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On Absolute Tribonacci Series Spaces and Some Matrix Operators
No full textIn this article, the absolute Tribonacci space |Tθ |q is introduced as the domain of the Tribonacci matrix on ℓq. First, certain algebraic and topological structures such as BK−space, isomorphism, duals, and Schauder basis are studied. Then, some characterizations of compact and matrix operators on this space are given their norms, and Hausdorff measures of noncompactness are determined. © 2025, Murat TOSUN. All rights reserved
Inter-Rater Reliability of the Qualitative Analysis of the One-Leg Squat Test in Adolescent Athletes
No full textIntroduction This study aimed to evaluate the inter-rater reliability of the qualitative analysis of the one-leg squat test in adolescent athletes. Methods The sample consisted of 20 adolescent athletes aged 10 to 18 years with no balance-affecting health issues. The athletes performed the one-leg squat test, and their performances were video recorded. Three raters-a senior physiotherapist, a junior physiotherapist, and a sports scientist-independently evaluated the videos using Lee Herrington's qualitative analysis framework. Results Fleiss' Kappa analysis showed no significant agreement among the three raters for the right leg, while a low but significant agreement was found for the left leg (k=0.159, p=0.003). Cohen's Kappa analysis indicated no significant agreement between the senior physiotherapist and the sports scientist (k = 0.026, p = 0.761) or between the junior physiotherapist and the sports scientist (k = 0.059, p = 0.509). However, a low yet statisticallysignificant agreement was observed between the senior and junior physiotherapists (k = 0.250, p = 0.008). Conclusion The findings suggest that the qualitative analysis of the one-leg squat test does not show strong inter-rater reliability across different professional groups. The low agreement between physiotherapists, despite their experience differences, might be due to similar professional training and perspectives
Assessment of Youtube Videos on Post-Dural Puncture Headache: a Cross-Sectional Study
No full textBackground. Post-dural puncture headache (PDPH) is a common complication of central neuroaxis anesthesia or analgesia, causing severe headaches. YouTube is widely used for health information, but the reliability and quality of PDPH-related content are unclear. This study evaluates the content adequacy, reliability, and quality of YouTube videos on PDPH. Methods. This cross-sectional study analyzed English-language YouTube videos on PDPH with good audiovisual quality. Two independent reviewers assessed the videos using the DISCERN instrument, Journal of American Medical Association (JAMA) benchmark criteria, and Global Quality Scale (GQS). Correlations between video characteristics and their reliability, content adequacy, and quality scores were examined. Results. Out of 71 videos, 42.3% were uploaded by health-related websites, 36.6% by physicians, and 21.1% by patients. Strong correlations were found between DISCERN, JAMA, and GQS scores (p 0.001). Videos from physicians and health-related websites had significantly higher scores than those from patients (p 0.001). No significant correlations were observed between descriptive characteristics and scores (p > 0.05). Conclusion. YouTube videos on PDPH uploaded by health-related websites or physicians are more reliable, adequate, and higher in quality than those uploaded by patients. Source credibility is crucial for evaluating medical information on YouTube. Copyright 2025 İlhan and Evran
Synthesis, Characterization and in Silico Studies of Some Pyrazolo-Acridine Hybrid Compounds as Antimicrobial Agents
No full textPyrazole and acridine derivatives play an important role in medicinal chemistry due to their different biological activities. In this context, new heterocyclic hybrid compounds (7a-h) containing pyrazole, acridine and benzothiazole scaffolds were synthesized. These compounds were achieved via three-component reaction of pyrazole-carbaldehyde (4) with cyclohexane-1,3-dione (5) and substituted aromatic amines (6a-h) using p-toluenesulfonic acid (PTSA) as catalyst. The structures of the obtained pyrazolo-acridine hybrids were determined by spectroscopic methods (FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, and mass spectra) and confirmed by elemental analysis. The antibacterial activity of the synthesized molecules against two Gram-positive and one Gram-negative microorganisms and their antifungal activity against two yeasts was evaluated using four control compounds: Vancomycin, Levofloxacin, Cefepime and Fluconazole. All synthesized pyrazolo-acridine derivatives showed good antibacterial and antifungal activity. The results of the preliminary screening indicate that some synthesized pyrazolo-acridine derivatives gave twofold to quadruple potent antimicrobial activity, compared to standard drugs. The results confirm that the antimicrobial activity is strongly dependent on the substituents linked to aromatic ring. Additionally, molecular docking studies were performed to highlight the modes of interaction between the studied hybrid pyrazolo-acridine derivatives and the 3Q70, 3FV5, 3FYV and 3IL5 receptors. Prediction of ADMET properties has been performed. Finally, molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were also performed to investigate the stability of the molecular docking results. In silico studies show that hybrid pyrazolo-acridine derivatives are potential promising candidates when compared to reference compounds. © 2025Kütahya Dumlupınar University, (2016-87
