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The effect of fava bean (Vicia faba L.) protein ingestion on Myofibrillar Protein Synthesis at rest and after resistance exercise in healthy, young men and women: A randomised control trial
Get PDFThe aim of the present study was to evaluate the effect of feeding fava bean (Vicia faba L.) protein (FBP) on resting and post-exercise myofibrillar fractional synthetic rate (myoFSR). In a parallel, double-blind, randomised control trial, sixteen young, healthy recreationally active adults (age = 25 (5) years, body mass = 70 (15) kg, stature = 1.72 (0.11) m, mean (SD)) ingested 0.33 g·kg−1 FBP (n = 8) or a negative control (CON, i.e., EAA-free mixture) (n = 8), immediately after a bout of unilateral knee-extensor resistance exercise. Plasma, saliva, and m. vastus lateralis muscle samples were obtained pre-ingestion and 3 h post-ingestion. MyoFSR was calculated via deuterium labelling of myofibrillar-bound alanine, measured by gas chromatography–pyrolysis–isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-Pyr-IRMS). Resistance exercise increased myoFSR (p = 0.012). However, ingestion of FBP did not evoke an increase in resting (FBP 29 [−5, 63] vs. CON 12 [−25, 49]%, p = 0.409, mean % change [95% CI]) or post-exercise (FBP 78 [33, 123]% vs. CON 58 [9, 107]%, p = 0.732) myoFSR. Ingestion of 0.33 g·kg−1 of FBP does not appear to enhance resting or post-exercise myoFSR in young, healthy, recreationally active adults
Pen-y-Graig Woodland Centre Final Evaluation Report March 2022 of a Welsh Government Pilot Programme
No full textThis is a report that offers an evaluation of the Welsh Government funded Pilot Programme at Pen-y-Graig Woodland Centre
Postnatal Protein Intake as a Determinant of Skeletal Muscle Structure and Function in Mice-A Pilot Study
Get PDFSarcopenia is characterised by an age-related decrease in the number of muscle fibres and additional weakening of the remaining fibres, resulting in a reduction in muscle mass and function. Many studies associate poor maternal nutrition during gestation and/or lactation with altered skeletal muscle homeostasis in the offspring and the development of sarcopenia. The aim of this study was to determine whether the musculoskeletal physiology in offspring born to mouse dams fed a low-protein diet during pregnancy was altered and whether any physiological changes could be modulated by the nutritional protein content in early postnatal stages. Thy1-YFP female mice were fed ad libitum on either a normal (20%) or a low-protein (5%) diet. Newborn pups were cross-fostered to different lactating dams (maintained on a 20% or 5% diet) to generate three groups analysed at weaning (21 days): Normal-to-Normal (NN), Normal-to-Low (NL) and Low-to-Normal (LN). Further offspring were maintained ad libitum on the same diet as during lactation until 12 weeks of age, creating another three groups (NNN, NLL, LNN). Mice on a low protein diet postnatally (NL, NLL) exhibited a significant reduction in body and muscle weight persisting up to 12 weeks, unlike mice on a low protein diet only prenatally (LN, LNN). Muscle fibre size was reduced in mice from the NL but not LN group, showing recovery at 12 weeks of age. Muscle force was reduced in NLL mice, concomitant with changes in the NMJ site and changes in atrophy-related and myosin genes. In addition, μCT scans of mouse tibiae at 12 weeks of age revealed changes in bone mass and morphology, resulting in a higher bone mass in the NLL group than the control NNN group. Finally, changes in the expression of miR-133 in the muscle of NLL mice suggest a regulatory role for this microRNA in muscle development in response to postnatal diet changes. Overall, this data shows that a low maternal protein diet and early postnatal life low-protein intake in mice can impact skeletal muscle physiology and function in early life while postnatal low protein diet favours bone integrity in adulthood
The Effect of Dietary Carbohydrate and Fat Manipulation on the Metabolome and Markers of Glucose and Insulin Metabolism: A Randomised Parallel Trial
