8383 research outputs found
Sort by
Understanding the contribution of intellectual disability nurses: Scoping research. Volume 3 of 3 – Compendium of intellectual disability nursing interventions.
No full textIntroduction
The RCN Foundation commissioned the University of West London and their collaborators to undertake scoping research on understanding the contribution of nurses to improve the health and well-being of children, adults and older people with intellectual disabilities (ID), now and for the future. The overall aim of the research was to identify nursing led and or nursing centred interventions that address the challenging and changing needs of people with ID. This, the ‘Compendium of ID nursing interventions’ provides a catalogue of these interventions. The research project report is in three volumes; Volume 1/3: Scoping literature review report; Volume 2/3: Scoping survey research report; and Volume 3/3: Compendium of intellectual disabilities nursing interventions (this volume).
Methods
In phase 1 of the project, we undertook a scoping literature review using the Joanna Briggs Institute’s (JBI) scoping review protocols. We used the PRISMA-ScR process and JBI guidance to select the literature for review and to present the literature review report (Trico, et al., 2018; Peters, et al., 2017). A mixed methods approach to the review and synthesis was used due to the heterogeneous nature of the evidence. JBI tools were used to pool findings and rate them for quality. Thematic synthesis was used to generate analytical themes. Empirical (quantitative, qualitative, mixed methods) studies, synthesised evidence (literature reviews) and opinion papers, (n = 52) were included in the review (see volume 1 of the report).
In phase 2 of the project, we undertook an online survey to collect quantitative and qualitative data. There were 230 participants from 7 countries. We used thematic, and content analyses to analyse qualitative data. We undertook descriptive and inferential analyses of quantitative data (see volume 2 of the report)
Emerging ID nursing interventions
In total we identified 925 interventions. In phase 1 we identified 154 ID nursing interventions, and in phase 2 we identified 878 interventions. The discrepancy in the total numbers is that interventions which appeared in both phases are only recorded once. In phase 2, these interventions were undertaken in a wide range of settings and across the lifespan. We categorised the interventions into five themes; effectuating nursing procedures, enhancing impact of ID services, enhancing impact of mainstream services, enhancing quality of life, and enhancing ID nursing practice. We have merged the interventions we identified in the literature review and from the table below. We have removed duplicates and merged the evidence sources where appropriate
MicroRNAs as central regulators of adult myogenesis and proteostasis loss in skeletal muscle ageing
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of a book chapter published by CRC Press in [Proteostasis and proteolysis] on [5/11/2021], available online: http://www.crcpress.com/9780367499327Sarcopenia (from the Greek words sarca (σάρκα) = flesh and penia (πενία) = deficiency) is considered as an age-associated disease, characterized by dysregulation of the balance between muscle hypertrophy, atrophy and regeneration, which leads to advanced loss of skeletal muscle mass and function associated with a high risk of falls and fractures in the elderly. Numerous studies in humans and animals have explored the pathophysiology of musculoskeletal aging but the detailed mechanisms that contribute to skeletal muscle dysfunction have not been yet fully elucidated. Recently, several studies have focused on the role of microRNAs as a dynamic and promising epigenetic mechanism which may regulate post-transcriptional gene expression that modulate skeletal muscle homeostasis. In this chapter, we describe the crucial role of microRNAs in skeletal myogenesis during adulthood and their association with the pathogenesis of sarcopenia linked to proteostasis loss
For a Zemiology of Politics
Get PDFDavis, H., & White, H., For a zemiology of politics, Journal of White Collar and Corporate Crime (Journal Volume Number 4 and Issue Number 2) pp. 88-89. Copyright © [2022] (The Authors). Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.A zemiology of politics is required in the face of disastrous historic, contemporary and future social harms. Focusing on state-led politics, the article charts some politically generated or mediated social harms: military; ecological and economic. These can generate justificatory narratives of zemiogenic deceit and ignorance. In a contemporary political moment of authoritarian populism, nativism and racism, each feature as part of wider processes towards the corruption and destruction of politics. The article then suggests some of the potentials of healthy politics and fundamental principles for a zemiology of politics including: subordination of crime-centric criminology to a historically grounded international zemiology, the incorporation of agnotological perspectives, and an orientation that is public, inclusive, reflexive and non-fundamentalist
Navigating the Digital World: Teaching Contemporary Chinese Culture via a Third Space With a Multimodal Approach
Get PDFThis study explores a multimodal approach to teaching Contemporary Chinese Culture to foster university students’ intercultural awareness and intercultural communication competence via a third space. Two universities in the UK took part in the study where the course contents moved from static notions of culture-as-fact in terms of national traditions to digital presentation of and live discussion about contemporary China. The pedagogy includes discussing Chinese celebrities’ digital videos and films on digital platforms, and students’ digital presentations in multimodal modes. Findings from students’ comments in the module evaluations, students’ reflective essays, and lecturers’ observations prove the viability of this approach and the data analyzed via themes address the function of the third space, the application of multimodality, and approaches to intercultural awareness and intercultural communication competence. The paper suggests that multimodality can be an effective approach to advancing theory and practice in future contemporary culture teaching and research in other higher education contexts