Analysis of the 1961 Constitution in the Pendulum of Democracy and Guardianship in Turkey
No full textThe 1961 Constitution of Turkey, established after the 1960 military coup, represents a pivotal moment in the country's political history, oscillating between democracy and tutelage. While it expanded fundamental rights, strengthened judicial independence, and introduced the concept of a social state, it simultaneously institutionalised military and bureaucratic oversight through mechanisms such as the Senate of the Republic and the National Security Council. This study systematically analyses the 1961 Constitution's dual structure using the PRISMA method for literature review, and AMOS 22 for content analysis of expert opinions from YouTube videos. Findings indicate that the constitution fostered pluralistic democracy while reinforcing military influence, limiting civil authority. The research highlights how the balance between democracy and tutelage shaped Turkish governance, and argues for strengthening democratic institutions to eliminate residual tutelary structures
Enhancing Mechanical Properties of 3d-Printed Pla Composites Via Topology Optimization and Nickel Coating
No full textPolylactic acid (PLA) is widely used in additive manufacturing due to its biodegradability and ease of processing. However, its mechanical limitations restrict its applicability in structural components. This study pioneers a unique integration of topology optimization and electrolytic nickel coating for PLA composites, marking a significant advancement in lightweight and high-strength material development. PLA specimens were fabricated using the fused deposition modeling (FDM) technique and subsequently coated with nickel at thicknesses of 5 mu m and 10 mu m via electrolytic deposition after surface activation with conductive graphite spray. Three-point bending tests were performed to evaluate the effects of topology optimization and nickel coating on mechanical properties. Experimental results demonstrated that topology optimization led to a weight reduction of up to 45%, while nickel coating significantly improved mechanical performance. The flexural strength of PLA increased by 60%, from 45 MPa (uncoated) to 72 MPa (10 mu m nickel-coated), while Young's modulus improved by 125%, making it comparable to conventional structural polymers. Nickel-coated samples demonstrated significant improvements in flexural strength and modulus, along with enhanced resistance to environmental degradation, indicating superior durability for long-term applications. These findings highlight the potential of PLA-based hybrid materials as viable alternatives to lightweight metal alloys in applications requiring both strength and corrosion resistance, such as aerospace components, automotive structures, and medical implants.The work was supported by the Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University [FBA-2020-5244].Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit of Akdeniz University [FBA-2020-5244
Endüstri 4.0 ve yalın üretim sistemi arasındaki ilişkinin değerlendirilmesine yönelik bir araştırma
No full textGünümüzde işletmeler, hızla gelişen teknolojilere ve değişen pazar
koşullarına uyum sağlamak için sürekli olarak değişim içindedir. Bu dinamik
ortamda Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri, akıllı üretim sistemleri ve otomasyon araçları
ile yalın üretim uygulamaları ise süreç optimizasyonu ve israf azaltma potansiyeli
ile ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu iki önemli yaklaşımın entegrasyonu, üretim
işletmelerinin karşılaştığı zorluklara yenilikçi çözümler sunarak operasyonel
performanslarını artırma potansiyeline sahiptir.
Bu çalışma, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri, içsel yalın üretim uygulamaları ve
operasyonel performans arasındaki ilişkileri incelemeyi amaçlamaktadır.
Literatürde, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri ve içsel yalın uygulamaların operasyonel
performansa olan aracılık etkilerini inceleyen araştırmalar sınırlıdır. Bu
araştırma, bu boşluğu doldurmayı ve işletmelere teorik ve pratik katkılar sunmayı
hedeflemektedir. Araştırmada, Türkiye’de faaliyet gösteren ve İSO 500 ile İkinci
500 listelerinde yer alan 342 imalat işletmesinden toplanan veriler kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma modelindeki değişkenlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etkilerini incelemek
için lineer regresyon analizi ve aracılık etkileri için Bootstrap tekniği
kullanılmıştır.
