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Camera traps and genetic identification of faecal samples for detection and monitoring of an Endangered ungulate.
Get PDFAlmost all Indochinese ungulates are classified as globally threatened but efforts to assess and monitor population status have been hampered by their rarity, cryptic nature and uncertainty in accurate identification from sightings. An improved approach is urgently needed to gather information about threatened ungulate species in order to effectively conserve them as, a lack of reliable monitoring methods means that basic information such as population sizes, distribution and habitat associations is currently unknown. Here, we used a combination of camera trapping and genetic detection of the Endangered Eld’s deer, Rucervus eldii, to investigate the utility of these methods to infer intensity of site use within a protected Cambodian dry forest. We asked: 1) Are Eld's deer present in our study area?; 2) How is site use influenced by local habitat?; and 3) Do camera traps or genetic detection perform better in terms of detection and monitoring? Camera traps were deployed and faecal samples collected from Chhaeb Wildlife Sanctuary in Northern Cambodia during the 2017 dry season. Faecal samples were identified as Eld’s deer using newly developed species-specific mitochondrial DNA primers. Camera traps recorded 20 Eld’s deer observations across 3905 trap-nights and 44 out of 71 collected faecal samples, identified by fieldworkers as likely to belong to Eld’s deer, were positively identified to be so. Camera trap surveys and genetic detection demonstrated that Eld’s deer were present in Chhaeb Wildlife Sanctuary, although the number of detections relative to sampling effort was low in both methods (detected at 29% and 1% of sample sites, respectively). Occupancy models showed that water level and tree diameter both had positive relationships, whilst human and domestic or feral pig activity had a negative relationship, with the relative intensity of Eld’s deer site use. Overall, our data suggest that both of our methods can prove effective for monitoring Eld’s deer but that repeated sampling is necessary to account for their low detectability in this area. We suggest that faecal samples are collected during future camera trap monitoring visits to maximise efficiency, increase detectability, and provide the most information to support conservation
Rethinking Wat’s Dyke: a monument’s flow in a hydraulic frontier zone.
Get PDFBritain’s second-longest early medieval monument – Wat’s Dyke – was a component of an early medieval hydraulic frontier zone rather than primarily serving as a symbol of power, a fixed territorial border or a military stop-line. Wat’s Dyke was not only created to monitor and control mobility over land, but specifically did so through its careful and strategic placement by linking, blocking and overlooking a range of watercourses and wetlands. By creating simplified comparative topographical maps of the key fluvial intersections and interactions of Wat’s Dyke for the first time, this article shows how the monument should not be understood as a discrete human-made entity, but as part of a landscape of flow over land and water, manipulating and managing anthropogenic and natural elements. Understanding Wat’s Dyke as part of a hydraulic frontier zone not only enhances appreciation of its integrated military, territorial, socio-economic and ideological functionality and significance, most likely the construction of the middle Anglo-Saxon kingdom of Mercia, it also theorises Wat’s Dyke as built to constitute and maintain control both across and along its line, and operating on multiple scales. Wat’s Dyke was built to manage localised, middle-range as well as long-distance mobilities via land and water through western Britain and beyond
Book Review: The Material Fall of Roman Britain, 300–525 CE, by Robin Fleming (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021; pp. 303. $45).
Get PDFThis article has been accepted for publication in [The English Historical Review] published by Oxford University Press.A review of Robin Fleming, The Material Fall of Roman Britain, 300–525 CE (Philadelphia, PA: University of Pennsylvania Press, 2021)
How many practice hours are required to become a registered nurse?
