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Patient experience of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT): A systematic review
No full textIn the United Kingdom, electroconvulsive therapy (can be administered according to NICE guidelines for depression, catatonia or severe/prolonged mania (2003 NICE, 2009). ECT was first used in the United Kingdom in 1939 Kalinowsky 1939 and its application and practice has been developed and modernised since. There is a considerable body of research into the efficacy of ECT, and the Royal College of Psychiatrists report that in 2018/2019 68 of patients were much or very much improved following ECT (RCPsych, 2020). It is known however that both public perception and media portrayal of ECT is generally negative (Griffiths and O’Neill Kerr, 2019).
Discussion
This review highlights patient experiences of ECT through the identification of seven themes The findings suggest that patient
experience of ECT includes themes of fear, consent, decision making and autonomy. Patients were found to experience fear and anxiety in regards to the procedure, and studies described patients being poorly informed about ECT. Issues around the consent process were highlighted including those in which patients did not feel they had a choice with regards to treatment ECT was associated with memory loss and cognitive impairment which were captured in patient experience following treatment. In many studies however, ECT was also found to be a tolerable and effective treatment with an improvement in symptoms and patient
satisfaction reported The experience of ECT was affected by knowledge and information provision and high standards of service
provision, including supportive nursing
Football Fandom as a Platform for Digital Health Promotion and Behaviour Change: A Mobile App Case Study
Get PDFThe last decade has seen a dramatic shift toward the study of fitness surveillance, thanks in part to the emergence of mobile health (mHealth) apps that allow users to track their health through a variety of data-driven insights. This study examines the adoption trends and community mediation of the mobile fitness application ‘FanFit’, a platform aimed at promoting physical activity among sports fans by creating a fitness app branded to their favourite team for health promotion. Objective: Our study looked at the impact of a specially designed mobile app (FanFit) as a digital health intervention for initiating and maintaining physical activity as part of football club membership. Our analysis indicates that app users will adopt healthier behaviours as a result of the app’s sense of fan community and behaviour change. Methods: The findings reported here are based on an implementation of the FanFit app and, in particular, on those who participated in a more in-depth study (n = 30). These participants were Rangers FC supporters with a mix of genders (n = 19 males and n = 11 females). Focus groups and interviews were conducted with participants to ascertain users’ perspectives on the most effective methods for nudging users toward adopting and maintaining a pattern of fitness behaviours. Results: The findings show that the user community was interested in fitness and wanted to live a ‘healthy lifestyle,’ which was augmented and fuelled by the app’s competitive architecture design. Furthermore, the data reveal a new fan-health discourse about a person’s developing wants, talents, and identities as embodied beings. Conclusions: We have developed and presented valid links between the use of sports club apps and health programmes. The app could be useful for sports programmes and club providers looking for mHealth applications that provide community support through fan discourse with opportunities for both male and female fans
Numerical prediction of the chip formation and damage response in CFRP cutting with a novel strain rate based material model
Get PDFCarbon fibre reinforced plastics (CFRPs) are susceptible to various cutting damages. An accurate model that could efficiently predict the material removal and chip formation mechanisms will thus help to reduce the damages during cutting and further improved machining quality can be pursued. In previous studies, macro numerical models have been proposed to predict the orthogonal cutting of the CFRP laminates with subsurface damages under quasi-static loading conditions. However, the strain rate effect on the material behaviours has rarely been considered in the material modelling process, which would lead to the inaccurate prediction of the cutting process and damage extent, especially at high cutting speed. To address this issue, a novel material failure model is developed in this work by incorporating the strain rate effect across the damage initiation (combined Hashin and Puck laws) and evolution criteria. The variation in material properties with the strain rate is considered for the characterization of the stress-strain relationships under different loading speeds. With this material model, a three-dimensional macro numerical model is established to simulate the orthogonal cutting of CFRPs under four typical fibre cutting angles. The machining process and cutting force simulated by the proposed model are well agreed with the results of the CFRP orthogonal cutting experiments, and the prediction accuracy has been improved compared with the model without considering the strain rate effect. In addition, the effects of processing conditions on the subsurface damage in machining CFRPs under 135° are assessed. The subsurface damage is found to decrease with the cutting speed increases to 100 mm/s, afterwards, it tends to be stable when the cutting speed is over 100 mm/s. The increased severity of the subsurface damage is predicted with the higher cutting depths
European Fascist Movements: A Sourcebook
No full textThis volume offers a fresh and original collection of primary sources on interwar European fascist movements. These sources reflect new approaches to fascism that emphasise the practical, transnational experience of fascism as a social movement, contextualising ideological statements within the historical moments they were produced.
