Helmholtz Centre Potsdam - GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences
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How does 1 Hz transcranial magnetic stimulation over the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex affect declarative and procedural knowledge retrieval?
No full textThis study aims to examine the role of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) in retrieving already acquired declarative and procedural knowledge. We use low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) to modulate the DLPFC's activity. Furthermore, we apply two learning paradigms: the Paired Associate Learning Task (PALT) to measure declarative learning and the Alternating Serial Reaction Time (ASRT) task to measure implicit procedural learning. On the first day, participants perform the two learning tasks. After a 24-h offline period, they receive 1 Hz rTMS or sham stimulation for 10 minutes over the Brodmann area 9 (BA9). Stimulation is either directed to the left BA9, the right BA9, or bilaterally. Immediately after stimulation, we retest the participants' declarative and procedural knowledge
Co-production and Mental Health Service Provision: A Scoping Review Protocol
No full textThis revised protocol aims to review the literature on co-production in mental healt
Asymmetric Generalizations in Social Judgment - Exp1b (Suppl)
No full textThis projects compares the influence of moral information on competence judgments vs that of competent information on morality judgments
The Effect of Self-Distancing on Emotion Regulation and Autobiographical Remembering
No full textSelf-distancing studies investigated the effectiveness of distanced perspective for regulating emotions. The past research demonstrated that visual and linguistic self-distancing effectively reduced negative affect for various emotions (Kross et al., 2005; Kross & Ayduk, 2008; Orvell et al., 2021). However, while the regulatory effect of linguistic self-distancing has been consistent across emotions, there has been evidence also showing that visual self-distancing might not be beneficial in reducing self-conscious emotions such as shame and guilt (Hung & Mukhopadhyay, 2012; Katzir & Eyal, 2013; Orvell et al., 2021). The present study concentrated on comparing the two strategies in terms of regulating different types of emotions. Additionally, building on previous evidence showing vulnerable individuals with high levels of anxiety and depression symptoms benefit more from distancing strategies (Kross & Ayduk, 2009; Kross et al., 2017), we examine individual differences in rumination and habitual use of emotion regulation strategies to test whether these factors moderate the effect of distancing on emotion regulation. Although distancing studies frequently included autobiographical memories as stimuli, how distancing affects memory characteristics were not completely explored. The research from cognitive studies showed that memories from an observer perspective had fewer sensory details, lower levels of emotional intensity, and reliving, similar to the regulatory function of distancing (Berntsen & Rubin, 2006; Robinson & Swanson, 1993). That is why we argue that studying distancing strategies with changes in memory characteristics can be beneficial for a broader understanding of distancing. Accordingly, the study also examined differences in memory phenomenology with the shift between immersed and distanced conditions. Altogether, the present study aims to investigate whether different distancing strategies (visual, linguistic), shifts between perspectives (immersed, distanced), and different types of emotions (self-conscious, basic) influence memories characteristics and emotion regulation
The Motives of Values in Moral Judgment
No full textPersonal values have been found to be closely related to moral foundation (Feldman, 2020). Specifically, self-transcendence versus self-enhancement values dimension was associated with individualizing foundations, whereas conservation versus openness-to-change values dimension was associated with binding foundations. However, how the motives of personal values affect moral judgment remains unclear. Across four studies, we examine two alternative motives underlying each of the four higher-order values (i.e., conservation, self-enhancement, openness to change, and self-transcendence).
Study One:
Conservation has been found to be positively related to morality (Feldman, Chao, Farh, & Bardi, 2015). This could be due to two possible reasons: a) internalization of the values; b) social pressure and punishment. To test the two explanations, two parallel versions of moral judgment (i.e., private vs. public) are designed.
Study Two:
Self-transcendence has been found to be positively related to morality (Feldman, Chao, Farh, & Bardi, 2015). This could be due to two possible reasons: a) valuing people’s life universally; b) caring about people’s own will. To test the two explanations, two parallel versions of moral judgment (i.e., willing vs. unknown) are designed.
Study Three:
Openness to change has been found to be negatively related to morality (Feldman, Chao, Farh, & Bardi, 2015). This could be due to two possible reasons: a) the tendency to take action; b) the preference for utilitarian thinking. To test the two explanations, two parallel versions of moral judgment (i.e., action vs. inaction) are designed.