Araştırma bulguları; içsel yalın üretim uygulamalarının operasyonel
performans üzerinde hem doğrudan hem de Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri aracılığıyla
dolaylı yoldan anlamlı bir etkisi olduğunu göstermektedir. Bu doğrultuda,
Endüstri 4.0 teknolojileri, içsel yalın üretim uygulamalarının operasyonel
performans üzerindeki etkisinde kısmi aracılık rolü üstlenmektedir. Benzer
şekilde, Endüstri 4.0 teknolojilerinin operasyonel performans üzerindeki etkisi de
hem doğrudan hem de içsel yalın üretim uygulamaları aracılığıyla dolaylı olarak
anlamlı bulunmuş; bu da içsel yalın üretim uygulamalarının Endüstri 4.0'ın etkisi
üzerinde kısmi aracılık rolü oynadığını ortaya koymuştur.In today’s world, businesses are constantly undergoing changes to adapt to
rapidly advancing technologies and changing market conditions. In this dynamic
environment, Industry 4.0 technologies, with smart production systems and
automation tools, and lean production practices, with their potential for process
optimization and waste reduction, stand out. The integration of these two
significant approaches has the potential to provide innovative solutions to the
challenges faced by manufacturing businesses and enhance their operational
performance.
This study aims to examine the relationships between Industry 4.0
technologies, internal lean production practices, and operational performance.
There is limited research in the literature examining the mediating effects of
Industry 4.0 technologies and internal lean practices on operational performance.
This research seeks to fill this gap and provide both theoretical and practical
contributions to businesses. The data collected from 342 manufacturing businesses
listed in Turkey's ISO 500 and Second 500 lists were used in this study. Linear
regression analysis and the Bootstrap technique for mediating effects were applied
to examine the relationships between the variables in the research model.
The research findings show that internal lean production practices have a
significant effect on operational performance both directly and indirectly through
Industry 4.0 technologies. In this regard, Industry 4.0 technologies play a partial
mediating role in the effect of internal lean production practices on operational
performance. Similarly, the effect of Industry 4.0 technologies on operational
performance has been found to be significant both directly and indirectly through
internal lean production practices, revealing that internal lean production
practices play a partial mediating role in the effect of Industry 4.0
Evaluation of Orexin-A, Adiponectin and Apelin-13 Serum Levels in Children Diagnosed With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
No full textObjective This study investigates the role of orexin-a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin-13 serum levels in the etiopathogenesis of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), a neurodevelopmental disorder with unclear aetiology involving neuropathological, genetic and environmental factors. Methods The study involved 37 children with ADHD and 35 healthy controls, aged 6-18 years, with no history of other physical or psychiatric illnesses and no psychotropic medication use in the last 6 months. Serum levels of orexin-a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin-13 were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). ADHD symptoms were assessed through Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders-5 (DSM-5)-based clinical interviews, Conners Parent and Teacher Rating Scales and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test. Results No significant differences in serum orexin-a, adiponectin (HMWA) and apelin-13 levels were found between the ADHD and control groups. Additionally, there was no relationship between orexin-a, apelin-13 and adinopectin levels and ADHD symptoms and Wisconsin Card Sorting Test results. Analysis of adiponectin levels in preadolescent children aged 6-11, adjusting for age and BMI, revealed a statistically significant reduction in the ADHD group (p = 0.002). Conclusion The results did not demonstrate any correlation between ADHD and the levels of orexin-a and apelin-13. However, the study revealed that children with ADHD, aged 6-11, exhibited decreased adiponectin concentrations. These results suggest that a decrease in serum adinopectin levels may be associated with ADHD in children.This work was supported by Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit with the number 2017TPF020.Pamukkale University Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit [2017TPF020
Investigation of Factors Affecting Shoulder Pain in Stroke Survivors