Get PDFHigh carbohydrate, lower fat (HCLF) diets are recommended to reduce cardiometabolic disease (CMD) but low carbohydrate high fat (LCHF) diets can be just as effective. The effect of LCHF on novel insulin resistance biomarkers and the metabolome has not been fully explored. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of an ad libitum 8-week LCHF diet compared with a HCLF diet on CMD markers, the metabolome, and insulin resistance markers. n = 16 adults were randomly assigned to either LCHF (n = 8, < 50 g CHO p/day) or HCLF diet (n = 8) for 8 weeks. At weeks 0, 4 and 8, participants provided fasted blood samples, measures of body composition, blood pressure and dietary intake. Samples were analysed for markers of cardiometabolic disease and underwent non-targeted metabolomic profiling. Both a LCHF and HCLF diet significantly (p < 0.01) improved fasting insulin, HOMA IR, rQUICKI and leptin/adiponectin ratio (p < 0.05) levels. Metabolomic profiling detected 3489 metabolites with 78 metabolites being differentially regulated, for example, an upregulation in lipid metabolites following the LCHF diet may indicate an increase in lipid transport and oxidation, improving insulin sensitivity. In conclusion, both diets may reduce type 2 diabetes risk albeit, a LCHF diet may enhance insulin sensitivity by increasing lipid oxidation
Detailed Error Analysis for a Fractional Adams Method on Caputo--Hadamard Fractional Differential Equations
Get PDFWe consider a predictor--corrector numerical method for solving Caputo--Hadamard fractional differential equation over the uniform mesh ~with , where is a partition of . The error estimates under the different smoothness properties of the solution and the nonlinear function are studied. Numerical examples are given to verify that the numerical results are consistent with the theoretical results
Humanistic burden of problem joints for children and adults with haemophilia
Get PDFIntroduction: The “problem joint” (PJ) concept was developed to address patient‐centric needs for a more holistic assessment of joint morbidity for people with haemophilia (PwH). Aim: To quantify the humanistic burden of PJs in PwH to further support validation of the PJ outcome measure. Methods: Multivariable regression models evaluated the relationship between PJs and health‐related quality of life (HRQoL, EQ‐5D‐5L) and overall work productivity loss (WPL) using data from the ‘Cost of HaEmophilia: a Socioeconomic Survey’ population studies (adults: CHESS II, CHESS US+; children/adolescents: CHESS‐Paeds). Covariates included were haemophilia severity, age, comorbidities and education. Results: The CHESS II sample included 292 and 134 PwH for HRQoL and WPL analyses, mean age 38.6 years (39% ≥1 PJ, 61% none). CHESS US+ included 345 and 239 PwH for HRQoL and WPL, mean age 35 years (43% ≥1 PJ, 57% none). CHESS‐Paeds included 198 PwH aged 4–17 (HRQoL only), mean age 11.5 years (19% ≥1 PJ, 81% none). In CHESS II and CHESS US+, presence of PJs was associated with worse HRQoL (Both p < .001). Few CHESS‐Paeds participants had PJs, with no significant correlation with HRQoL. In CHESS II, upper body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (p < .05). In CHESS US+, having ≥1 PJ or upper and lower body PJs were significantly correlated to WPL (vs. none; both p < .05). Conclusion: This study has shown a meaningful burden of PJs on PwH, which should be considered in clinical and health policy assessments of joint health.Funder: Sanofi, BioMarin, Takeda, Bayer, Roche, Swedish Orphan Biovitrum AB (Sobi), Novo Nordisk and SHIR
Older Trans Individuals’ Experiences of Health and Social Care and the Views of Healthcare and Social Care Practitioners: “They hadn’t a clue”
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Educational Gerontology on 24/01/2022, available online: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/03601277.2022.2027642This study investigated older trans people’s experiences of health and social care, and the experiences and views of practitioners in order to inform service development. Sixteen trans adults aged over 50 from Cheshire and nearby were recruited via community organisations and interviewed individually or in focus groups. Interviews were audiotaped and transcribed with consent. Health and social care service practitioners were interviewed remotely or face-to-face. Data were analysed thematically supported by qualitative data analysis software.
Three main themes were identified. ‘Levers’ indicated forces that influenced an individual’s contact with health and or social care positively or negatively, and encompassed five sub-themes: age; experiences good or bad; family/ close relationships; LGBT identity/ communities; and money/ finances. ‘Contextual forces’ encompassed societal forces that shape individuals’ encounters in care, lack the potential for positive influence, and are more closely allied to stereotypes/ myths: this theme included three sub-themes: discrimination/ hate; ignorance; and risk from others. ‘Positive practices’ encompassed five sub-themes, including learning/ training.