Global prevalence of adaptive and prolonged infections’ muta-tions in the receptor-binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein
Get PDFSeveral vaccines with varying efficacies have been developed and are currently administered globally to minimize the spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Despite having an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase with a proofreading activity, new variants of SARS-CoV-2 are on the rise periodically. Some of the mutations in these variants, especially mutations on the spike protein, aids the virus in transmission, infectivity and host immune evasion. Further, these mutations also reduce the effectiveness of some of the current vaccines and monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). In the present study, using the available 984,769 SARS-CoV-2 nucleotide sequences on the NCBI database from the end of 2019 till 28 July 2021, we have estimated the global prevalence of so-called ‘adaptive mutations’ and ‘mutations identified in the prolonged infections’, in the receptor-binding domain (RBD) of the spike (S) protein. Irrespective of the geographical regions, in the case of the adaptive mutations, N501Y (48.38 %) was found to be the dominant mutation followed by L452R (17.52 %), T478K (14.31 %), E484K (4.69 %), S477N (3.29 %), K417T (1.64 %), N439K (0.7 %) and S494P (0.7 %). Other mutations were found to be less prevalent (less than 0.7 %). Since the last two months, there has been a massive increase of L452R and T478K mutations (delta variant) in certain areas. In the case of prolonged infections’ mutations (long-term SARS-CoV-2 infections), V483A (0.009 %) was found to be dominant followed by Q493R (0.009 %), while other mutations were found in less than 0.007 % of the studied sequences. The data obtained in this study will aid in the development of better infection control policies thereby curbing the spread of this virus
Qualifying work experience in England & Wales: the opportunities and risks presented to university law clinics
Get PDFTodd, A., & Blackburn, L., Qualifying work experience in England and Wales: The opportunities and risks presented to University Law Clinics, Asian Journal of Legal Education (Journal Volume Number 10 and Issue Number 1) pp. 101–110. Copyright © [2022] (The West Bengal National University of Juridical Sciences). Reprinted by permission of SAGE Publications.This commentary details the sweeping changes to the route to qualification as a solicitor in England and Wales brought about in September 2021, and considers the opportunities and risks presented to university law school clinics by one aspect of this route: the new system of Qualifying Work Experience (QWE). The article reflects on the opportunities for law clinic development, innovation and recognition offered by QWE and weighs these up against the potential risks that will need to be managed carefully to avoid them becoming a threat to law clinic enhancement. The article considers the results of an early data gathering exercise to garner clinician and student volunteer perspectives on QWE within its first year of operation
Lesson Study in Physical Education: A collaborative and contextualised approach to Initial Teacher Training
Get PDFThis is an Accepted Manuscript of an article published by Taylor & Francis in Sport, Education and Society on 17/12/2022, available online: https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2022.2155128Lesson study is a collaborative and contextualised approach to professional learning that involves small groups of teachers working together to design and reflect on the teaching of a research lesson. Although it is a well-established approach to professional learning in classroom-based subjects, research on its effectiveness within physical education (PE) initial teacher training (ITT) and in the general practice of PE teachers is scarce. This study examines the views of 18 secondary PE associate teachers (ATs) who completed a lesson study cycle as part of their one-year postgraduate ITT programme. A questionnaire and semi-structured interviews - conducted at the end of the lesson study and six months later at the end of the programme - were used to generate data. Thematic analysis was then used to interrogate the data and identify patterns of response. The findings revealed that the ATs benefitted from the experience in similar ways to established teachers. They developed their understanding of lesson research and engaged in elevated levels of critical reflection that helped to change and develop their approaches to teaching and learning. Moreover, the ATs recognised that their learning was enhanced when they could rehearse the phases of the cycle before starting the lesson study in their placement school. They also understood the value of a mentor who could support their progress and ensure their full engagement in all phases of the lesson study cycle. These findings have implications for providers of ITT as the considered inclusion of lesson study contributed to the immediate aim of developing ATs’ teaching competencies while also promoting the skills needed for them to manage their own ongoing learning as fully qualified teachers
The impact of pharmacokinetic-guided prophylaxis on clinical outcomes and healthcare resource utilization in Hemophilia A patients: Real-world evidence from the CHESS II study
Get PDFBackground: Using a pharmacokinetic (PK)-guided approach to personalize the dose and frequency of prophylactic treatment can help achieve and maintain targeted factor VIII (FVIII) trough levels in patients with hemophilia A.
