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A new way of being church : a case study approach to Cityside Baptist Church as Christian faith "making do" in a postmodern world
No full textNew forms of liturgy and church have recently emerged in Western Protestantism. This includes "alternative worship"; defined as liturgical innovation characterised by communal participation, employment of popular cultural resources, a rediscovery of ancient liturgy and an appreciation of creativity and the arts. This thesis critically examines the claim that such "alternative worship" groups are an expression of postmodern religious life by exploring the practices of Cityside Baptist Church, in Aotearoa New Zealand. It situates their liturgical innovation as a "making do" - multiple transformative processes which creatively subvert their surrounding context. This "making do" is an application of the work of Michel de Certeau and his interpretive work on culture and context.
This thesis employs a practical theology methodology to read communal practices as a body of theological data. This allows the critical excavation of a living theology from "down under." Cityside is located in relation to their surrounding context, firstly of religious decline and charismatic dominance and secondly of a postmodern fragmentation into an individualised search for meaning, an emergence of tribal communities and a re-negotiated relationship with the Other.
Given this contextual siting, survey analysis and focus group interviews are employed to read Cityside as a group in rupture from Evangelical/Pentecostal/Charismatic religious dominance who identify themselves as postmodern. They have developed liturgical practices that value community, creativity and an engagement with culture.
These three themes then guide an examination of Cityside's every[sun]day liturgical practices through participant observation.
Firstly, the fault lines of Cityside are read as a "making do" with a communitarian hermeneutic. In response to experiences of rupture, Cityside offers a unique gathered community of choice in which the individual is invited to find meaning. This "making do" with a communitarian hermeneutic is then applied to re-read tradition as dialogue with other contextual communities one generation removed from Jesus. It is further argued that at Cityside Biblical text is read as a communal experience of shared rupture.
Secondly, Cityside's "making do" with a communitarian hermeneutic creates an imaginative space that allows both a communal and individual "making do." Imagination as rupture, fragmentation and play are used to analyse selected liturgical practices - storytelling, art images and labyrinth as pilgrimage - at Cityside. Imagination is referenced as a play of natality that re-reads both Christian anthropology and the ironic deconstruction of much postmodern discourse.
Thirdly, the ethics of relationship with the Other are a key dimension of postmodern discourse. The metaphor of DJing is introduced to argue that Cityside employs a "tactic" of sampling as a further dimension of its "making do." This allows Cityside a renegotiated relationship with the Other of gospel and culture. The practice of DJ sampling is then located within a tradition of marginal creative communities who produce marginalia as an authentic and creative re-reading of tradition.
Hence, Cityside's life contains multiple transformative practices that are both continuous and discontinuous with reference to both postmodern culture and the Christian tradition. Cityside Baptist Church is read as Christian faith "making do" in a postmodern world
Clinical anatomy of the subacromial and related shoulder bursae
No full textThe shoulder is complex from both functional and biomechanical perspectives, with shoulder disorders affect a large proportion of adults at some stage in their life and are the most common musculoskeletal complaint in people over 65 years of age.
The bursae associated with the shoulder are essential for normal movement and are also implicated in the pathogenesis of shoulder pain and dysfunction. The subacromial bursa (SAB), situated in the subacromial space, is the largest of the shoulder and considered a primary source of pain. Several other bursae, including the coracobrachial (CBB), subcoracoid (SCB) and subtendinous bursa of subscapularis (SSB), related to the nearby subcoracoid space, are also clinically relevant in terms of shoulder pathology. However, the detailed morphology of all of the shoulder bursae has not been well studied. Narrowing of the subacromial and subcoracoid spaces, the spaces in which the bursae reside, with subsequent impingement of the interposed soft tissues is considered important in the pathogenesis of shoulder pain. The acromiohumeral (AHD) and coracohumeral (CHD) distances are commonly used as a proxy to measure these spaces using ultrasound. However, it is unclear if AHD and CHD are influenced by age and if other variables such as thoracic kyphosis and shoulder muscle strength are related to these measures in a population without shoulder pain.
