Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Knowing when to stop: neural mechanisms of information sampling in best-choice problems
No full textThe study investigates the neural mechanisms and behavioural aspects of optimal-stopping problems using an economic best-choice task, EEG and Bayesian modellin
Longitudinal Change in the Engagement of Adaptive and Maladaptive Risk-Taking: Associations with Risk-Related Factors in Adolescence
No full textAdolescence has been associated with a heightened reward sensitivity but also with increasing capabilities for goal-directed and flexible behavior. While a growing literature suggests adolescents’ tendency for new and risky situations to not only be maladaptive, little is known about predictors of developmental changes in the engagement in maladaptive and adaptive risk activities across adolescence. Given that a key explanation of risk-taking in adolescence is a developmental mismatch between reward sensitivity and cognitive control, the present study endeavors to address how reward sensitivity and cognitive control account for changes in the engagement in adaptive and maladaptive risk behaviors across adolescence, measured at T1 and T2 with a two year time-interval. To this end, we will examine the rate of change, variance in change, and the relation between reward sensitivity and cognitive control in predicting the development in adaptive and maladaptive risk behavior during adolescence using structural equation modeling (SEM)
Italian validation of the BESSI
No full textThis study is designed to examine the basic measurement properties of the Italian version of the Behavioral, Emotional, and Social Skills Inventory (BESSI, Soto et al., 2021). The study also aims at expanding the nomological network of BES skills by studying their association with self-efficacy, emotion regulation abilities, and procrastination tendency
Mystical-type experiences predicting improvements in well-being or mental health after psychedelic use - A comprehensive review of the evidence
No full textThis is a comprehensive review, based on a systematic search, of the published evidence on acute mystical-type experiences under the influence of psychedelics predicting improvements in well-being or mental health after psychedelic use. The review includes all studies on humans ingesting classic serotonergic psychedelics that report findings on a) a measure of acute mystical-type, transcendent, dissolutive, boundless, unitive, or spiritual experience, b) a measure of positive changes in wellbeing or mental health, and c) an analysis of the association between the two. Open-label and controlled trials with both patients and healthy volunteers are included, as are observational, naturalistic, and survey studies
A Multiplatform Evaluation of Counter-Radicalization Messages in Bangladesh (Survey)
No full textThis pre-registration specifies a complementary survey to the Facebook project component and analyses submitted in our previous pre-registration (10.17605/OSF.IO/HJB56).
This study compared the effects of three videos designed by the International Republican Institute (IRI) to reduce support for the Islamic State (IS), Hefazat-e-Islam Bangladesh (“Hefazat”), and Jamaatul Mujahideen Bangladesh (JMB), a local Islamic terrorist group in Bangladesh. These countering violent extremism (CVE) videos took three forms: one emphasized communal harmony, a second imparted a religious message discouraging extremist violence, and a third emphasized the costs of terrorism.
Gauged by the engagement rate (measured as the aggregate number of link clicks, comments, shares, reactions/likes, and video plays standardized by number of ad impressions) each ad received, we found that the communal appeals video elicited the highest response rate, while the “costs of terrorism message” received the next highest engagement and the religious message received the lowest.
This complementary survey allows us to probe mechanisms behind our high-level results, assess whether the engagement differences we found extend to additional outcomes, and explore heterogeneous effects not possible in the Facebook context
Tone-consonant Co-occurrence Probability in Mandarin
No full textThis study aims to investigate how statistical regularity concerning the distribution of lexical tones and consonantal onsets in Mandarin, formulated as the “tone-consonant cooccurrence probability (TCCP)” here, influences results of wordlikeness judgment task. Native speakers will be asked to rate the wordlikeness of monosyllabic real words and pseudowords with existing segmental combinations
"Shadow Topics" in International Affairs
No full textThe project involves plans to survey approximately 5,000 U.S residents. The planned survey consists of one survey experiment in addition to a series of questions generating observational data. Before describing the hypotheses and responding to other questions in the pre-registration, we first describe our work on "shadow topics", which will assist readers in understanding our question responses throughout this pre-registration.
The research team is engaged in an extensive study of "shadow topics". These are broadly defined as international issues that involve significant cost (human, environmental, etc.) or benefit – or that foreign affairs professionals otherwise deem highly important – but that have, for one reason or another, tended to receive minimal attention amongst major news media outlets.
The task of identifying such topics is complicated by an unknown-unknowns dynamic insomuch as we seek to identify those issues that are, by definition, largely unreported (by the major news media, at least). To identify such topics, we are presently engaged in semi-structured interviews with current/former professionals from across the United Nations system; many major international non-governmental organizations; foreign affairs think tanks; major philanthropic organizations, amongst other organizations.
We have completed approximate 125 interviews as of the date of this submission, and interviewees have highlighted a variety of "shadow topics". Examples include: the consequences of "period poverty"; patterns of elderly abuse around the world; the environmental consequences of bottom trawling; the harmful effects of in-door cooking with biofuels; the loss of indigenous languages; and the costs of lack of road signs/signals, to name just some.
In this project, we explore whether news article previews (designed to mirror article previews displayed on major news media websites) on "shadow topics" can be framed in a manner that increases the likelihood of readers engaging with them
Online processing of specific singular they
No full textAlthough the use of singular they to refer to a specific person (e.g., Alex raised their hand) is becoming more common and the proportion of people who consider it grammatical is increasing, little is known about the online comprehension processes involved. This experiment uses the visual world paradigm to test how listeners process specific singular they, comparing it to the processing of he and she and to offline judgments about singular they
Wirkung einer digitalen ernährungstechnischen Präventionsapp
No full textDie Studie soll den gesundheitlichen Nutzen der Präventionsapp myFoodDoctor belegen. Übergewichtige, die die App und das "Iss dich schlank und gesund mit Dr. Riedl"-Angebot in der myFoodDoctor-App nutzen, sollen ihr Gewicht und ihren Bauchumfang reduzieren bzw. stabilisieren und so die Entwicklung einer Adipositas verhindern. Um einen Unterschied feststellen zu können, werden das Gewicht, der Bauchumfang und der BMI als primäre Endpunkte festgelegt. Als sekundäre Endpunkte dienen die Fettmasse, Skelettmuskelmasse und der Körperwasseranteil. Diese Endpunkte werden zu drei Zeitpunkten erhoben: zu Beginn der Studie, nach drei Monaten und abschließend nach sechs Monaten. Die Ernährungsgewohnheiten der Proband*innen werden zu Beginn der Studie und nach sechs Monaten über einen Verzehrsfragebogen festgehalten. Nach Abschluss der Studie werden die Werte der jeweiligen Messzeitpunkte verglichen und statistisch ausgewertet. Somit handelt es sich um eine Beobachtungsstudie im Eingruppen-Prä-Post-Design