Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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Delay Discounting Chronic Pain
No full textThe proposed project replicates and extends prior research in pain patients (Tompkins et al., 2016) to examine: (a) whether delay discounting differs among individuals with and without chronic pain, and (b) whether individuals with chronic pain discount some outcomes (e.g., pain) more strongly than others (e.g., moentary). This research will help to elucidate DD as a potential risk factor for poor chronic pain and provide a foundation for future, evidence-based interventions to help those with chronic pain lead more adaptive and functional lives
The Centre for Transforming Access and Student Outcomes (TASO) – University of Kent – Differences-in-differences analysis of the ‘Diversity Mark’ initiative
No full textThis project aims to develop our understanding of whether curricula reform can help close race equality gaps in student outcomes by evaluating the impact of the University of Kent’s ‘Diversity Mark’ initiative. The Diversity Mark is awarded to course convenors who undergo a process of review and reflection with their students to ensure that they have considered authors and perspectives from diverse racial backgrounds within their discipline. Five modules within the Social Policy, Sociology and Social Research faculty were deemed to have diversified their curricula in 2018-19 and are included as treatment modules in this study. Analysis will take the form of a matched difference-in-differences on the attainment trend of the diversified modules with five selected comparator modules in the same faculty
Too Important to Ignore? When Voters Seek Clarity About Politicians' Policy Positions
No full textWhen do voters punish politicians who are unclear about their policy positions? I argue that we should focus on the issue a politician is ambiguous on: as the salience of an issue increases for voters, they demand more clarity on that issue and disapprove of politicians who are ambiguous. I test this argument using an original survey experiment run with 2000 Dutch respondents that combines Quadratic Voting measuring salience with a Conjoint that captures how voters rank parties which are ambiguous. This PAP is for a pilot for this stud
The Role of Death Anxiety in Complying With Governmental COVID-19 Measures
No full textCOVID-19 pandemic has affected many areas of life tremendously. However, at the same time, it has brought opportunities to study important questions that would not be able to be typically investigated in “regular” settings. In a sense, COVID-19 pandemic offers a quasi-experimental setting to investigate important questions. Researchers took this opportunity and conducted studies on various fields ranging from telecommuting (Bakaç et al., 2020) to changes in sexuality and relationship quality (Panzeri et al., 2020).
To prevent the spread of the virus, governments across globe have adopted various measures [“corona restrictions”] and asked individuals to comply with such measures. Some of these restrictions have gone so far so that they may have violated basic human rights. Hence, the question arises why individuals comply with the restrictions. Based on our reading of the literature, we assume that fear of death and, subsequently, fear of the coronavirus might be among the reasons for compliance. We thus intend to investigate the relationship between fear of death and fear of the coronavirus and compliance with and acceptance of governmental regulations. In the subsequent sections of this pre-registration, we use the term “corona restrictions” wherever we refer to the measures suggested by the government and the City of New York to prevent the spread of the coronavirus
The role of placebo-expectancies in approach-avoidance training effects on Implicit Racial Prejudice
No full textProject Implicit Experiment testing a placebo-expectancy and associative account of approach-avoidance training effects on IAT score
Pre-registration
No full textUntil human infants are 4 or 5 months old, they are unable to reach for and grasp objects. But does this mean that young infants do not understand the reaching actions of other people? Over the past two decades, research on this topic has produced two seemingly contradictory findings. The first finding is that first-person experience with reaching via, ‘sticky mittens’ training, helps 3-month-olds to understand that people reach efficiently (Skerry et al., 2013) towards particular goal objects (Sommerville et al., 2005; Gerson & Woodward, 2014a, 2014b). The second finding is that 3-month-olds, under some conditions, are capable of understanding other people’s goals and costs without training (Liu et al., 2019; Luo, 2011; Choi et al., 2018; Choi et al., unpublished; Woo et al., unpublished). Here, I propose a unifying account of these findings: 3-month-old infants have the conceptual repertoire to appreciate other people’s goals and costs, and action training is one of many experimental regimes that help reveal what 3-month-olds know about action. Here, I review this past work, and also provide a quantitative analysis of the original data from this work, collected from 586 three-month-old infants. Using these data sources, I evaluate the hypothesis that 3-month-olds’ understanding of other people’s actions varies in accordance of the perceptual and representational demands of the tasks used to test their abilities, rather than hinging upon their first-person motor experience per se. I end by proposing an account of how young infants learn about other people’s minds and actions, and suggest key future studies that can test this account empirically. At present, I envision this paper as a review paper including a quantitative analysis of past data. This pre-registration document outlines the analysis plan for the quantitative portion of this paper
Specificity of fear of crime (Study 1)
No full textFear of crime, i.e., the fear of becoming a victim of crime, takes into account not only the emotional aspect of fear of criminal threat, but also the assessment of the risk of becoming a victim and measures to avoid or avert danger (Gabriel & Greve, 2003; Jackson & Gray, 2010; Kappes et al., 2013; May et al., 2010). In accord with Spielberger (1972), a distinction is made between situational and dispositional fear of crime. Situational fear refers to how intensely fear is felt in a potentially threatening situation, whereas dispositional fear expresses how likely a person is to perceive a situation as potentially threatening and respond accordingly. Mostly dispositional fear is measured in studies, usually by asking about the frequency or intensity of experiencing fear or worry in relation to various offenses in the past 12 months and estimating the likelihood of victimization by such offenses.
Although fear of crime has been a subject of research for several decades, especially in criminological research, there is still disagreement about what is meant by this construct (Borg et al., 2020; Valente et al., 2020). For example, it is discussed to what extent fear of crime is a specific reaction to perceived crime risks or, in the sense of the generalization thesis, an expression of societal and existential fears due to societal transformation processes and associated insecurity, which only find symbolic expression in fear of crime (Hirtenlehner, 2006; Hirtenlehner et al., 2018; Hohage, 2004; Lee, 2001). Another approach focuses on fear of crime being an expression of a generalized anxiety disorder (Ellis & Renouf, 2018; Reid et al., 2020), with fear of the unknown as underlying factor (Carleton, 2016).
The proposed study is based on an emotion psychological understanding of fear of crime as an emotional response to a specific perceived threat and related coping processes (Bals, 2004; Gabriel & Greve, 2003). Two questions are examined:
1. How specific is fear of crime as distinguished from a general fear of the unknown?
2. To what extent can the associations between fear of crime and societal and existential fears found for the generalization thesis be attributed to the use of dispositional measures as opposed to situational measures, given that dispositional ones are less temporally and situationally specific and thus may provide a stronger projection surface for other fears
Mobile health technologies for immunosuppressive treatment adherence in solid organ transplantation recipients: a systematic review
No full textSystematic review to find the effectiveness of mobile technologies in health for adherence to immunosuppressive treatment in solid organs recipients
ADHD and disordered eating
No full textMediators in the relationship between ADHD and disordered eating. [with corrections