In conclusion older age increases the importance of access to treatment for gender variance whilst simultaneously complicating it; older trans service users may be sensitive to potentially discriminatory experiences because of historical experiences; services should endeavour to understand individuals in the context of life history and psycho-social context; practitioners benefit from training in positive inclusive approaches to care; local community services are advantageous. Further research is needed with particular attention to social care, the experiences of trans men, and how to translate findings into person-centred practice, education and training
Mental Wellbeing and Boosting Resilience to Mitigate the Adverse Consequences of the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Critical Narrative Review
Get PDFThe COVID-19 pandemic has wreaked havoc globally. Besides devastating physical health consequences, the mental health consequences are dire as well and are predicted to have a long-term impact for some individuals and communities and society as a whole. Specific keywords were entered into various popular databases at three points in time (June 2020, April 2021, and February 2022). Articles about COVID-19 that focused on mental health and/or discussed improving resilience/coping were reviewed by the authors. A total of 119 publications were included. The pandemic is certainly a chronic stressor for many people, and some may be traumatized in the aftermath which may lead to stress-related disorders. The psychological impacts of this stress and trauma are reported and findings presented around three key themes: mental health impact, impact in the workplace, and improving resilience. In addition, particularly vulnerable populations are discussed and some of the violence and inequities they might face. Resilience literature offers keys to promoting positive mental wellbeing during and after the pandemic. Being able to effectively respond to the heterogeneity of specific situations while building resilience is addressed. Prevention, preparedness, Psychological First Aid training, and trauma informed practice can all contribute to building resilience and promoting peri/post-traumatic growth at all levels of society. This narrative review provides an overview of the literature on mental health and resilience in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. The authors propose that, through the use of the accumulated empirical knowledge on resilience, we can mitigate many of the most damaging outcomes. Implications for mental health professionals, policy suggestions, and future research directions are explored
Mobility of Objects Across Boundaries 1000-1700
No full textDuring the period 1000-1700 major transformations took place in material culture. Quite simply, more objects were manufactured and used than ever before and many objects travelled across geographic, political, religious, linguistic, class and cultural boundaries. By starting with a focus on past objects, this volume brings together essays from art historians, historians, archaeologists, literary scholars and museum curators to reveal the different disciplinary approaches and methods taken to the study of objects and what this can reveal about transformations in material culture 1000-1700. Contributors: Katherine A. Wilson, Leah R. Clark, Alison M. Leonard, Steven P. Ashby, Michael Lewis, Robert Maniura, Sarah Hinds, Christina Antenhofer, Alexandra van Dongen, Bettina Bildhauer, Julie De Groot, Jennifer Hillman, Ruth Whelan, Christopher Donaldson, Thomas Pickles
Acceptance and Commitment Coaching for Oncology Healthcare Professionals
Get PDFOncology nurses are an occupational group that experience high stress, increasing risks of chronic outcomes such as burnout and compassion fatigue. This negatively affects staff absenteeism/turnover and the quality of patient care. Current oncology nurse stress-management interventions offer varied insight regarding effectiveness, with little information on how intervention
packages are tailored for this population, and how the intervention mechanisms bring about positive change. Acceptance and Commitment Training (ACT) provides a viable platform from which to offer stress management techniques, given both the relevance of mindfulness and values based behaviours to this context, and the availability of process measures to understand mechanisms of change. This thesis aimed to develop and test an ACT-based oncology nurse stress-management intervention following the MRC guidance, given the limited published research using ACT.
Online cross-sectional survey research (chapter two) revealed that acceptance, mindfulness and values-based processes are important in shifting work-related wellbeing outcomes in UK nurses, given the large amounts of variance explained by these components. This empirically guided the development of ACTION; a three-session (90 minutes each), group-based ACT intervention. ACTION was tested in three single-case experimental design (SCED) studies (chapters four to six). Intervention acceptability was demonstrated in the first SCED study, with qualitative data informing future development. Systematic changes to each of these trials, such as piloting alternative measures, a lengthier follow-up phase and the inclusion of eligibility
screening provided insightful results. ACTION demonstrated effectiveness for psychological flexibility, with improvements mainly observed at follow-up, even for participants receiving an online version of ACTION in response to COVID-19 pressures. Effects on stress were also promising. The implications of using SCED methodology in this context is discussed (e.g. the impact of extraneous factors on stress scores).
Qualitative data highlighted the potential utility of ACTION for promoting stress-management self-efficacy. The general self-efficacy scale was, thus, included as an outcome in studies three and four to capture this construct. Lack of sensitivity to change and frequent ceiling effects made demonstrating effectiveness on this variable a difficult process. It highlighted the importance
of using a domain-specific self-efficacy measure to test this potential secondary outcome of ACTION, but, to knowledge, no measure existed.
To address this gap, the final study of this thesis developed a stress management self-efficacy scale that aimed to reduce the risk of ceiling effects prevalent in previous self-efficacy scales. This study used an item-selection process that combines Classical Test and Item Response Theory. Forty items were reduced to sixteen, offering a scale that cannot only be used in future
trials of ACTION, but in any stress-management intervention trial from any occupational context.
Various recommendations are outlined in the final chapter, from advice for implementing ACTION in the applied setting, to methodological recommendations for a future Phase II trial
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