Get PDFThis document is the Accepted Manuscript version of a Published Work that appeared in final form in [British Journal of Nursing], copyright © MA Education, after peer review and technical editing by the publisher. To access the final edited and published work see [https://www.magonlinelibrary.com/doi/abs/10.12968/bjon.2022.31.17.908].Globally, the number of nurse vacancies is high, and there has been much scrutiny on the preparation of the nursing workforce. The World Health Organization (2020) has called for an acceleration of nurse education to meet future demands. In the UK,
nursing is at a critical juncture. Post-pandemic attrition rates are high and, despite ambitious government targets, recruitment is unable to meet demand. A Nursing and Midwifery Council (NMC) report (NMC, 2022a) demonstrated that almost half the number of graduate nurses joining the register for the first time (48% of 48 436) completed nurse education outside the UK. Of this group, 66% were educated in India or the Philippines. Nurse education in the UK is approve
Understanding the contribution of intellectual disability nurses: Scoping research - Volume 1 of 3: Scoping literature review report
No full textIntroduction
This scoping review of literature is the first part of a 3-phase project. The RCN Foundation commissioned the University of West London and their collaborators to undertake scoping research on understanding the contribution of nurses to improving the health and well-being of children, adults and older people with intellectual disabilities, now and for the future. The overall aim of the research is to identify nursing-led and / or nursing centred interventions that are in place to address the challenging and changing needs of people with intellectual disabilities. The research sought to identify interventions, that can be implemented by nurses working in multi-disciplinary teams. The research identifies areas of good care delivery, any innovative practices, and possible gaps in the provision of care for individuals with intellectual disabilities.
Objective
The overall objective of this review is to summarise evidence on the contribution of intellectual disability nurses to improve the health and well-being of children, adults and older people with intellectual disabilities, now and for the future.
Methods
We searched the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) Reports, Medline, Embase, PsycINFO, CINAHL, Academic Search Elite, ProQuest Dissertations and Theses (Global) also known as Index to Theses, ETHOS, UK Government publications, and professional organisations’ publications. The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (for Scoping Reviews) (PRISMA-ScR) process and Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI) guidance was used to select the literature for review and to present the literature review report (Tricco et al., 2018; Peters et al., 2017). A mixed methods approach to the review and synthesis was used due to the heterogeneous nature of the evidence. JBI tools were used to rate studies for quality. Thematic synthesis was used to generate analytical themes.
Results
We retrieved 121 publications. Of these we excluded 35 after initial appraisal. We appraised 86 publications and excluded 33 after appraisal and we included 53 publications in this review. We identified a wide range of interventions (154) performed by intellectual disability nurses in a variety of settings across the lifespan. We categorised the intellectual disability nursing interventions into three themes; effectuating nursing procedures, enhancing impact of services, and enhancing quality of life.
The majority of publications reported cross-sectional studies (77%), 6% of publications were literature reviews, and 17% were opinion papers. Only two of the primary studies investigated the effectiveness of intellectual disability nurse interventions. The majority of the publications focused on interventions related to adults (31). Not all publications focussed on a particular age group. One publication referred to maternity, five focussed on interventions relevant to children, ten identified interventions relevant to all age groups, five focussed on older adults, five focussed on end of life interventions and one publication was not clear.
Conclusions
We identified 154 interventions performed by intellectual disability nurses in a variety of settings. We categorised the interventions into three themes; Effectuating nursing procedures (52 interventions), Enhancing impact of services (73 interventions), and Enhancing quality of life (41 interventions). Publications identifying the interventions performed by intellectual disability nurses in relation to maternity, children, older adults and end of life care were limited. Publications did not demonstrate the impact and effectiveness of interventions. This advocates for high quality research being essential in determining the impact and effectiveness of intellectual disability nursing interventions across the lifespan. We recommend that a searchable online compendium of intellectual disability nurse interventions be established and regularly reviewed