Divided into eighteen geographically based chapters, contributors draw together the history of different fascist and right-wing movements, selecting sources that reflect themes such as transnational ties, aesthetics, violence, female activism and the instrumentalisation of race, gender and religion. Each chapter provides a chronological, narrative account of movements interspersed with primary sources, from political speeches, police reports internal movement circulars and articles through to oral history, songs and music, photographs, artworks, poetry, and anti-fascist sources. The volume as a whole introduces readers to the diversity of fascist groups across the continent, demonstrating how fascist groups were constituted through social bonds, rather than around fixed ideologies, as such it captures the inexperience and ad-hoc character of early fascist groups.
With an introduction that explains the volume’s theoretical approach and elaborates on the chronology of European fascism, European Fascist Movements is the perfect sourcebook for any student of Modern European history and politics
Proteome Variation with Collagen Yield in Ancient Bone
Get PDF“This document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in [Journal of Proteome Research], copyright © American Chemical Society after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see [https://pubs.acs.org/doi/full/10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c01014].”Isotope analyses are some of the most common analytical methods applied to ancient bone, aiding the interpretation of past diets and chronology. For this, the evaluation of “collagen yield” (as defined in radiocarbon dating and stable isotope research) is a routine step that allows for the selection of specimens that are deemed adequate for subsequent analyses, with samples containing less than ∼1% “collagen yield” normally being used for isotopic analysis but discounted for radiocarbon dating. The aims of this study were to use proteomic methods of MALDI–TOF (matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry) and LC−ESI−MS/MS (liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry) to investigate the endogeneity of the dominant proteinaceous biomolecules within samples that are typically considered to contain poorly preserved protein. Taking 29 archaeological samples, we evaluated the proteome variability between different acid-soluble fractions removed prior to protein gelatinization and considered waste as part of the radiocarbon dating process. We then correlated these proteomes against the commonly used “collagen yield” proxy for preservation. We found that these waste fractions contained a significant amount of both collagenous and noncollagenous proteins (NCPs) but that the abundance of these was not correlated with the acquired “collagen yield”. Rather than a depleted protein load as would be expected from a low “collagen yield”, the variety of the extracted NCPs was comparable with that commonly obtained from ancient samples and included informative proteins useful for species identification, phylogenetic studies, and potentially even for isotopic analyses, given further method developments. Additionally, we did not observe any correlation between “collagen yield” and peptide mass fingerprint success or between the different fractions taken from the same sample but at different radiocarbon pretreatment stages. Overall, these findings highlight the value in retaining and analyzing sample fractions that are otherwise discarded as waste during the radiocarbon dating process but more importantly, that low “collagen yield” specimens that are often misinterpreted by archaeologists as being devoid of protein can still yield useful molecular sequence-based information
A stable platinum porphyrin-based photocatalyst for hydrogen production under visible light in water
Get PDFA stable system containing a Pt metallated porphyrin as a molecular solid photocatalyst in acidic aqueous solution is able to produce hydrogen efficiently, under visible light irradiation. The system shows an average H2 evolution of 467.3 μmol g-1 h-1
Peggy the tutor, mentor, colleague and friend
Get PDFIntroduction to the Festschrift - Essays in Honour of Peggy Morga
Policy interventions for minority ethnic young people and Decent Work
Get PDFMinority ethnic young people in most countries are some of the most likely to be unemployed or be in unstable or badly paid employment. Vietnam is a case in point where its minority ethnic young people face relatively low rates of employment, wages, job insecurity, job informality and poor working conditions.
To address these employment issues, Vietnam’s educational policy interventions have included the provision of minority ethnic boarding schools and foundational programmes, differentiated access arrangements and specialised vocational or training programmes for minority ethnic young people. But how do these relate to the aspects of ‘Decent Work’ for students and graduates of higher education, that is, opportunities described by the International Labour Organization describes as
productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men.
This policy briefing draws from a study examining the empowerment of minority ethnic young people (aged 18-25) to re-vision Decent Work in Vietnam with policy-makers, employers and university leaders (see the overview of study below). The briefing pinpoints key lessons and insights from Vietnam, one of the world’s fastest growing economies, where policy initiatives have attempted to enable greater access to employment opportunities for the diverse communities of minority ethnic people living across the country (see context of study below). Specifically, the briefing identifies the range of impacts that the various initiatives seem to have on the young people, in terms of their sense of empowerment to be able to access and participate in Decent Work.