Objective: Investigate clinical and healthcare resource use outcomes in patients with hemophilia A treated with or without PK-guided prophylaxis using data from the Cost of Haemophilia in Europe: A Socioeconomic Survey (CHESS) II database.
Methods: CHESS II was a cross-sectional, retrospective, burden-of-illness study incorporating data from eight European countries. Patients were eligible for this analysis if they were male, ≥18 years of age, and diagnosed with congenital hemophilia A of any severity. The clinical endpoints included annualized bleeding rate (ABR), presence and number of problem/target joints, and occurrence of joint surgeries. Healthcare resource utilization endpoints included the number of hematologist consultations and bleed-related hospitalizations or emergency department admissions. Data from November 2018 to October 2020 were included and were stratified according to treatment regimen and use of PK-guided dosing.
Results: Altogether, 281 patients on prophylaxis had available FVIII trough level data. Mean (SD) age was 35.7 (13.8) years. A specific FVIII trough level was targeted in 120 (42.7%) patients and 47 (39.2%) received PK-guided dosing. Patients receiving PK-guided dosing had a mean (SD) ABR of 2.8 (2.1) and target joint number of 0.5 (0.7), compared with 3.9 (2.7) and 0.9 (1.4), respectively, for patients receiving non-PK-guided treatment. The mean (SD) number of hematologist consultations was 7.1 (5.3) for patients receiving PK-guided dosing versus 10.7 (5.7) for those who were not. A higher proportion of patients in the non-PK-guided group required hospitalization during their lifetime compared with the PK-guided group.ConclusionThis analysis of real-world data suggests that PK-guided dosing for prophylaxis has a beneficial impact on clinical and healthcare resource utilization outcomes in patients with hemophilia A
The kidney matrisome in health, aging and disease
Get PDFDysregulated extracellular matrix is the hallmark of fibrosis, and it has a profound impact on kidney function in disease. Furthermore, perturbation of matrix homeostasis is a feature of aging and is associated with declining kidney function. Understanding these dynamic processes, in the hope of developing therapies to combat matrix dysregulation, requires the
integration of data acquired by both well-established and novel technologies. Owing to its complexity, the extracellular proteome, or matrisome, still holds many secrets and has great potential for the identification of clinical biomarkers and drug targets. The molecular resolution of matrix composition during aging and disease has been illuminated by cutting-edge mass
spectrometry-based proteomics in recent years, but there remain key questions about the mechanisms that drive altered matrix composition. Basement membrane components are particularly important in the context of kidney function; and data from proteomic studies suggest that switches between basement membrane and interstitial matrix proteins are likely to contribute to organ dysfunction during aging and disease. Understanding the impact of such changes on physical properties of the matrix, and the subsequent cellular response to altered stiffness and viscoelasticity, is of critical importance. Likewise, the comparison of proteomic datasets from multiple organs is required to identify common matrix biomarkers and shared pathways for therapeutic intervention. Coupled with single cell transcriptomics there is the potential to identify the cellular origin of matrix changes, which could enable cell targeted therapy. This review provides a contemporary perspective of the complex kidney matrisome and draws comparison to altered matrix in heart and liver disease
Lrig2 and Hpse2, mutated in urofacial syndrome, pattern nerves in the urinary bladder
Get PDFMutations in leucine-rich-repeats and immunoglobulin-like-domains 2 (LRIG2) or in heparanase 2 (HPSE2) cause urofacial syndrome, a devastating autosomal recessive disease of functional bladder outlet obstruction. It has been speculated that urofacial syndrome has a neural basis, but it is unknown whether defects in urinary bladder innervation are present. We hypothesized that urofacial syndrome features a peripheral neuropathy of the bladder. Mice with homozygous targeted Lrig2 mutations had urinary defects resembling those found in urofacial syndrome. There was no anatomical blockage of the outflow tract, consistent with a functional bladder outlet obstruction. Transcriptome analysis revealed differential expression of 12 known transcripts in addition to Lrig2, including 8 with established roles in neurobiology. Mice with homozygous mutations in either Lrig2 or Hpse2 had increased nerve density within the body of the urinary bladder and decreased nerve density around the urinary outflow tract. In a sample of 155 children with chronic kidney disease and urinary symptoms, we discovered novel homozygous missense LRIG2 variants that were predicted to be pathogenic in 2 individuals with non-syndromic bladder outlet obstruction. These observations provide evidence that a peripheral neuropathy is central to the pathobiology of functional bladder outlet obstruction in urofacial syndrome, and emphasize the importance of LRIG2 and heparanase 2 for nerve patterning in the urinary tract
Data sources:
Access Repository Dashboard
Do you manage ChesterRep? Access insider analytics, issue reports and manage access to outputs from your repository in the CORE Repository Dashboard!