The main purpose of this thesis was to: (1) systematically review the literature describing the morphology of the subacromial and related shoulder bursae, and describe their associated spaces, including the AHD and CHD; determine the (2) detailed gross and (3) microscopic morphology of the SAB and related shoulder bursae; and (4) examine AHD and CHD in a population without shoulder pain across the lifespan and investigate if certain factors are associated with these measurements.
The systematic review of the main shoulder bursae (SAB, CBB, SCB and SSB) revealed that some morphological aspects of these structures were still unclear. Specifically, further information is required regarding precise bursal location and dimensions, attachments, constancy, and communication between the bursae. In addition, comprehensive histological descriptions, including the type of synovium and the distribution and density of neurovascular structures are lacking. Increased severity of rotator cuff pathology is related to reduced AHD and CHD. However, no normative data are available across the lifespan and little is known regarding the relationship of these measures with factors such as thoracic kyphosis and shoulder strength in people without shoulder pain.
In the anatomical study, the shoulder bursae were examined in 16 embalmed cadaveric shoulders from eight individuals (five female, three male; mean age 78.6 ± 7.9 years) using macro-dissection and histological techniques. Up to four separate bursae were related to the subacromial and subcoracoid spaces. The SAB (5.6 ± 1.6 cm, anterior-posterior; 6.0 ± 1.6 cm, medial-lateral) was a large, constant, separate bursa with a confluent subdeltoid portion in all except one specimen, which displayed an additional subdeltoid bursa. Roof attachments of the SAB included the lateral edge and inferior surface of the acromion and coracoacromial ligament and the subdeltoid fascia, and its floor was fused with the underlying supraspinatus tendon and greater tubercle. The extensive expanse and attachments of this bursa supports adoption of the term subacromial-subdeltoid bursa. The CBB (2.6 ± 0.9 cm, superior-inferior; 2.3 ± 1.0 cm, medial-lateral) was present in all but one specimen and located deep to the tip of the coracoid process and the conjoint tendon of coracobrachialis and short head of biceps brachii. The SCB (1.6 ± 0.5 cm, superior-inferior; 1.5 ± 0.5 cm, medial-lateral) was inconstant (5/16) and positioned deep the coracoid process. The SSB (2.6 ± 1.1 cm, superior-inferior; 2.8 ± 1.0 cm, medial lateral) was always present and located deep to the subscapularis tendon. The SSB commonly displayed a superior extension. This projected underneath the root of the coracoid process and often overhung the upper edge of the subscapularis tendon anteriorly coming into close proximity with the CBB or SCB.
The synovium was predominantly areolar in the SAB and SSB, and fibrous in the CBB and SCB. There was a higher proportion of areolar synovium in all the bursal roofs compared to their floors. Blood vessels were identified in all sections (n = 43), with a median density of 3% of the tissue surface area, being greatest in the SSB and SAB roofs (4.9% and 3.4%, respectively) and least in the SAB floor (1.8%) and CBB roof and floor (both 1.6%). Nerve bundles and free nerve endings were identified in the subintima in over a third (15/43, 34.8%) of the samples; few specialised mechanoreceptors were present in deeper tissue layers. The median density was 1.6 per mm2, varying between 0.8 per mm2 in the SSB roof and 7.1 per mm2 in the CBB roof.
In the ultrasound study, volunteers (n = 104) without a history of shoulder pain were recruited into five stratified groups between 18-80 years. Measurements of AHD and CHD and tendon thickness were taken in various shoulder positions using ultrasound. In general, intra- and inter-rater reliability of all sonographic outcome variables were good to excellent. The relationship between the outcome variables (AHD and CHD) with several primary (age and thoracic kyphosis index) and secondary (isometric shoulder strength, height, weight, body mass index and level of shoulder activity) independent variables were examined using uni- and multivariable linear regression analysis.
When all independent variables were controlled for, age and thoracic kyphosis were not associated with AHD and CHD. Positive, yet small, relationships were evident between isometric abduction strength and AHD (in neutral) and between height and CHD (in internal rotation and flexion), but not for the remaining variables.
Morphologically, the strong attachments of the bursal roof and floor along with their mobile edges imply that that there are fixed and mobile portions of the SAB and related shoulder bursae, which enable movement in relation to the surrounding structures. The presence of neurovascular structures demonstrates that these bursae have the potential to contribute blood supply to surrounding structures and while they are likely involved in nociception, their role in proprioception is less certain. Acromiohumeral distance and CHD do not appear to change across the lifespan in a population without shoulder pain and are not influenced by normal thoracic kyphosis.