The briefing outlines practical ways policy interventions might change to deepen access to Decent Work for minority ethnic young people. Whilst the recommendations in this report are directly relevant to policy makers across the fields of education and work in Vietnam and similar developing countries, the underlying principles have a wider resonance and applicability to policy makers across other geographic contexts with similar characteristics. For example, the rising occurrence of informal and unstable work opportunities which do not provide sufficient wage ‘to live’ has been noted for over two decades in the UK and US. We invite all policy makers in the fields of education and work to consider the practical value of the recommendations and principles within this brief
Inclusive policy-working with minority ethnic young people for decent work
Get PDFYoung people are one of the most significant assets in policy making. They contribute insight from the perspective of those affected by a policy or policy change, and as our future community and business leaders. Despite this, the involvement of young people in policy making remains relatively rare in many countries, including Vietnam. Although Vietnam is one of the world’s fastest growing economies, young people experience relatively low wages, job insecurity, job informality and poor working conditions.
Policy involvement can raise the awareness and motivation of those involved in policy making, but is challenging because long-standing marginalisation that can make people feel they do not have a voice worthy of consideration by government and other policy makers. Even creative and participatory methods need to be adapted to help young people to feel able to share their voice with those who are older and more powerful in society.
This policy briefing outlines how the creative, participatory method of appreciative inquiry can be used to enable policy makers to work successfully with younger people in the context of policies to expand ‘Decent Work’. ‘Decent Work’ is particular category of work which is described by the International Labour Organization as work which is
productive and delivers a fair income, security in the workplace and social protection for families, better prospects for personal development and social integration, freedom for people to express their concerns, organize and participate in the decisions that affect their lives and equality of opportunity and treatment for all women and men.
Participation of minority ethnic young people in policy making related to Decent Work is critical because of the complex distribution of governmental policy working across the fields of education, work, and culture. Young people offer rich, first-hand insight into the efficacy of policy which in turn should enable all parts of society to contribute economically and socially.
Specifically, the briefing pinpoints the preparation needs of younger people, especially those who typically are disadvantaged in economic, educational or other social terms, to engage in such participatory methods, as well as the adaptations needed to enable them to participate and contribute to policy activities.
This policy briefing draws from a study examining the empowerment of minority ethnic young people (aged 18-25) to re-vision Decent Work in Vietnam with policy-makers, employers, and university leaders (see overview of study below). This particular brief draws from appreciative inquiry groups which aimed to explore new ways of working and the strategies the project needed to develop to enable the young people to feel they were able to share their voice and contribute (see context of study below).
The policy briefing outlines practical ways to facilitate an inclusive approach to engaging minority ethnic young people in dialogue with policy makers and other stakeholders at national or local governmental levels. Whilst the recommendations in this report are directly relevant to national and local governmental policy makers across the policy fields of education and work in Vietnam and similar developing countries, the underlying principles may have a wider resonance and applicability to policy makers across other geographic contexts with similar characteristics. For example, the rising occurrence of informal and unstable work opportunities which do not provide sufficient wage ‘to live’ has been noted for over two decades in the UK and US. Similarly, although the project focuses on policyworking related to Decent Work, the principles have a wider applicability to other policy fields. We invite all national and local government and non-governmental policy makers to consider the practical value of the recommendations and principles within this brief
An exploration of how trainee counsellors, who have a Christian faith, experience the impact of person-centred counsellor training on their faith
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Person-Centered and Experiential Psychotherapies on 07 Feb 2022, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2022.2028663This study explores how trainee counselors, who have a Christian faith, experience the impact of person-centered counselor training on their faith. The research question was: ‘How do trainee counsellors who have a Christian faith experience the impact of person-centred counsellor training on their faith?’ The aims were: to explore the possible impact of person-centered counselor training on Christian faith; to explore trainees’ level of comfort at exploring issues of faith on the course; and to understand how counselor trainees who have a Christian faith perceive their faith ‘fits’ with person-centered theory.
The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and ana lyzed using Interpretive Phenomenological Analysis (IPA). Findings point to the centrality of God within the process of becoming a person-centered counselor, from the decision to train, to interpre tation of theory. All participants reported no, or limited, input from tutors on religious and spiritual issues. Differing levels of comfort were felt in the disclosure and exploration of their religious faith whilst training, citing supervisors of Christian faith or church members as the main sources of support with religious or spiritual issues. All participants experienced changes to their religious beliefs and practices, which occurred during and after the course of study
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