Study Four:
Self-enhancement has been found to be negatively related to morality (Feldman, Chao, Farh, & Bardi, 2015). This could be due to two possible reasons: a) general preference for self-interest; b) specific preference for self-enhancement. To test the two explanations, two parallel versions of moral judgment (i.e., self-interest vs. self-enhancement) are designed
Prevalência de dor crônica em professores universitários: protocolo de revisão de escopo
No full textA revisão de escopo proposta utilizará estrutura metodológica em cinco etapas: 1) Identificação da questão de pesquisa; 2) Identificação de estudos relevantes; 3) Seleção de estudos; 4) Extração dos dados e 5) Coleta, resumo e relato dos dados. E para a elaboração do protocolo serão seguidas as orientações do PRISMA-ScR (PETERS et al., 2020
Politics and perceptions
No full textThis study examines whether being exposed to the speech of prominent politicians in which they demonize others increases the likelihood of minor, seemingly unrelated criminal behaviour such as assault, vandalism, insurance fraud, and buying stolen property. The idea being tested is that this sort of political rhetoric makes people angry (whether or not they support the rhetoric) which increases the chances of reacting in an impulsive, self-serving, sometimes criminal way if a suitable situation arose. To test this, an online experiment will be conducted where some participants are exposed to a video clip of Donald Trump using exclusionary rhetoric, while other participants are exposed to Trump using more neutral language. It is expected that people who have been exposed to the exclusionary rhetoric will exhibit more anger which will increase the likelihood of reporting a) that they would commit the criminal act if they were in that scenario, and b) that they would find the criminal act to be "less wrong." Both are common proxies for criminal behaviour. This research will contribute to our understanding of the social impact of inflammatory political speech. This is particularly important at a time when right-wing populists are a prominent feature of the political landscape in many parts of the world (e.g., Trump in the US, Orbán in Hungary, Wilders in the Netherlands, Le Pen in France)
Mapping the evidence of drug-resistant tuberculosis related stigma among health workers in high Tb and high DRTB-burden countries : a scoping review protocol
No full textDrug-resistant tuberculosis (DRTB) has become an increasing threat to human health and economic security worldwide. Exacerbating the severity of DRTB is the low rates of essential service delivery for DRTB, leading to increasing community transmission of the disease, further amplified by stigma. In addition, because community health workers are in the front line of essential services delivery, their efforts in all areas of disease control are suspected of having resulted in stigmatisation, impacting patient-centred care. This scoping review will map out the evidence of the stigma associated with DRTB confronting health workers
Towards a common definition of Hospital Acquired Deconditioning (HAD) [in working-age adults]: A Scoping Review
No full textObjective: The objective is to identify the key components used to define hospital-acquireddeconditioning in adults from previous literature.
Introduction: Hospital-acquired-deconditioning (HAD) is becoming increasingly recognised as a complication of inpatient care. The prevalence is estimated to be approximately 30% in older adults, but it has not been assessed in working-age adults (1). Much of the literature describes a non-standardised description HAD (1-5). Therefore, delineating the criteria used to outline HAD provides a better platform to inform future practice and research.
Inclusion criteria: all literature that investigates or discusses HAD in working-age adults (18+), including the aim of assessing and/or managing HAD within the inpatient setting (acute, sub-acute hospital or rehabilitation settings). Opinion pieces, grey literature, qualitative, quantitative, and systematic review designs will be included. Literature that does not define or describe HAD will be excluded.
Methods: The scoping review will follow the Joanna Briggs Institute scoping review methodology (6). All sources which provide a definition or description of HAD assessment and/or management will be included. Literature must be written in English. Eight electronic databases and grey literature platforms will be searched from 1st January 1990 to 31st January 2022 (MEDLINE OVID, CINAHL (EbscoHost), EMBASE, AMED (OVID) PsychInfo(OVID), PEDro, OpenGrey, GreyLit). Citation searching of selected studies will be conducted using Web of Science. Titles, abstracts, and full-text screening will be completed independently by two reviewers. Data will be descriptively summarised and presented using tables and diagrams. Reporting will follow the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses extension for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR) checklist(7)
Lecture video quality (5-Second Duration)
No full textThis study will examine the effect of lecture video quality on learning experience