Journal of Agriculture and Natural Resources
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Multivariate analysis of soybean genotypes
Get PDFThe experiments were conducted using randomized complete block design with three replications at the research field of Agriculture Botany Division, Khumaltar, Lalitpur, Nepal in 2016 and 2017 to evaluate sixteen soybean genotypes using multivariate analysis. The results showed the significant (p <0.05) differences among genotypes for plant height, days to maturity plant and hundred seeds weight and grain yield. Cluster analysis based on these traits, sixteen soybean genotypes were divided the genotypes into four clusters. The soybean genotypes grouped into cluster 1 showed the highest value for days to maturity. The genotypes belonged to cluster 2 had the highest values for grain yield and plant height. The principle components analysis showed that PC1 and PC2 having eigen values the highest than unity explained 76.6% of total variability among soybean genotypes attributable to plant height, days to maturity, number of pods/plant, 100 seed weight and grain yield. The genotypes showing wide diversity in cluster and principle component analysis can be used as parents in hybridization programs to maximize the use of genetic diversity and expression of heterosis and develop high yielding soybean varieties
Evaluation of open pollinated and hybrid maize varieties in Dhading district of Nepal
Get PDFFive maize varieties namely Rampur composite, Arun-2, Manakamana-3, Rampur Hybrid-4 and Rajkumar were evaluated in randomized complete block design with four replications at farmers field at Nilkantha Municipality-09, Aashikhola, Dhading from February 2018 to June 2018 to identify high yielding maze varieties. Significant variation was observed for grain yield, silking and tasseling, number of kernels per cob and cob length.The largest cob length was found in Rampur composite (19.550 cm) and highest number of kernel row per cob was found in Rajkumar (17.25) and Manakamana-3 (17.25).The highest number of leaves above cob was found in Rampur composite (5.678). The number of days for 50% tasseling and number of days for 50% silking had a highly significant and positive correlation with plot yield. The highest number of days for 50% tasseling (78.50 DAS) and days for 50 % silking (82.50 DAS) was observed in the genotypes Rampur Hybrid-4. Similarly, the number of leaves above the cob , thousand kernel weight and length of the cob had a significant and positive correlation with plot yield. Rampur Hybrid -4 was the highest yielding genotype (7.79 t/ha) for such domain area with a B:C ratio of 1.48.Thus, Rampur Hybrid-4 genotype is recommended for spring season in Dhading
Growth and yield performance of hybrid tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) lines at Parwanipur, Bara, Nepal
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted to evaluate the performance of hybrid tomato lines on growth and yield performance at Regional Agriculture research Station (RARS), Parwanipur, Nepal during end of September, 2018 to April, 2019. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design (RCBD) with seven hybrid tomato lines as treatments and three replications. The tested lines included Srijana and Dalila as check varieties and other lines, developed by crossing HRA and HRD lines which showed better performance under late blight conditions. HRA 20× HRD 1 showed significantly higher plant height (110.67 cm) which was statistically at par with genotype HRA 14× HRD 7. The highest number of fruits per plant (69) was recorded from Srijana whereas the lowest number of fruits per plant (37) was recorded from cv. HRA20 × HRD1. The fruit yield of the lines ranged from 50.54 t/ha to 32.2 t/ha with Srijana having the highest yield and HRA 20× HRD 1 as the lowest. Similar results were shown regarding the marketable fruit yield. However, the highest individual fruit weight (34.67g) was recorded in HRA 14× HRD 7 and the least fruit weight was recorded in Srijana (24.22 g). Results showed that the maximum TSS (5.53 0Brix) was recorded from Dalila which was similar as Srijana. Hence, the overall performance of Srijana was recorded superior regarding both quantitative and qualitative suggesting Srijana as the recommended variety in the given domain. Here authors concluded that Srijana is still a comparatively better hybrid variety in Nepal. 