The anatomical details presented in this research clarify the location, size, and relationships of the shoulder bursae, supplemented by histological findings that offer further insight into their potential function. Novel, normative data on AHD and CHD provide an essential basis for interpreting research focussed on these ultrasonographic measurements in people with shoulder pathology and pain
People and processes during decision-making in open source software communities: A case study of Python
No full textOpen Source Software Development (OSSD) communities are often able to produce high quality software comparable to proprietary software. The success of an OSSD community is often attributed to the underlying governance model, and a key component of these models is the decision-making stage. Most studies on OSSD communities, particularly those that focus on decision-making involving people and processes, have adopted a qualitative lens to study decision-making, rather than undertaking a data-driven, empirical study. This work aims to bridge this gap by pursuing a large-scale quantitative study based on data available in Python development email archives.
There are two parts to this study: people and processes. The first part of this thesis investigates members’ involvement during different stages of decision-making and the participant patterns for different types of proposals. It also uses Social Network Analysis (SNA) to identify the core decision-makers in Python. Amongst these core contributors, this thesis also identifies those decision-makers who contribute in multiple ways (i.e. perform multiple roles) and thus form the boundary spanners in OSSD. Based on this, we propose an approach to identify a replacement administrator that can take charge of the community if the current leader is no longer able to contribute.
The second part of this thesis addresses the need to make hidden decision-making processes more explicit. Even when such processes are publicly documented, the rationale for the various steps in a decision-process often remain hidden. To address these gaps, this thesis presents the Decision-Making Process (DeMaP) miner framework that employs NLP techniques and a data-driven, bottom-up approach to extract the decision-making process from email discussions. This thesis also presents a mechanism that can be used to infer the rationale behind how OSS enhancement decisions were reached (e.g. based on developer consensus or administrator pronouncement).
The thesis makes two main contributions. First, it makes a knowledge contribution by a) highlighting the involvement patterns of members during decision-making in different types of proposals and different states within these proposals, b) identifying key decision makers and boundary spanners in the Python OSSD community, c) extracting the Python decision-making process, and d) determining the rationale behind specific decisions. Second, it makes a methodological contribution in the form of a framework (DeMaP miner) that can be used to mine the decision-making processes and the rationale behind decisions (Rationale miner), both in the Python community and in other similar OSSD communities
Bridging the gap between evidence and what people value from osteoarthritis care in New Zealand using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA)
No full textInternational clinical practice guidelines (CPG) for osteoarthritis (OA) consistently recommend core management strategies of exercise, weight-loss and self-management education. However, these interventions are not routinely delivered or taken up by people experiencing OA, resulting in a tendency to deliver low-value care. Tailoring the delivery of recommended OA care to the preferences of stakeholders in a health system may help support greater implementation of high-value OA care. However, little is known about the preferences of stakeholders for evidence and recommendations for OA care in a CPG.
The aim of this research was to establish a framework to prioritise knee interventions for managing OA and evaluate the relative importance of these interventions across the healthcare sector in New Zealand (NZ) using multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA).
This research used a mixed-methods approach to develop the MCDA framework. The first stage involved focus group discussions to generate a thematic framework of what OA consumers, health care providers, policy-makers, Māori representatives and OA experts consider in their choice of knee OA interventions. A Delphi survey was used to verify the thematic analysis and rank the most important criteria concerning the characteristics of interventions; these findings informed the criteria selected in the second stage.
In the second stage, interventions were indirectly prioritised by systematically combining preference data with intervention performance data on the criteria. First, a survey involving trade-offs was used to measure stakeholders’ preferences, represented as ‘weights’, within and between the criteria. Evidence for the performance of 15 recommended knee OA interventions were then extracted from a CPG for hip and knee OA, and rated on the criteria according to their level of achievement (e.g. high, medium, low). To prioritise the interventions, a total score for each intervention was calculated by summing the weights associated with the intervention ratings, after which they were ranked by importance. Associations between the weights and stakeholder groups were explored using regression analysis.
