is essential in future hepatic impairment studies. Further studies assessing Child‐Pugh alternatives are recommended to allow better prediction of drug exposure
Emotional empathy of postgraduate students
Get PDFThis paper focuses on the leaders’ ability to recognise and empathise with emotions. This is important because leadership and particularly transformational leadership are principally focused on an individual’s social interactions and their ability to identify emotions and to react empathetically to the emotions of others (Psychogios and Dimitriadis, 2020). Many leadership theorists suggest the ability to have and display empathy is an important part of leadership (Bass, 1990; Walumbwa, et. al., 2008).
To examine the extent to which those who work in jobs with a significant element of leadership education can recognise and empathise with emotions, ninety-nine part-time postgraduate executive MBA students took part in an emotional recognition test. First, all participants were shown a sequence of pictures portraying different human facial expressions and the electrical activity in the brain as a result of the visual stimuli were recorded using an electroencephalogram (EEG). The second stage of the research was for the participants to see the same seven randomised images, but this time, they had to report what emotion they believed they had visualised and the intensity of it on a self-reporting scale.
This study demonstrated that the ability to recognise emotions is more accurate using EEG techniques compared to participants using self-reporting surveys. The results of this study provide academic departments with evidence that more work needs to be done with students to develop their emotional recognition skills. Particularly for those students who are or will go onto occupy leadership roles
The Role of the Body Clock in Asthma and COPD: Implication for Treatment
Get PDFFrom Springer Nature via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2018-05-01, pub-print 2018-06, online 2018-06-01, pub-electronic 2018-06-01, registration 2018-06-08Publication status: PublishedFunder: Asthma UK; doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000362; Grant(s): AUK-SCAD-2013-229Abstract: Asthma exhibits a marked time of day variation in symptoms, airway physiology, and airway inflammation. This is also seen in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), but to a lesser extent. Our understanding of how physiological daily rhythms are regulated by the circadian clock is increasing, and there is growing evidence that the molecular clock is important in the pathogenesis of these two airway diseases. If time of day is important, then it follows that treatment of asthma and COPD should also be tailored to the most efficacious time of the day, a concept known as ‘chronotherapy’. There have been a number of studies to determine the optimal time of day at which to take medications for asthma and COPD. Some of these agents are already used ‘chronotherapeutically’ in practice (often at night-time). However, several studies investigating systemic and inhaled corticosteroids have consistently shown that the best time of day to take these medications for treating asthma is in the afternoon or early evening and not in the morning, when these medications are often prescribed. Future, large, randomized, placebo-controlled studies of systemic and inhaled corticosteroids in asthma and COPD are needed to inform clinical practice. Digital Features: This article is published with a graphical abstract to facilitate understanding of the article. To view digital features for this article go to the Supplementary Information of the article
Assessment of Dependency of Unsteady Onset Flow and Resultant Tidal Turbine Fatigue Loads on Measurement Position at a Tidal Site
Get PDFFrom MDPI via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: accepted 2021-08-25, pub-electronic 2021-09-02Publication status: PublishedFunder: Interreg; Grant(s): TIGERThis work determines the variation in the fatigue loading on a tidal turbine at two depth positions and two different locations within a site. Site data were obtained at the European Marine Energy Centre, EMEC, test facility in Scotland, which has been compiled at the University of Edinburgh. The turbine modelled is the 18m Diameter DEEP-gen 1MW horizontal axis turbine. A blade element method is combined with a synthetic turbulence inflow to determine forces along the blade over a period of five tidal cycles. The focus is on establishing the difference between the loads at one tidal site, with an emphasis on the variety of turbulent conditions, with the onset flow fluctuations as great as 17% and the average integral lengthscales varying from 11 to 14 m at hub height. Fatigue loading is assessed using damage equivalent loads, with a 30% variation between turbine positions and 32% between turbine locations within a site, for one design case. When long term loading is assessed, a 41% difference is found for aggregated loads for a near surface turbine and a 28% difference for a near bed turbine
Reducing the burden of orthodontic care for children with clefts: evaluating the effectiveness of pre-alveolar bone graft orthodontics in unilateral non-syndromic cleft patients (PABO study)- A study protocol for a multicentric randomised controlled trial.
