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New Zealand Deprivation Index 2018 - TA56: Grey District
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
New Zealand Deprivation Index 2018 - TA45: Upper Hutt City
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
Parent-Child Reminiscing About Emotional Events in Middle Childhood and Children’s Well-Being in a Longitudinal Cohort Study
No full textConverging evidence has highlighted the many benefits of engaging in emotional talk about the past for children’s socioemotional development. However, previous literature has primarily focused on preschool children, within small samples of Western-European participants. The present study sought to fill this literature gap, examining the relationship between preadolescent children’s behaviour and maternal reminiscing style within a large, socio-demographically diverse sample. A subset of 1406 participants was randomly selected from the longitudinal study Growing Up in New Zealand’s 8-year data collection wave. Mother-child reminiscing conversations about past negative events were coded, and analyses were run with children’s Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ) scores at 24-months, 54-months and 8-years. Overall, children’s SDQ scores were negatively associated with maternal elaboration at all three time points. Children experiencing fewer behavioural problems had mothers who reminisced more elaboratively with them, even after controlling for sociodemographic variables. Results did not reveal any child gender differences in maternal reminiscing style; however cultural variations to this pattern were present. Notably, mothers who self-prioritised their ethnicity as Asian were less elaborative than non-Asian mothers. Moreover, the correlation between children’s total difficulties and maternal elaboration scores was weaker for Asian mothers than non-Asian mothers. Thus, indicating that for Asian families the bidirectional influence of children’s behaviour and maternal elaboration may not be as strong as for non-Asian families. Results suggest the importance of cultural context in determining the role of emotional reminiscing for children’s socioemotional development. At present, little research has explored the association between preadolescents’ behaviour and emotional reminiscing. Thus, the current study makes a much-needed contribution to the field
Octavius Hadfield and the Entanglements of Mission
No full textAbstract
As a pioneering missionary to Maori in the Cook’s Strait region, Octavius Hadfield was extensively influential through three decades. Yet his contribution is virtually unknown today. Working with the discourse of “entanglement” developed by Tony Ballantyne, this thesis investigates the source and the nature of Hadfield’s influence and some of its significant outcomes. He identified with Maori, uniquely opting to live not in a mission compound but in the pa. Thus his life became deeply entangled with Maori, their culture, customs and language. This entanglement nurtured trust and commended the gospel he proclaimed, moving Maori society towards “new visions of both the natural and supernatural worlds” to quote Ballantyne. The thesis seeks to answer two questions: to what extent was Hadfield entangled with Maori of the Cook’s Strait region, and how did the degree of his entanglement enable him to initiate radical social change?
The answers, worked out through close engagement with archival sources, are set out in four chapters covering four relevant periods of Hadfield’s life: his formative years, his frustrating year in the Bay of Islands, his first few years in the Cook’s Strait region, and his campaign for justice for Te Atiawa in 1860-1861. Hadfield emerges creditably. An important topic sometimes discounted, rarely discussed, but researched here and needing further investigation, is the nature of Christian conversion among Maori and its relationship to societal transformation. Hadfield made a profound contribution to that subject, both intellectually in his writings and demonstrably through his ministry. Deeply entangled with Maori, through gospel principles he initiated and guided radical social change
Musicking in Chinese early childhood education: An ecological study of children’s music education in select Shandong kindergartens
No full textThis research investigates musicking in Chinese early childhood education. Musicking is defined as the action and process of music activity and its meaning. An ecological approach is applied to children’s music education in selected Shandong kindergartens, focusing on the following key questions: (i) How does musicking occur throughout the day in kindergartens? (ii) What factors influence musicking in these kindergartens? (iii) What are the differences in musicking between public and private kindergartens? This project was carried out in twelve kindergartens, of which six were public and six were private. Three data collection methods were utilised: participant and non-participant observation of all activities; semi-structured interviews with teachers; and questionnaires with children’s parents. The results of the study are reviewed within the framework of Bronfenbrenner’s ecological system, examining musicking of both teachers and children in kindergartens from micro to macro and chrono perspectives. The research demonstrates that music occurs in kindergartens within three categories: (i) organised music sessions; (ii) socially functional musicking; and (iii) background music. The study also reveals influencing factors on this music including teachers’ spaces, children’s families, and policy, culture, and digital technology. The overall findings show that there is no significant difference in children’s music education between public kindergartens, but there is much more diversity between private kindergartens. The implications of the research findings reveal that there are some challenges in Chinese early childhood music education, and the thesis suggests changes that could be made to make improvements
Managing the demand for elective orthopaedic surgery:Challenges, strategies and results in New Zealand
No full textIntroduction. There is increasing demand for orthopaedic surgery and public health
systems, in NZ and around the world, are struggling to manage. In New Zealand emphasis
has been placed on fairness, timeliness, and giving the patient certainty which has led to the
development of prioritisation systems and explicit rationing. This thesis of publications is
based on research undertaken in Dunedin over the past 20 years. During this period there
has been an increasing mismatch between demand and capacity for orthopaedic surgery in
general, and hip and knee arthroplasty in particular. A variety of strategies have been
employed to try to improve access to elective orthopaedic surgery.
