Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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The Academic Career Trajectory of Marginalised Groups in STEM: A Meta-Analytic Investigation
No full textThe aim of this research is to address the lack of diversity in academia of senior leadership roles. Evidence shows that in academia, as the level of seniority increases, the proportion of academics from marginalised groups such as women and minority ethnic people declines (Cooper, 2019; Joice and Tetlow, 2020). STEM is particularly poor for gender diversity (What areas do they work in? | HESA, 2021) and reports indicate that disabled and minority ethnic students drop out of Psychology doctoral programmes at higher rates than abled and white students (Callahan et al., 2018). Furthermore, evidence suggests that there may be a similar effect for LGBTQIA+ individuals (Cech and Waidzunas, 2021), although statistics for this are poorly documented. This effect indicates that in STEM, members of these communities leave academia at higher rates than others, or are promoted less quickly (Cooper, 2019).
Hostile work environments in academia may result in people from these demographics migrating to sectors with more favourable conditions (Etzkowitz and Ranga, 2011). Some of the factors which have been investigated as contributors to this include sexual harassment, social exclusion, gender bias in peer-review and grant funding, gendered separation of scientific fields, devaluation of expertise, lack of opportunities, poor work-life balance, and unequal division of labour (Casad et al., 2021; Cech and Waidzunas, 2021; Etzkowitz and Ranga, 2011; Vasic and de Sousa e Faro, 2021). Additionally, lack of networks and opportunities, stereotyping and lack of confidence are all factors which have been used to explain the limited career advancement of people from these communities (Casad et al., 2021; Etzkowitz and Ranga, 2011; Kent, John and Robnett, 2020). Those with disabilities may face additional barriers where universities fail to provide necessary accommodations (Booksh and Madsen, 2018).
It is important to now consolidate the research investigating this phenomenon, whilst also aiming to quantify the magnitude of moderating effects of experiences in STEM. This research will analyse the range of currently available data that investigates how gender, ethnicity, sexuality and disability and neurodiversity relate to career progression and leaving intention, as well as investigating factors which affect that relationship. The results of this research will provide the best estimate of the effects of these factors on career progression and leaving intention based on this available research, as well as a hierarchy of which factors have the largest effect on those effects. Investigating which factors are the most significant for the career progression of academics from marginalised groups will aid the prioritisation of resources in further efforts to address this issue.
Research Questions
1. In STEM fields of academia, what is the rate of career progression for people from marginalised gender, sexual orientation and ethnic groups and disabled and neurodiverse people?
2. In these populations, what are the most significant factors associated with the career progression
Barriers and facilitators to the professional integration of internationally qualified nurses in Australia: a mixed methods systematic review protocol
No full textThis systematic review will explore barriers and facilitators to the professional integration of internationally qualified nurses in Australia
Online Survey Quality Study 2
No full textThis research expands on our previous study, study 1 (also pre-registered), and considers the relation between the design and distribution of online surveys and data quality. In the present study, study 2, we attempt to both replicate and expand on manipulations related to technical survey quality based on survey design characteristics such as text effects, spacing, and item formatting
Effect of geometric complexity on intuitive model selection - Maximum likelihood task
No full textA psychophysics study of intuitive model selection. This is a follow-up experiment to https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/2X9H6, testing subject behavior in a context where possessing a simplicity bias is unnecessary
Attention allocation in musical interaction
No full textMusical interaction requires simultaneous attention to one’s own actions, the partner’s actions, as well as the relationship between the two (i.e., the joint performance sound). However, it has been shown that our ability to divide attention between several sensory streams of the same modality (Cherry 1953; Neisser & Becklen, 1975), requiring the same processing mechanisms (Hirst and Kalmar 1987), is very limited. Studies on the perception of polyphonic music suggested that this problem is solved by mechanisms similar to auditory scene analysis in cocktail party situations (Simon 2015), i.e., by temporarily prioritizing important parts, while merging all the remaining parts into a ‘background’ channel demanding less attention (Sloboda and Edworthy 1981; Bigand et al. 2000). This attention allocation mode mitigates the necessity to divide attention and track multiple parts with equal focus. A related idea has been proposed for attention allocation during musical interaction by the Prioritized Integrative Attending theory (PIA; Keller 2001, 2008). This theory posits that during musical interaction, players typically attend their own actions with high priority, others’ actions with lower priority, while monitoring the overall integrated ensemble sound. A self-report survey study of actively performing ensemble musicians suggests that this pattern of attending can change depending on various interaction parameters such as the temporal compatibility of the partner’s play or familiarity with the partner’s part (Keller 2001). However, up until today, the way prioritized attending is modulated by these interaction parameters during musical interaction has not been empirically tested.