Get PDFFrom Europe PMC via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: ppub 2021-08-01, epub 2021-08-28Publication status: PublishedFunder: Science and Engineering Board, Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India; Grant(s): CRG/2019/005689BackgroundAn alveolar cleft commonly affects 75% of cleft lip and palate patients. While it is common practice to provide a course of orthodontic treatment before alveolar bone grafting, there are no previous high-quality studies reporting on the benefits of this type of treatment.AimThe aim of the study is to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-alveolar bone graft orthodontics for unilateral non-syndromic cleft palate patients.MethodThe PABO trial is a multicentric, parallel, two-arm, single-blinded randomised controlled trial. The inclusion criteria include unilateral cleft alveolus patients requiring bone graft and between the age group of 8 and 13 years with erupted upper central incisors. Participants will be recruited at three centres across India. Participants will be randomised to orthodontic treatment or no orthodontic treatment group. Both groups of participants will have alveolar bone graft surgery and will be followed up for 6 months after surgery. The primary outcome will be the success of the alveolar bone graft measured by anterior oblique radiograph and secondary outcomes include quality of life, cost analysis and quality of the dento-occlusal outcome. Data analysis will be carried out by an independent statistician at the end of the study.DiscussionThis study is the first to evaluate the effect of orthodontics on alveolar bone graft success. The increased burden of care for these patients with multiple treatments required from multiple specialists from birth to adult life highlights the need for reducing unnecessary treatment provision.Trial registrationClinical Trials Registry - India, CTRI/2020/10/028756 . Trial prospectively registered on 29 October 2020.
A comparative analysis of recombinant Fab and full‐length antibody production in Chinese hamster ovary cells
Get PDFFrom Wiley via Jisc Publications RouterHistory: received 2021-06-18, rev-recd 2021-08-31, accepted 2021-09-12, pub-electronic 2021-10-06Article version: VoRPublication status: PublishedFunder: UCB UK; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/100011111Funder: Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council; Id: http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100000268; Grant(s): BB/R001731/1, BB/R002096/1Abstract: Monoclonal antibodies are the leading class of biopharmaceuticals in terms of numbers approved for therapeutic purposes. Antigen‐binding fragments (Fab) are also used as biotherapeutics and used widely in research applications. The dominant expression systems for full‐length antibodies are mammalian cell‐based, whereas for Fab molecules the preference has been an expression in bacterial systems. However, advances in CHO and downstream technologies make mammalian systems an equally viable option for small‐ and large‐scale Fab production. Using a panel of full‐length IgG antibodies and their corresponding Fab pair with different antigen specificities, we investigated the impact of the IgG and Fab molecule format on production from Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cells and assessed the cellular capability to process and produce these formats. The full‐length antibody format resulted in the recovery of fewer mini‐pools posttransfection when compared to the corresponding Fab fragment format that could be interpreted as indicative of a greater overall burden on cells. Antibody‐producing cell pools that did recover were subsequently able to achieve higher volumetric protein yields (mg/L) and specific productivity than the corresponding Fab pools. Importantly, when the actual molecules produced per cell of a given format was considered (as opposed to mass), CHO cells produced a greater number of Fab molecules per cell than obtained with the corresponding IgG, suggesting that cells were more efficient at making the smaller Fab molecule. Analysis of cell pools showed that gene copy number was not correlated to the subsequent protein production. The amount of mRNA correlated with secreted Fab production but not IgG, whereby posttranscriptional processes act to limit antibody production. In summary, we provide the first comparative description of how full‐length IgG and Fab antibody formats impact on the outcomes of a cell line construction process and identify potential limitations in their production that could be targeted for engineering increases in the efficiency in the manufacture of these recombinant antibody formats
Postliberal positions in public theology