Occurrence, diversity and morphology of poroid wood decay by Ganoderma spp. from tropical moist deciduous forest region of Bangladesh
Get PDFThere are many hot spots in tropical moist deciduous forest region where wood decay fungi grow naturally. An investigation was carried out to collect, identify and preserve wood decay Ganoderma spp. on the basis of morphological characteristics from Pabna, Dhaka and Rajshahi under tropical moist deciduous forest region in Bangladesh during June to September 2016 and July to October 2017. This study was conducted to record the morphological variability, distribution, habitat and diversity of the Ganoderma population. A total of 40 Ganoderma samples were collected and identified to nine species under Ganodermataceae family. The samples were collected from the sites by walking through the area following standard method. The field data and laboratory analytical data was recorded during sample collection and in the laboratory, respectively.The highest density of occurrence (23%) was recorded for Ganoderma lucidum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma applanatum (20%), Ganoderma praelongum (19%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (18.5%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (17%), Ganoderma boninense (15%), Ganoderma lipsiense (13%) and Ganoderma tsugae (11%). The highest frequency of occurrence (10%) was recorded for Ganoderma applanatum and Ganoderma oregonense followed by Ganoderma lucidum (9%), Ganoderma pfeifferi (8%), Ganoderma boninense (8%), Ganoderma praelongum (7%), Ganoderma lesklokorka (7%),Ganoderma tsugae (6%) and Ganoderma lipsiense (5%). During survey, Koroi (Albizia procera), Aurjun (Terminalia arjuna), Sisso plant (Dalbergia sissoo), Neem (Azadirachta indica), Golden shower (Acacia auriculiformis) and Rain tree (Albizia lebbeck) were found as hosts of Ganoderma spp. The specimens were preserved in the SAU Herbarium of Macro Fungi (SHMF) and might be useful in mushroom breeding and development program for medicine and food industry sector in future
Replacement of concentrate mixture with different levels of water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) in basal diet on feed intake and production performance of piglets
Get PDFAn experiment was conducted on weaned piglets at Piggery Research Unit of Regional Agricultural Research Station (RARS), Tarahara, Sunsari from 12 September to 4 December 2019 for 84 days after adjustment period of seven days. Twenty piglets after weaning of 4-6 months age were allocated into four treatments each with 5 replications by using Completely Randomized Design. Four type of experimental diets were composed for experimental piglets. Piglets of T1 (control) group were provided adlib concentrate mixture, 95% concentrate feed + 5% water hyacinth (WH) were given to T2 group, 90% concentrate feed + 10 WH were offered to T3 group and piglets of T4 group were fed 85% concentrate feed + 15% WH as per their daily requirement. Feed and water hyacinth intake were recorded daily and body weight gain was measured once a week. Experiment revealed that feed and WH intake was highly significant (p<0.001) among treatment groups. Highest total body weight gain was obtained in control group (T1) (37.66 kg) followed by T3 (34.91 kg) and T2 (34.25 kg) which was non-significant among diet groups. Similarly, highest average daily gain was observed higher for T1 (control) group (448 g /day) followed by T3 and T2 group (415.59 and 407.73 g/day, respectively). Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR) was observed almost similar in all treatment groups (1:2 kg). Experiment suggested that concentrate mixture can be safely replaced with WH up to 15% without any adverse effect on body weight gain
Effects of row spacings and varieties on grain yield and economics of maize
Get PDFMaize is the second most important crop of Nepal. The yield of the crop is low due to lack of appropriate plant density for the varieties. The field experiment was carried out to study the effect of different row spacings on different maize varieties at Deupur, Lamahi municipality of the dang district in province No. 5, Nepal during the rainy season from June to September, 2018. Four levels of spacings (boardcasting and three row spacings of 45, 60 and 75 cm) and two maize varieties (Rampur Composite and Arun-2) were evaluated using randomized complete block design with three replications. The highest grain yield was found in Rampur Composite and Arun-2 while they were planted with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm. The highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob, thousand grain weight were reported when maize was planted in the row spacing 60×25cm. Among the maize varieties, Rampur Composite produced the highest grain yield, cob length, cob circumference, number of rows per cob as compared to Arun-2. This study suggested that maize production can be maximized by cultivating maize varieties with row spacing of 60 cm with plant to plant spacing of 25 cm
Comparative study on technical efficiency of mechanized and traditional rice farm in Nepal