Attention to concurrent auditory information has been previously identified with neural tracking approaches. Neural tracking reveals the degree to which the neural signal reflects the properties of a perceived sensory signal and typically shows higher values for attended than unattended sensory streams in both speech and music domains (Mesgarani and Chang 2012; Zion Golumbic et al. 2013; Cantisani et al. 2019; Obleser and Kayser 2019; Belo et al. 2021). Using this approach, a recent study by Varlet et al. (2020) provided initial evidence for prioritized attending during coordinated movements, although not during musical interaction. In this study, the authors investigated the neural tracking of sensory signals produced by interacting individuals. Their results showed that the neural tracking of one’s own and other’s action outcomes during synchronous interaction can indeed be modulated by changing interaction parameters – here the assignment of leader and follower roles – and that neural tracking strength is related to the strength of behavioural synchrony. This suggests that different leadership roles may modulate the degree to which people prioritize attending to their own or the other’s action outcomes. Furthermore, our previous study (Gugnowska et al., 2022) suggested that other interaction parameters - temporal asynchronies between partners and unfamiliarity with the partner’s part - may enhance joint attention towards the partner’s action outcomes, which was reflected in increased interbrain synchrony between partners in these conditions. The current study aims to follow up on these results (i) by investigating changes in the neural tracking of self and other related auditory action outcomes depending on performance synchrony and familiarity with the partner’s part, and (ii) by investigating the contribution of that neural tracking to behavioural synchrony
Do romantic relationship expectations and goals differ across cultures? An exploratory study.
No full textLittle is known about romantic relationships in non-Western cultures. The current project will therefore study romantic relationships across cultures. Specifically, we aim to explore relationship expectations of female students in Western and non-Western cultures starting with investigating the importance of different relationship aspects in different cultures. Moreover, it has been argued that couples in the US and Western society more broadly, nowadays hold relationship expectations that are unrealistic and difficult to attain. However, it is unknown whether this also applies to couples in other cultures. This study will therefore investigate differences in attainability of relationship expectations across cultures. Moreover, we will explore whether relationship expectations affect relationship outcomes across cultures. Female students from countries all over the world who are currently in a relationship will be recruited and asked to fill in an online questionnaire. Participants will respond to questions on the importance of various relationship expectations, the attainability of these expectations, and the extent to which these expectations are met within their current relationships. Moreover, relationship satisfaction will be measured
Possible Role of the One-Half Heuristic in Overconfidence Research
No full textIn overconfidence research, experimenters often ask participants to estimate how they perform in a task. Because the task typically has a maximum of points one can reach, it would make sense for participants to guess one-half of the maximum. This approach would minimize the potential estimation error with minimal mental effort. We hypothesize that without monetary incentives for correct estimates, participants will use one-half heuristic. With monetary incentives, participants will engage in calculus to arrive at payoff-maximizing estimates. The one-half heuristic would be a methodological blow for the overconfidence research; as most research does not incentivize correct estimates, the setup of the average score would yield overconfidence/underconfidence depending on whether the one-half is greater/smaller than the average
I-Contact
No full textThe primary purpose of this research is to develop a measure to capture a sense of psychological attunement during sex, which we call sexual I-Sharing. We also explore the role of SI-S in fostering shared reality in romantic relationships
Standing Strong Together: PTSD and Romantic Relationships
No full textPosttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with impairments in relationship functioning. However, interactions within romantic relationships could also positively affect the recovery of posttraumatic stress symptoms. Therefore, in this present project, data is collected on the patient’s recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms and the dyad’s self-reported partner responsiveness, relationship satisfaction, coping and attachment.
The first study will investigate the relationships between posttraumatic stress symptoms, partner responsiveness and relationship satisfaction, by comparing main effect, buffering (moderation) and responsiveness deterioration (mediation) models.
The second study examines whether partner responsiveness, dyadic coping and relationship satisfaction have a buffering effect on the recovery from posttraumatic stress symptoms.
The third study investigates the interrelations between attachment and partner responsiveness
Dementia education among nursing students using Guided University Debate
No full textThe aim of this project is to experimentally test the effectiveness of lecture-based against debate-based teaching in the education of undergraduate nursing students in dementia care