No full textIn this chapter, I seek to show that, contrary to widespread caricatures as fideists eschewing publicly intelligible critical scrutiny, or sectarians advocating Christian disengagement from the public realm, postliberal theologians have a deep commitment to publicness in both these senses, which arises from their commitment to the irreducible particularity of Christian beliefs, practices and the stories which norm them. It is, I argue first, because of this commitment to Christian particularity and the orientation to the public it entails, that they are critical of attempts to establish the public status of Christian belief and practice on a putatively universalist foundation or general theory of human existence or religion. They pursue this critique in order to preserve the public character of Christian faith. Second, to different degrees, they seek to mobilise what they take to be core resources of Christian tradition, not least its central scriptural narratives, in order to frame, orient and exemplify constructive Christian engagement with public issues and events. Third, they have sought to find ways to articulate the modes and terms of critical public accountability for Christian beliefs and practices without lapsing back into the very modes of theological and ethical argument against which they protest. These tend to liken the public intelligibility of Christian meanings to those of the culture of a community, to combine realist, coherentist and pragmatic understandings to describe what it means to call Christianity ‘true’, which admit of a range of public ways of assessing Christian discourse without subordinating it to a distorting set of criteria
Drawing Blood, Drawing Poison, Drawing Fire
No full text18 animated films (mp4) of 30 seconds duration each. Exhibition will be available until 4th January 2022The 20 new online animations and 8 workshops were inspired by an 1878 book in Gladstone’s Library: "Gladstone from Judy'’s point of view, from the last ten years". The book collects cartoons satirising liberal political opinion from the pages of conservative magazine Judy. The programme made use of these cartoons as starting points. The artworks and 8 workshops used public debate about hot topics in the 1870s to provide insights into the tone and topics of public debate today: workshop participants learned to draw cartoons considering issues of race, gender, sexuality, class and colonialism, seen through the lens of Victorian cartoons. The online exhibition and workshop programme was delivered with a new partnership of 9 institutions, on phone, tablet, laptop and desktop. Creative Arts Space Chester (CASC) and Gladstone’s Library hosted the online animations. Practical online workshops were provided for users of 8 local libraries in areas of marginal deprivation (20%–40% of average), where cultural funding is low (Broughton, Buckley, Mold, Deeside, Connah’s Quay, Holywell and Flint Libraries and Gladstone’s). The programme improved access to cultural activities for teenagers and older people; established an online community; developed the artist’s practice and provided practical training in drawing and thinking about personal and historic experiences. The project supported the emerging online programme at all of the libraries. The exhibition remains online
Can Weight Watchers (WW) help address maternal obesity? An audit of weight change in women of childbearing age and mothers-to-be, referred into a commercial slimming programme
Get PDFThe version of record of this article, first published in [Maternal and Child Health Journal], is available online at Publisher’s website: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10995-021-03204-5The scale of overweight and obesity amongst women of childbearing age or mothers to be, living in Wales, places a considerable burden on the NHS and public health. High BMI (over 30) during pregnancy increases the health risks for mother and baby. Policy advice recommends weight management services are available to help women lose weight before and whilst planning pregnancy. In parts of Wales, NHS partnerships with commercial companies provide weight management services for women considering or planning pregnancy. This study evaluates whether an established referral Weight Watchers (WW) programme, known to be effective in adults in England, can help mothers-to-be living in North Wales lose weight. Analysis used routine data from 82 referrals to WW between June 2013 and January 2015. Participants received a referral letter inviting them to attend face-to-face group workshops combined with a digital experience. The programme encompassed healthy eating, physical activity and positive mind-set. Trained WW staff measured bodyweight before, during and at 12 weeks. On entry to the course, participants had a median age of 31.4 years (interquartile range (IQR) 28-34) with a median BMI of 36.8 kg/m (IQR 33.3-43.7). Women completing the course (n = 34) had a median weight loss of 5.65 kg (IQR 0.45-10.85), equating to 5.7% (SD 3.46) of initial body weight. Intention-to-treat analysis (last observation carried forward), which included lapsed courses n = 66, showed a median weight loss of 3.6 kg (IQR - 2.53 to 9.73), equating to 3.7% (SD 3.62) of initial body weight. Overall, there was significant weight loss during the WW programme (Wilcoxon signed rank test Z = - 6.16; p < 0.001). Weight loss was significantly correlated with the number of workshops attended (Spearman correlation coefficient 0.61 p < 0.001). The proportion of all 82 participants (intention to treat, baseline observation carried forward) that achieved a weight loss of ≥ 5% initial weight was 30.5%. Referral of obese mothers-to-be into WW can successfully achieve short-term weight loss, at or above 5%, in approximately one third of participants. The dose-response effect supports a causal inference. Successful weight loss at this critical life stage may provide women with the necessary motivation to initiate weight loss for healthy pregnancy, however further research is required. [Abstract copyright: © 2021. The Author(s).
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