Thematic analysis of data from six focus groups produced a framework comprising three overarching categories, consisting of characteristics of the: (i) intervention, (ii) consumer and (iii) health system. Participants identified and ranked nine characteristics of interventions; the most important eight were included in the MCDA framework. The choice-based survey revealed that stakeholders valued the intervention characteristics, in decreasing order of importance (weight): Recommendation (19.0%), Quality of evidence (17.7%), Effectiveness (15.0%), Duration of effect (13.2%), Risk of serious harm (12.8%), Risk of mild side-effects (9.4%), Cost (6.6%) and Accessibility (6.3%). Total scores for the 15 guideline-recommended interventions revealed that for first-, second- and third-line OA care respectively, all land-based exercise (total score= 71.7%), NSAIDs (topical) (74.2%) and total joint replacement (74.3%) were ranked first. For first-, second- and third-line OA care, the recommended core interventions of weight management and self-management education ranked between 11th and 15th (48.0% to 56.0%). Regression analysis identified only small differences in weights (≤5.7%; p<0.01) between stakeholder groups. These findings suggest that stakeholders’ preferences for the core interventions of weight management and self-management education represent a system-wide barrier to their implementation.
This research addresses an important knowledge gap concerning cross-sectoral stakeholders’ preferences for knee OA interventions in a CPG. By inclusively, systematically and transparently incorporating what matters to people with evidence and recommendations in a CPG, the MCDA framework developed in this thesis can help support the design of patient-centred, high-value healthcare for people experiencing OA
The Two Lawyers
No full textSouthan's novel is set in the fledgling New Zealand town of Timaru and the boisterous goldfields of 1860's Victoria. One lawyer, Frank Perry, is a pillar of manly rectitude, while the other, John Hobart, is a dastardly villain. All the elements of grand adventure jostle for the reader's attention: gold robbery, shady land deals, beard-growing disguises, a father in search of a lost daughter and a hero in search of love. The heroine, the angelic Louisa Branscombe, hovers in the background but is rewarded when the hero eventually recognises his true love. The plot is tortuous, but in the end good prevails and the villains meet their nasty ends, just as they should in any Victorian melodrama
Catalysts for the hydrogen evolution reaction
No full textThere are many acute global challenges which have the potential for unprecedented adverse impacts on human health and global ecosystems. These include climate change, exceptional wildfires, and ocean acidification, all of which are to a great extent due to the ongoing large scale combustion of fossil fuels, as this leads to ever increasing concentrations of greenhouse gases such as CO2 in the atmosphere. Therefore the development of carbon neutral, or better still carbon zero (green H2), future fuels, with production driven by green energy (renewables, such as hydro, solar, wind or wave generated energy) is an urgent necessity. For this approach to be widely adopted, it is essential that new, active, yet long-lived catalysts, based on cheap, abundant metals, be developed. Presented in this thesis is the synthesis of three literature and six new copper, nickel and cobalt complexes for the purpose of catalysing the hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) under both photo and electrocatalytic conditions. These compounds are also tested as catalysts for the photocatalytic CO2 reduction reaction (CO2RR).
Chapter 1 provides an introduction to current global climate challenges, and how green hydrogen is an excellent candidate to address those challenges. Then an outline of current methods used for hydrogen production is given, followed by some examples of materials active as catalysts for hydrogen production, along with a brief description of the general metrics used for evaluation of catalytic performance. The common proposed HER mechanisms are presented. This is followed by a brief introduction to CO2 reduction reactions (CO2RR) and a summary of previous work on diphenylamine based macrocyclic complexes. Finally, the aims of this work are presented.
Chapter 2 summarises the multiple-step literature synthesis of the key ligand precursors, ethyl-2-iodobenzoate (I), diphenylamine-2,2'-diethylbenzoate (II), diphenylamine-2,2'-dimethanol (III) and diphenylamine-2,2'-dicarboxaldehyde, (IV), as well as three of the four macrocycles made in this work, the N4-donor [1+1] Schiff base macrocycle formed from IV and diethylenetriamine (HLEt), and two new functionalised analogues, HLEt-allyl and HLEt-propgl, formed by alkylation of the alkyl NH in HLEt with an appropriate alkyl bromide reagent.
