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Prevalence and Predictors of Sexual Aggression Perpetration and Victimization between Iranian Women and Men
No full textThe present research will assess the prevalence of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization between Iranian women and men. Furthermore, the study will examine potential predictors of sexual aggression perpetration and victimization. Prior research suggested the following two predictors of sexual aggression victimization: Child sexual abuse (CSA) and risky sexual behavior. The potential predictors of sexual aggression perpetration are: CSA, risky sexual behavior, and for male participants also hostile masculinity attitudes
ManyPrimates 2: Delay of gratification
No full textDelay of gratification involves the ability to resist the temptation of an immediate reward in order to receive a larger or better reward at a later point in time. It is a type of self-regulation and is closely related to concepts such as patience, impulse control, self-control, and willpower. Delay of gratification is involved in a variety of adaptive decision-making processes (e.g. planning, foraging, risk taking) and has been linked to health as well as economic, social, and academic achievement in humans.
Several tasks have been used to assess delay of gratification in the past; we decided to use the accumulation task (Beran, 2002) as our main task. In this task, a limited number of food rewards slowly accumulate until the subject takes them and stops the accumulation process. We chose this task because we can include a wide range of difficulty levels (by varying the speed of accumulation) to capture the variation we expect to be present across species and individuals, and because it is a relatively easy task to implement.
We would also like to include a second task: the exchange task (Auersperg et al., 2013). In this task, subjects are given a food item that they can later trade for a larger quantity. The level of difficulty is determined by how long subjects need to keep the food reward without eating it before they can exchange it
Borderline Personality Disorder and Antisocial Behaviors in Young People: The Role of Impulsivity
No full textA considerable amount of research shows that antisocial behaviors, most notably problems with alcohol, problems with drugs, and conduct problems, is common during adolescence (e.g., Moffitt, 1993). In the past few decades, the presence of Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) in adolescents also became increasingly acknowledged. Research has suggested that BPD features are related to more antisocial behavior (e.g., Beauchaine, Klein, Crowell, Derbidge, & Gatzke-Kopp, 2009; Trull et al., 2018; Wilson, Fertuck, Kwitel, Stanley, & Stanley, 2006). However, it remains unclear how this relationship works. Of all personality traits, particularly impulsivity seems to be related to both BPD features and antisocial behaviors. Impulsivity is therefore a promising construct in explaining the relationship between both constructs. BPD features and antisocial behaviors might have shared variance that can be explained by impulsivity.
However, various conceptions of impulsivity are present in the literature, all relating to different aspects of personality. Whiteside and Lynam (2001) suggested that there are five facets of impulsivity: (lack of) premeditation, positive urgency, negative urgency, sensation seeking, and (lack of) perseverance. This facet level may be particularly important to understand the link between BPD features and antisocial behaviors, because some facets of impulsivity might be specifically related to BPD features and some facets of impulsivity might be specifically related to antisocial behaviors.
By investigating these facets of impulsivity together in one model, we can examine which facets are (most) important in the constructs BPD features and antisocial behaviors, and in the relationship between the two. We expect that there will be one or more facet(s) that are related to both, and that the presence of these facets of impulsivity partly explain the concurrent link between BPD features and antisocial behaviors
The effect of competing noise on speech recognition for children who are non-native listeners: a scoping review protocol
No full textThe objective of this scoping review is to investigate if 5-17 year-olds who are non-native listeners show poorer speech recognition in competing noise compared to native listeners
Place-related representations in setting the stage for empathy
No full textA wealth of research has focused on how we feel about and respond to others' experiences. There is consensus that the degree to which we mentally represent another's situation influences our feelings and likelihood to act, yet the composition of those representations is largely unexplored. Representing the other person (perspective taking) is often presented as the central or even only ingredient, but recent research suggests a separable contribution of how we imagine the surroundings based on episodic memory (scene representation). Here we provide the most stringent test of this hypothesis to date. Using pattern similarity and connectivity, we identify associations between neural activity during isolated scene representation and during representation of others' experiences. We then take those parameters as well as self-reported scene representation to predict other-regarding affect (self-report and skin conductance) and behavior (dictator game)
Trolley Problem Replication
No full textThe trolley problem has been used as the standard case for testing our biases in moral judgments. This study is interested in an actor-observation asymmetry in participants' moral judgments regarding two versions of the trolley problem, namely the push case and switch case. This study aims to replicate the findings by Nadelhoffer and Feltz (2008) as well as Wiegmann and Waldmann (2014)
Memories and life events
No full textEurope-wide survey on recovered memories of abuse experiences in therapy: A conceptual replication and extension of Patihis & Pendergrast (2019
Exp.1: Emotion responses following goal-directed actions
No full textWe ask whether infants have expectations about emotion responses following goal-directed actions
Will They Get Along? Infants’ Expectations about Third Party Social Relationships Based on Language: An online replication of Liberman et al. 2017
No full textThis study did not yield significant results because infants were looking at ceiling. We conducted a couple of pilot versions to find the optimal looking time window after this study. We will now pre-register a second version of this study with a looking time window that is not at ceiling.
While research has shed light on infants’ ability to recognize and even prefer their native language at a remarkably young age, little research has studied whether infants use language as an indicator of social groups. The present study will be replicating a 2017 study “Preverbal Infants Infer Third-Party Social Relationships Based on Language” by Liberman, Woodward, and Kinzler. While the 2017 study was conducted in-person in a laboratory setting with video stimuli projected on a large screen, this study will be conducted online on the Lookit website (lookit.mit.edu). Another noteworthy difference is that the 2017 study involved infant-controlled test trials (i.e., test trials ended if infants looked away for longer than 2s or 30s has elapsed), while this study will not (i.e., test trials will be presented the same length regardless infant looking). This study will test whether the same patterns and findings from the 2017 study will be replicated in an online paradigm despite these differences
When Digital Boundaries Break: A Meta-Analysis of Online Infidelity and Couple Satisfaction
No full textOnline infidelity (OI) is increasingly recognized as a threat to romantic relationship satisfaction. This meta-analysis is the first to systematically examine the association between OI and couple satisfaction and to explore potential moderators such as type of OI (partnered-arousal vs. solitary-arousal), gender, age, relationship status, and methodological characteristics. A total of 59 independent samples (N = 49480) from 13 countries were included. Results revealed a statistically significant negative association between OI and couple satisfaction (r = –.09, p = .007), indicating that higher engagement in OI is linked to lower relationship satisfaction. Moderator analyses showed that most demographic and relational variables (gender, age, relationship status, relationship length, type of intimacy, arousal, behavioral vs. intentional OI, and measurement tools) did not significantly affect the strength of this association. However, publication-based characteristics (e.g., year of publication) emerged as significant with more recent studies reporting stronger negative associations. Furthermore, sample-related characteristics (e.g., recruitment sample) were also significant and suggested avenues for future research. These results underscore the relational impact of OI across diverse populations and contexts, supporting its conceptualization as a consistent predictor of reduced couple satisfaction. Findings emphasize the need for prevention and intervention strategies addressing digital boundary violations and enhancing relational resilience in the digital age. This meta-analysis provides empirical clarity on OI’s impact and offers direction for clinical practice and future research