No full textBackground: Shoulder pain is influenced by multiple factors in stroke survivors. Purpose: This study investigated factors contributing to shoulder pain in stroke survivors and quantified their impact. Study Design: Sixty-two stroke patients (21 females, 41 males; mean age: 63.97 ± 10.02 years) at Brunnstrom stage 3 or higher were included. Methods: Shoulder pain was assessed using the Visual Analog Scale, muscle tone with the Modified Ashworth Scale, and myofascial trigger points through palpation. A universal goniometer measured the range of motion, and the Fugl-Meyer Upper Extremity Assessment evaluated upper limb function. Soft tissue conditions were assessed using the Neer Impingement, Apprehension, Acromioclavicular Shear, and Speed tests. Results: Hemiplegic shoulder pain (HSP) was present in 50% of patients, primarily in the anterior (35.5%) and lateral (32.3%) shoulder. Burning and stinging sensations were common. No significant associations were found with age, gender, or time since stroke. However, HSP correlated with rehabilitation initiation time (p = 0.007, r = −0.34), Brunnstrom stage (p = 0.015, r = 0.31), and Fugl-Meyer score (p = 0.015, r = 0.31). Increased muscle tone in the subscapularis (p = 0.046, r = 0.26) and pectoralis major (p = 0.002, r = 0.38) was linked to HSP. Myofascial trigger points in the levator scapulae, supraspinatus, upper trapezius, teres major, teres minor, and infraspinatus muscles showed significant correlations Soft tissue pathology, indicated by the Neer Impingement (p = 0.000, r = 0.46), speed (p = 0.007, r = 0.34), and apprehension (p = 0.000, r = 0.52) tests, was also associated with HSP. Conclusions: HSP in stroke survivors is influenced by myofascial trigger points, soft tissue injuries, delayed rehabilitation, increased muscle tone, and lower motor function. Early intervention focusing on shoulder mobility is crucial for prevention and management, promoting functional recovery. © 2025 Elsevier Inc
Cyclophosphamide Treatment With a Comparison in Both Pediatric Rheumatology and Pediatric Nephrology Practices
No full textNalcacioglu, Hulya/0000-0002-0686-9714; Ozdemir Atikel, Yesim/0000-0001-5304-3125BackgroundCyclophosphamide (CYC) is an inactive alkylating agent that transforms the alkyl radicals into other molecules and is used in combination with systemic corticosteroids in the treatment of many childhood rheumatic diseases, such as systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and ANCA-associated vasculitis (AAV). In recent years, rituximab (RTX), a B-cell-targeting anti-CD20 monoclonal antibody, has emerged as a new alternative treatment modality over CYC for induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases. Clinicians adopt different practices for using CYC particularly in relation to indications, posology, pre-treatment laboratory work-up, post-treatment follow-up, and screening pre- and post-treatment vaccination status. This study aimed to evaluate the principles and approaches of administering CYC therapy in pediatric rheumatology and pediatric nephrology practices and to compare the clinician preferences for CYC and RTX in induction therapy of childhood-onset rheumatic diseases.MethodsThis study includes a web-based questionnaire executed on 87 participants (56 pediatric rheumatologists (PRs) and 31 pediatric nephrologists (PNs)). Both pediatric subspecialties evaluated and compared the most common indications for CYC treatment, pre-treatment consent protocols, pre-and post-treatment laboratory tests, dosing strategies, and side effects.ResultsChildhood-onset SLE (95%) and AAV (69%) were the most common diseases for which CYC treatment is used. All clinicians, except 2 PNs prescribed CYC via intravenous route. 61% of the PRs and 71% of PNs reported using a monthly dose of 500 mg/m(2) CYC for 6 months in accordance with the National Institutes of Health (NIH) protocol. All clinicians conducted pre-CYC treatment assessments of complete blood count and kidney function tests. Hepatitis B (82%), chickenpox (76%), and mumps-measles-rubella (72%) were the most frequently assessed vaccines. Adverse effects associated with CYC include cytopenia (86%), nausea (52%), liver toxicity (20%), hair loss (31%), hemorrhagic cystitis (37%), allergic reactions (16%), dyspnea (5%), and infertility (2%). 9 clinicians stated that they performed gonad-sparing interventions before CYC, which clarifies why CYC was more commonly preferred in the induction therapy of SLE and AAV over RTX by both PRs and PNs.ConclusionsClinicians still tend to choose CYC over RTX in induction therapy of SLE and AAV and mostly prefer the high-dose CYC treatment regimen suggested by the NIH