In Chapter 3 the synthesis of two new N5-donor Schiff base ligands, the macrocycle HLEt-MePy (accessed by 2-bromomethylpyridine alkylation of HLEt) and noncyclic HLEtPy2 (condensation of IV and two 2-aminoethylpyridine) is described. Literature [CuIILEt]BF4 (1), and new
[CuIILEt-MePy]BF4 (2) and [CuIILEtPy2]BF4 (3), were prepared, and 2 and 3 were structurally characterised. The performance of these three copper complexes as catalysts for HER in non-aqueous solvents under photo- and electrocatalytic conditions is analysed.
In Chapter 4 further electrocatalytic HER testing of the most promising complex, [CuIILEt]BF4 (1), in neutral aqueous phosphate buffer is reported.
In Chapter 5 two new nickel complexes of the above N5-donor Schiff base ligands, macrocycle HLEt-MePy and noncyclic HLEtPy2, [NiIILEt-MePy]BF4 (5) and [NiIILEtPy2]BF4 (6) along with the literature [NiIILEt]BF4 (4), were prepared and 5 and 6 structurally characterised. The performance of these three nickel complexes as catalysts for HER in non-aqueous solvents under photo- and electrocatalytic conditions is analysed.
In Chapter 6 two new cobalt complexes of the above N5-donor Schiff base ligands,
[CoIIILEt-MePy)(BF4)2 (8) and [CoIILEtPy2]BF4 (9) along with the literature [CoIILEt]BF4 (7), were prepared and 8 and 9 were structurally characterised. The performance of these three cobalt complexes as catalysts for HER in non-aqueous solvents under photo- and electrocatalytic conditions is analysed.
In Chapter 7 the nine complexes synthesised in the previous chapters 1-9 are tested as catalysts for the carbon dioxide reduction reaction (CO2RR) under photocatalytic conditions.
In chapter 8 the key results of this work are summarised.
Prosopopoeia in Ciceronian Oratory
No full textThis thesis examines the form and function of prosopopoeia in Cicero’s speeches. Prosopopoeia – the rhetorical device in which an orator fabricates and delivers a discourse as another character – offers an alternative to the orator’s own speech for the communication of information and emotion. The most recent study on the device, D.S. Mayfield’s Variants of Rhetorical Ventriloquism, suggests that “it is always significant rhetorically in whose mouth words are being put – at what time, in which context and whose presence, by which means, and (above all) in the interest of what or whom” (Mayfield 2019, 147-148). This study seeks to evaluate Mayfield’s claim in the practice of Ciceronian oratory by examining when Cicero used the device, whom he portrayed, and how the device contributed to his persuasive aims.
A preliminary examination of extant rhetorical theory up to and including Quintilian provides context for Cicero’s practice, identifying a range of potential effects the device could enact. Ancient theory also raises several questions about taxonomical distinctions between types of prosopopoeia, which are briefly discussed to further contextualise Cicero’s practice. Following this, eight of Cicero’s speeches are discussed in chronological order: Pro Quinctio; Pro Roscio Amerino; In Verrem 2.5; the First Catilinarian; Pro Caelio; In Pisonem; Pro Plancio; and Pro Milone. Notable prosopopoeiae in these speeches are identified and evaluated in relation to their persuasive effect on the audience, identifying a diverse range of uses for the device such as generating indignation or pity, and the delineation of characters. Particular attention is paid to the significance of the choice of speaking character and to the emotion generated through the change in speaking-situation.
I argue that several patterns emerge in Cicero’s use of the device, many of which have a grounding in rhetorical theory. Moreover, I suggest that it is possible to divide Cicero’s use of prosopopoeia into three categories based on the type of speaking character: deceased and abstract individuals, representations of a client, and representations of an opponent. This investigation shows that these categories present different means of delineating characters, and are attuned to achieving different persuasive effects
Prognostic Molecular Markers of Response to Radiotherapy in Rectal Cancer
No full textColorectal cancer (CRC) is the second most deadly cancer globally, and 30% of these cancers occur in the rectum. The primary treatment for CRC is surgery, often radiotherapy with adjuvant chemotherapy is used before or following surgical resection.
