Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Day-to-day emotional and behavioral correlates of self-injurious thoughts and behaviors in a transdiagnostic sample of females with past-month suicidal thoughts: what is the relative contribution of the menstrual cycle?
No full textSuicide is a leading cause of death among Americans (Mars et al., 2019), and thus represents a growing public health crisis. Generally, suicide prevention efforts to date have been hindered by their focus on time-invariant, trait-level risk factors and failure to consider time-varying changes in imminent risk for suicide (Franklin et al., 2017).
There is accumulating evidence that ovarian hormone fluctuations modulate imminent suicide risk for many females. Cross-sectional studies suggest that suicide attempts and deaths by suicide are most likely to occur during the premenstrual and menstrual weeks of the menstrual cycle compared to other phases (Owens & Eisenlohr-Moul, 2018; Saunders & Hawton, 2006). Among studies demonstrating temporal associations between suicide risk and menstrual cycle phase, findings are largely cross-sectional in nature (Owens & Eisenlohr-Moul, 2018; Saunders & Hawton, 2006). Moreover, prior work has yet to clarify the psychosocial mechanisms by which the perimenstrual cycle phases are most likely to increase vulnerability to suicidality.
Using intensive longitudinal methods, the current work aims to elucidate (1) the daily factors that correlate most strongly with fluctuations in suicidal ideation intensity among reproductive-age females, and (2) which daily emotions, behaviors, and events that covary with cyclical changes in suicidal ideation intensity among patients who show a cyclical sensitivity to hormone changes
Foreign Public Opinion Toward Hate Crime in the U.S.
No full textBy conducting a large-scale original survey experiment across 11 developing and developed countries, we investigate whether and how a hate crime against Asians in the U.S. affects the image of the U.S
Social-Class Inequality in Digital, Cultural Equipment and Practices for Children’s Homework Monitoring
No full textThis study focuses on the role of digital technology in the creation of educational disparities in relation to the families' social class
Loopholes: Intuitive understanding of goals and value alignment
No full textThis project examines US adults’ experience with loophole behavior. By loophole behavior, we mean acting on a possible (but unintended) interpretation of another person's request or command (e.g., roommate A asks roommate B if they can take out the trash, and roommate B takes the bag out of the trash can and sets it outside the front door rather than bringing it to the dumpster)
The Relationships Among Perinatal Developmental Programming, Neurodevelopment & Achievement in Reading & Mathematics
No full textIn the proposed systematic review, we seek to identify, compile, examine, and synthesize the findings of quantitative and mixed methods research in which both brain imaging techniques and assessments of achievement have been used to evaluate and understand the relationships among developmental programming , neurodevelopment and achievement in reading and mathematics. The principal aims of the present review are to provide an accurate, concise, and accessible overview of the major findings of literature in the field and at the same time address the following research questions:
(1) What is the current state of the evidence concerning the relationships among developmental programming, neurodevelopment and achievement in reading and mathematics?
(2) What trends can be observed in the extant literature?
(3) What gaps exist in the in the extant literature?
(4) What are appropriate directions for future research
Within-person associations between psychological and contextual factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity: A systematic review and meta-analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment studies
No full textWe aim to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of Ecological Momentary Assessment studies to examine within-person associations between psychological and contextual factors and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity
A Pupillometric Approach to Object Representation in Infancy
No full textThe current project aims to investigate the pupil dilation response in infants as a measure of cognitive effort and surprise upon unexpected object disappearance. Previous research on object permanence in infancy has yielded inconsistent findings across and within different methods, especially with regards to age of emergence. Classic behavioral studies with active search paradigms have reported object permanence at around 8-10 months of age, though these paradigms also impose higher task demands in the domains of motor and executive functioning (Diamond, 1990; Wellman, Cross & Bartsch, 1986; Munakata, 1997). However, when measured on looking times, infants seem to successfully represent occluded objects from 3.5 months on (Baillargeon, 1987; Baillargeon, Spelke & Wasserman, 1985). To date, few studies have explored object permanence in pupillometric settings. Their findings conclude that 10-month-old infants do not spontaneously represent occluded objects, while 18-month-olds do (Sirois & Jackson, 2012; Pätzold & Liszkowski, 2020). Given these findings, we seek to establish the pupil dilation response following unexpected object disappearance in a sample of 12-month-old infants
Category-Level vs. Item-Level Control
No full textControl settings might be triggered by different associations that people create between the history of conflict and the feature signaling this conflict such as item-control and category-control associations. Bugg & Dey (2018) examined the competition between item-control and category-control associations. They observed the dominance of category-level control over item-level control in the picture-word Stroop task.
In the current study, we aim to further investigate the rivalry between category-level and item-level control. We tried to encourage the use of item-control associations by individually manipulating the proportion congruence (PC) of the exemplars within the same category. We used four different animal categories: bird, cat, dog, and fish. Each category had two different exemplars with different PCs. One exemplar within the MC category is 7% congruent, while the other exemplar is 68% congruent. One exemplar within the MI category is 32% congruent, while the other exemplar is 93% congruent. Thus, these exemplars signal different control settings at the item-level but signal the same control setting at the category-level. In addition, we manipulated the category-level PC by presenting birds and cats as mostly congruent (MC, 37.5% congruent), and dogs and fish as mostly incongruent (MI, 62.5% congruent). By testing the PC effect (i.e., the difference between Stroop effects) across item levels and across category levels, we will explore the implementation of item-level and category-level control independently. If people implement item-level control, the Stroop effect observed with two different exemplars within the same category should be different. If people implement category-level control, the Stroop effect observed in different categories should be different
Weather Experiences, Climate Information, and Climate Opinions
No full textWe study how personal weather experiences in combination with information on the link between weather extremes and climate change influences climate opinions. Our study is conducted in Denmark relying a online survey experiment (target N = 3,000).
We randomly assign participants to two experimental factors. First, participants are either exposed to a series of questions probing a recall of the exceptionally hot and dry Danish summer of 2018 or a control condition of no information and questions. Next, participants are randomly assigned to one of three conditions: (1) an information treatment linking extreme weather and climate change, (2) an information treatment linking extreme weather and climate change plus additional personalized information on potential health-related consequences of ciimate change, or (3) a control condition with no information.
We also link objective data on temperatures in the participants' local area to the survey data to analyze how the information treatment about the link between weather and climate change moderates the effect of local temperature experiences
Creativity as rule-violation (free choice)
No full textWe investigate whether creative behavior induces similar cognitive conflict like a traditional rule violation