Methods
The thesis is divided into chapters examining various aspects of the problem.
1) Drivers for the increasing demand for elective orthopaedic surgery, and competing
demands for resource including acutes.
2) Carpal tunnel syndrome. What we can achieve with good access.
3) Prevention. Neonatal screening for developmental hip dysplasia
4) Alternatives to surgery. Improving non-operative management and comparing results
with surgery.
5) Scoring, prioritisation and consequences of rationing with respect to total joint
replacement (TJR).
6) Improving the perioperative management of patients.
7) Results of surgical treatment. Getting it right first time and improving the outcomes
of surgery
Results.
There is not equity of publicly funded provision of total joint replacement (TJR) across the
country. The demand for surgery in Otago has been quantified and is increasing. There is
little that can be done to prevent the demand. However, screening for Developmental
Dysplasia of Hip (DDH) can reduce late presenting hip dislocation and its long-term
6
sequelae. Alternative models of care have been effective in managing CTS. There is a high
incidence of CTS in the elderly with good results from surgery.
Non-operative management through a dedicated physiotherapy led clinic can be helpful for
patients with hip and knee osteoarthritis (OA). Patients with knee OA are more likely to
benefit than those with hip OA. However, the functional results at long term follow up are
poorer than those who have undergone surgery. The scoring tools used to prioritise TJR
have been validated but they are not discriminatory around the threshold. Declining surgery
and returning patients to their General practitioner (GP) achieves little especially for
patients with hip OA who are more likely to deteriorate. The long-term effects of rationing
and under provision leads to worsening severity of patients qualifying for public surgery.
Gains in health related quality of life are related to severity at presentation but those most
severely affected may not get as good a final result. Hip and knee replacement are highly
cost-effective procedures by three years.
Enhanced recovery protocols have resulted in improved efficiency and shorter patient stays
despite older and sicker patients. Excellent long term results have been achieved following
Total Hip Replacement (THR) with up to 95% revision free survival at 18 to 20 years which
match or surpass published international results. Choice of implant fixation is important
with hybrid fixation in THR having the lowest risk of revision surgery.
Conclusions Elective orthopaedic interventions such as carpal tunnel decompression and
total joint replacement are highly effective. There is a limited role for non-operative
treatment in end stage hip and knee OA. Scoring and rationing may be effective up to a
point. There have been gains in efficiency despite older and sicker patients presenting for
surgery. Despite these efforts, there remains a significant mismatch between demand and
capacity and there is a clear need for increased investment in elective orthopaedic surgery
“We can’t find a safe or secure environment to be ourselves”: Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness in Aotearoa New Zealand
No full textInternationally, people who identify as Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Transgender, Intersex, Queer, and other minority gender and sexual orientation identities (LGBTIQ+) experience disproportionately high levels of homelessness. Despite this, no research has been undertaken on Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness in Aotearoa New Zealand. This thesis addresses this knowledge gap by utilising qualitative and quantitative methods, however, it is not an explicitly mixed methods PhD. The qualitative and quantitative strands remain separate; however, they can be used to create a more comprehensive understanding of LGBTIQ+ homelessness than if only one type of research method was used.