Active agents of change: A conceptual framework for social iustice-orientated citizenship education
Get PDFEgan-Simon, D., Active agents of change: A conceptual framework for social justice-orientated citizenship education, Equity in Education & Society, 1(2), pp. 297–310. Copyright © [2022] (The Authors). Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.Social justice–orientated citizenship education (SJCE) can help young people to develop the knowledge, skills and dispositions to work collectively towards solutions to problems such as human rights violations, global poverty and environmental sustainability (DeJaeghere and Tudball, 2007; Banks, 2017; Hartung, 2017). Furthermore, SJCE can enable young people to think critically, consciously and compassionately and allow them to grow intellectually with a concern for equality and justice. This paper presents a conceptual framework for SJCE for educators and educational researchers wishing to explore citizenship education within social justice contexts. The framework is based on four constitutive elements: agency, dialogue, criticality and emancipatory knowledge,
and has its philosophical foundations deeply rooted in the values and principles of critical pedagogy (Kincheloe, 2004; McLaren, 2014; Giroux, 2016). This conceptual framework for SJCE is ultimately concerned with developing justice-orientated active agents of change who are concerned with making the world more democratic, equitable and just
Does authentic self‐esteem buffer the negative effects of bullying victimization on social anxiety and classroom concentration? Evidence from a short‐term longitudinal study with early adolescents
Get PDFBullying victimization is a risk factor for social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration among young people. Self‐esteem has been implicated as a protective factor, but extant literature is sparse. Aims: Aim of present study was to test if a new measure of authentic self‐esteem can buffer the negative effects of bullying victimization on social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration concurrently and across time. Sample: A short‐term longitudinal questionnaire design was employed with 836 12‐ and 13‐year‐olds. Methods: Peer nominations of bullying victimization and self‐reports of authentic self‐esteem were collected during winter term, and self‐reports of social anxiety and disrupted classroom concentration were solicited then and also 5 months later. Results: Hierarchical multiple regression models indicated that authentic self‐esteem moderated the association between bullying victimization and (i) social anxiety both concurrently and longitudinally and (ii) disrupted classroom concentration longitudinally. The Johnson‐Neyman technique identified where on its scale authentic self‐esteem had its buffering effects, and these were found to be at relatively low or moderate levels. Conclusions: Even moderate levels of authentic self‐esteem can mitigate the association between being bullied and (i) social anxiety and (ii) disrupted classroom concentration. Efforts to monitor and where necessary enhance the authentic self‐esteem of young people are warranted
Distribution of the reef manta ray Mobula alfredi and the oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris in the Philippines: A collaborative effort for conservation
Get PDFThis is the peer reviewed version of the following article: [Rambahiniarison, J., Agustines, A., Alexopoulos, K., Araujo, G., Armstrong, A., Arnold, S., Barruga, A., Cañete, T., Conales, S., Delijero, K., Enolva, N. P., Flam, A. L., Keane, E., Labaja, J., Legaspi, C., Murie, C., Murray, R., Oliver, S. P., Pierce, S. J., Ponzo, A., ... Barr, Y. (2023). Distribution of the reef manta ray Mobula alfredi and the oceanic manta ray Mobula birostris in the Philippines: A collaborative effort for conservation. Journal of Fish Biology, 102(2), 492-503], which has been published in final form at [https://doi.org/10.1111/jfb.15283]. This article may be used for non-commercial purposes in accordance with Wiley Terms and Conditions for Use of Self-Archived Versions. This article may not be enhanced, enriched or otherwise transformed into a derivative work, without express permission from Wiley or by statutory rights under applicable legislation. Copyright notices must not be removed, obscured or modified. The article must be linked to Wiley’s version of record on Wiley Online Library and any embedding, framing or otherwise making available the article or pages thereof by third parties from platforms, services and websites other than Wiley Online Library must be prohibited.Little is known about manta ray population size, structure, and connectivity in the Philippines. In collaboration with dive operators, non-governmental organizations, and authorities, sightings of manta rays were collated into a single national database. Using in-water photographs and videos gathered through citizen science and dedicated research efforts, this study compiled sightings between 2004 and 2020, showing 22 separate sites throughout the archipelago with manta rays present. A total of 392 individual reef manta rays (Mobula alfredi) and 107 oceanic manta rays (Mobula birostris) were identified from the collected footage. Four specific sites in the provinces of Masbate and Palawan together hosted 87% of all identified individuals and accounted for 94% of sightings, highlighting these areas are key aggregation sites. This study also reports movements of M. birostris within the Philippines, based on photo-identification of three individuals moving 150 km between Cebu and Masbate. Despite the growing number of recreational divers in Daanbantayan and San Jacinto, an 80% decline in M. birostris sightings was observed at these sites. To ensure effective future conservation, it is recommended that efforts focus on the identification and protection of manta ray hotspots and migratory corridors, the creation of a sustainable tourism framework, and most importantly, on the implementation of mitigation strategies to reduce fisheries interactions.Large Marine Vertebrates Research Institute Philippines was partially funded by Prince Bernard Foundation, the Shark Conservation Fund, The Rufford Foundation, Fondation Ensemble and PADI Foundation. AOA was partially funded by the ARC-Linkage Grant: LP150100669 Connectivity and movements of large pelagic species of ecotourism value. SJP and CAR were partially funded by Aqua-Firma and Waterlust. The Manta Trust, Philippines Project was funded by the Save Our Seas Foundation. The WWF Philippines Palawan projects were funded by Grieg Foundation and WWF Singapore
New methodology to reduce power by using smart street lighting system
Get PDF© 2022 the author(s), published by De GruyterOne of most important things now is to create smart street and smart lighting system to save enormous electrical energy. Especially Iraq is suffering shortage of electrical energy generation up to 45%. Because of this, Iraq needs to save a lot of electrical energy in the entire country so as to meet the electrical demand and reduce the large amount of CO2 emission. However, this work presents a very unique and economic control lighting system (CLS) for main streets and sidewalks, which can control the lighting system to give sufficient illumination to the drivers and the pedestrians simultaneously. And at the same time, the CLS system can reduce a lot of electrical energy consumption and the CO2 emissions together. However, by using these smart systems with the exciting illumination source in the streets, the CLS can minimize the electrical energy consumed for the lighting at the main roads and the footpath by about 60% and can use the surplus energies to fill the shortage of electricity in the country. Also, this system will increase the lifetime of the lighting system which means further decrease in cost. Finally, this work presents new type of illumination source, high-intensity discharge (HID), which can reduce the electrical consumption much more by up to 90%, when using the CLS with HID
Effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on cardiometabolic disease risk among overweight/obese adult males in United Kingdom- A pilot randomised controlled trial
Get PDFObservational studies suggest links between reduced serum 25(OH)D concentration and increased cardiometabolic disease risk. However, these studies provide limited evidence of causation, with few conclusive randomised controlled trials (RCT) having been carried out to date. This RCT investigated the effect of vitamin D3 supplementation on vascular function and cardiometabolic disease risk markers, in fifty-five healthy males aged 18-65 years with plasma 25(OH)D concentration <75nmol/L and BMI ≥24.9kg/m2.
Method
Participants were assigned to consume 125µg/day (5,000 IU/day) vitamin D3 or placebo for 8-weeks. Blood samples and vascular function measures were obtained at baseline, week 4 and week 8. The primary outcome was arterial stiffness, an indicator of cardiovascular diseases risk (CVD), assessed by pulse wave velocity. Biomarkers of CVD risk, insulin resistance and endothelial function were measured using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay.
Results
Daily oral intake of 125µg supplemental vitamin D3 led to a significant improvement in plasma 25(OH)D concentrations over the 8-week intervention in the vitamin D group compared to the change in the placebo group (P ˂ 0.001). In the vitamin D group the baseline mean (±SD) 25(OH)D concentration was 38.4 ± 15.9 and this increased to 72.8 ± 16.1 nmol/L after 8 weeks of supplementation. The intervention had no effect on arterial stiffness, as measured by pulse wave velocity (PWV) but vitamin D3 supplementation did lead to a decrease in mean (±SD) brachial pulse pressure from baseline to 8 weeks, by − 2.9 ± 3.4 mmHg, (P = 0.027) in the vitamin D group compared to the same period in the placebo group. The intervention had no effect on the remaining cardiometabolic parameters.
Conclusion
Overall, treatment significantly improved brachial pulse pressure but no other cardiometabolic disease risk markers. To follow on from this pilot RCT, future large-scale clinical trials over longer durations may offer further insights.
Clinical trial registration
http://www.clinicaltrials.gov NCT02359214
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