Get PDFThe study was conducted among 274 mechanized and 220 traditional rice farms using multistage sampling technique to assess the technical efficiency in rice production among mechanized and traditional farmers in Jhapa, Sunsari and Bardiya districts. The Cobb-Douglas functional form of the stochastic production frontier was employed to obtain the technical efficiency in mechanized and traditional rice farms. The overall technical efficiency of the mechanized and traditional rice farm ranged from 40.31 to 92.23 and 31.21 to 85.02%t with the mean technical efficiency of 80.56 and 70.11% respectively. The scope of increasing output by adopting the technology adopted by the best performer was 19.44% in mechanized and 29.89% in traditional rice farm respectively. Majority of the farmers were operating at an efficiency level 70-80% and 60-70% in mechanized and traditional farms respectively. The average technical efficiency of mechanized rice farm was higher than that of traditional rice farm and the difference was significant. There was scope of increasing output through rational use of existing resources in both farm categories. Manures, chemical fertilizers had significant and positive effect to total yield of rice kg/ha. The effect of machine use to total yield of rice was positive and significant. Rice farms adopting machines were more technically efficient compared to traditional rice farm
Ovipositional preference of potato tuber moth and its damage to different genotypes of potato in free choice condition
Get PDFPotato tuber moth is a serious pests of potato which cause qualitative as well as quantitative loss on tubers at stores. Major control mechanism is to use chemical pesticide but this pose great hazard risk to the growers and consumers. Therefore this study evaluated tubers of ten potato genotypes viz. CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164, Khumal Ujjawal, PRP 296667.2, CIP 393385.39, CIP 395112.32, PRP 226567.2, PRP 0165667.6, CIP 393371.159, and Khumal Upahar against potato tuber moths for their ovipositional preferences and damage potential with nine replication in the laboratory. Number of deposited eggs for four days at eye and outside the tubers on skin, number of tunnel and tunnel length was measured. Least percentage of egg laid eye was least in genotype CIP 394600.52, CIP 393371.164 and variety Khumal Ujjawal respectively. The least number of total eggs laid on eyes was on genotype CIP 394600.52 9 (2.33±1.00) followed by variety Khumal Ujjwal. Although genotype CIP 393385.39 and Khumal Ujjwal was among the most preferred (6.00±2.45) genotype for oviposition, average number of tunnels and average total tunnel length remained very low. Factors such as physical, nutritional, chemical or genetical which may be involved inducing resistance mechanism thus should also be studied and verified
Performance of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) varieties with and without straw-mulch at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal
Get PDFThe suitability of crop varieties in a particular location determines the productivity of crops. A field experiment was conducted from February to May 2020 at Shankharapur, Kathmandu, Nepal to evaluate the growth and productivity of potato varieties with and without mulch. Five potato varieties (Cardinal, Janakdev, Khumal Bikas, MS- 42.3, Panauti Local) were evaluated under straw-mulch and no-mulch conditions. The treatments were arranged in two factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with 3 replications. The results revealed that the highest tuber yield was produced by Janakdev (34.29 t ha-1) followed by Panauti Local (29.52 t ha-1). Similarly, straw-mulch gave higher yield (25.9 t ha-1) as compared with no mulch condition (21.73 t ha-1). The higher tuber yield in the Janakdev and Panauti Local was because of higher tuber weight per hill, higher number and weight of medium size (50 -100 g) and oversize (> 100 g) tuber per hill. Similarly, higher yield in straw mulch was due to higher number and weight of tuber per hill. Higher gross return, net return was observed and the benefit cost ratioin varieties Janakdev (4.08) and Panauti Local (3.53) and rice straw mulch (2.88). Therefore, potato varieties Janakdev and Panauti Local with straw mulch are most suitable for Kathmandu like climate for improving productivity and profitability
Economics of rice production in Pyuthan district of Nepal
Get PDFA research was conducted at Pyuthan district in order to access the profitability of rice production in Pyuthan during the summer season of 2018-2019. Altogether of 70 respondents were selected randomly and surveyed with semi-structured interview schedule. The results revealed that the average land holding was 0.45 hectare, and the average rice cultivation area was 0.34 hectare. On the basis of average rice cultivation area, farmers were categorized as small (39) and large (31). The cost and return was calculated among both the category. t- test was used to compare the mean costs of inputs between small and large farmers. Cost for agronomic operations was found far higher (more than 70%) in both the category in compared to the cost of inputs. Contribution of rice grains and straw to overall return was 72.65% and 27.35% respectively. Benefit Cost ratio was found greater among large farmers. The average B:C ratio was 1.51, which was fairly higher than 1.14 in Dang district indicating the investment of rice production is expected to deliver a positive net return to the farmers of the study area. In a nutshell, rice cultivation is an important enterprise that should be encouraged, considering the fact that it is a major staple crop