For the qualitative strand, constructivist grounded theory was used to analyse eight semi-structured interviews; proposing that “Experiences of Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness are shaped by: multiple failures of support and intervention points; the necessity of survival restricting choice and agency; and the long-term effect of concealing identities and coping with shame, stigma, and trauma. Understanding experiences of Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness demands a focus on and across systems and institutions.” Learnings from an ultimately unsuccessful attempt at participatory video with the interview participants also contribute to the grounded theory.
The quantitative strand uses the New Zealand Integrated Data Infrastructure to analyse the government service usage of a cohort of formerly homeless women. It highlights the ways in which government support systems fail vulnerable people. Despite high rates of interactions with government services, these women still became homeless and needed Housing First support. These findings demonstrate how a similarly under-researched group of women experience poverty and homelessness, and provides an intersectional understanding of how LGBTIQ+ women can potentially experience homelessness.
Experiences of Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness are diverse and multi-faceted. The phenomenon is produced by multiple systems of oppression and failures of government support systems. These experiences were characterised by; poverty, shame, stigma, instability, and poor mental wellbeing. There is a need for targeted support for Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness in Aotearoa New Zealand. Furthermore, this thesis highlights the importance of focusing on addressing the structural, systemic, causes of Takatāpui/LGBTIQ+ homelessness—over problematising the individual and their actions—to understand and address the phenomenon
Testing a theory of Islamic corporate reporting : the case of Malaysia
No full textThis study examines the validity of a theory of lslamic Corporate Reporting proposed by Baydoun and Willett (1994). Specifically, the theory suggests that Islamic communities would be better served by a corporate reporting model which includes a current value financial position statement and a value added statement. Baydoun and Willett's normative model was developed based on what Muslims ought to desire (the desirable). To determine if the desirable aligns with what Muslims actually desire (the desired), the theory was empirically tested in this thesis by reference to Muslim and non-Muslim users in Malaysia and New Zealand.
Data was collected through a questionnaire survey and a quasi-experiment. Survey respondents comprised of accountants, bank lending officers, financial analysts and zakat officers. Subjects for the quasi-experiment comprised final year accounting students of four universities, three in Malaysia and one in New Zealand. Primarily, the study examines perception differences between Muslims and non-Muslims relating to the usefuh1ess of the current value balance sheet and the value added statement. The thesis also investigates the difference in perceived usefulness between two types of financial statements: differences between the current value balance sheet and the historical cost balance sheet, and differences between the value added statement and the income statement by Muslims and non-Muslims separately.
Overall the hypothesis that Muslims and non-Muslims would differ in their perceptions of the usefulness of the current value balance sheet and the value added statement have not been supported by the results of this study. Similarly, there was very little evidence to show that Muslims would prefer the value added statement over the profit and loss account or the current value financial position statement over the historical cost balance sheet. The results regarding non-Muslims were similar. Thus, superficially, there appears to be little to support the contention that the cultural context of human activities (of which religion is a significant part) is relevant to financial reporting.
However, such empirical findings have to be interpreted with care. To ask questions concerning the proper form of accounting in an Islamic society, which is ultimately an ethical matter, it is necessary to invoke a purposive dimension in the search for answers. The way things are does not necessarily imply the way things should be. It may be, for example, that the technology of accounting which has been imported into Islamic communities is destructive of their values in some instances. This issue (i.e. the reasons why accounting is what it is in Islamic societies today and not based on what it apparently should be) is developed in significance as the research progresses. It becomes a central theme in the later stages of the thesis
Modern Treaty Making and the Limits of the Law
No full textIn recent years, several Australian states have formally committed to treaty negotiations with the First Peoples whose traditional lands they claim. The emerging treaty processes in Australia build on both the comprehensive land claim agreements currently under negotiation in Canada, as well as the historic treaties struck between First Peoples and colonial powers in North America and Aotearoa New Zealand. Parties engaged in these negotiations appropriately view treaties as mechanisms through which First Peoples and non-Indigenous political communities can settle ongoing tensions surrounding political autonomy, citizenship, and pluralism. However, it is not clear whether these processes can produce such outcomes. In this paper, we contend that although fairer processes of negotiation may avoid some of the problems of historic treaties, modern treaty making in Canada, Australia, and elsewhere, will fail to meet the parties’ aspirations unless greater attention is paid to building relational characteristics. We do so by outlining the promises and perils in modern treaty making with an eye towards understanding the limits of the law.Peer Reviewe