Treatment carries with it a high cost and side effect burden while response rates remain unpredictable. Approximately 20% of patients have total tumour regression post chemoradiotherapy; however, most patients receive only partial or no benefit from treatment. The ability to predict which patients would benefit from standard treatment and those who should be directed to an alternative treatment or an accelerated pathway to surgery would potentially avoid lengthy and costly treatments that may only cause side effects for patients, improving survival rates and quality of life.
In this study, the microbiome, immune cells and patient gene expression were evaluated for their use as predictive biomarkers for response to chemoradiotherapy in rectal cancer patients. Tumour and adjacent normal tissue biopsies were taken before treatment and had DNA and RNA extracted and sequenced.
First, the methodology for analysing microbiomes via shotgun sequencing data was evaluated and improved, increasing taxonomic assignment accuracy by 11% and potentially decreasing analysis time more than nine-fold. Secondly, the sequencing technologies, Oxford Nanopore, 16S rRNA and RNA-sequencing, were evaluated for their ability to assess the microbiome. The results demonstrated that platforms had concordance with one another; however, this was reduced at the species level.
Third, microbial transcription was used to assess rectal cancer microbiomes, correlating them with response rates. The results showed that microbial diversity did not contribute to radiotherapy response, but that individual microbes may influence response. It was hypothesised that species such as Hungatella hathewayi, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Butyricimonas faecalis, Alistipes finegoldii, Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, and B. fragilis may contribute to tumour regression by modulating metabolism and immune responses.
Third, the abundance of infiltrating immune cells was predicted using RNA-Sequencing data. Analysis indicated that the abundance of M1 macrophages and resting mast cells were correlated with response, while microbial transcription was correlated with the abundance of allergic and anti-tumour effector cells, as well as antigen-presenting cells. It was hypothesised that the microbiome might modulate anti-tumour immune responses directly, and indirectly by altering the tumour microenvironment. Microbes may help maintain a population of anti-tumour effector and antigen-presenting cells for tumour-antigen presentation during tumour cell death and neo-antigen uptake, which may be otherwise exhausted by targeting aspects of the inflammatory tumour microenvironment (i.e., lipid phagocytosis, anti-bacterial and allergic responses).
Lastly, machine-learning was employed to establish a panel of molecular biomarkers predictive of response, including microbial transcription, immune cells and gene expression. The final model demonstrated the ability to predict response with a 7% overall error rate, and that predicting response relied mostly on normal and tumour tissue gene expression, and tumour infiltrating immune cells.
This study provides a panel of prognostic biomarkers which could be utilised to predict patient response. Additionally, it provides evidence for microbial-immune interactions that could be manipulated to enhance treatment and increase response rates
E Tū Kahikatea: An Evaluation of the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship at the University of Otago
No full textThe purpose of this thesis is to evaluate the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship at the University of Otago. The Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship is a recruitment intervention that assists Māori secondary school leavers who may be socio-economically and, or educationally disadvantaged to enter into and through the Foundation Year Health Sciences course at the University of Otago Language Centre and Foundation Year. Tū Kahika aims to increase academic preparedness of Māori secondary school leavers for future tertiary health sciences study and a career in Māori health. Tū Kahika has reached its 10 year anniversary and it is timely to undertake a detailed evaluation that will investigate the effectiveness of Tū Kahika in relation to academic pathways, and its impact on recipients.
This thesis has four main research questions:
(1) What is the socio-demographic and education profile of the recipients of the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship?
(2) What is the impact of Tū Kahika on the recipients of the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship?
(3) What are the recommendations for quality-improvement of the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship?
(4) To what extent is the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship transferrable to other educational settings?
This evaluation used a two-phase, mixed-methods quantitative and qualitative design steeped in Kaupapa Māori Evaluation methodology. An online survey to all Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship recipients (2010-2019), followed by ten kanohi-ki-te-kanohi (face to face) semi-structured qualitative interviews were used.
Findings suggest that the socio-demographic and education profile of recipients of the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship is diverse and positively contributing towards increasing the Māori student population at the University of Otago. Results suggest that the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship is positively impacting recipients academically, financially and through increasing sense of belonging at university.
This research identified four critical success factors of Tū Kahika including whakawhanaungatanga (fostering a sense of family and community amongst Māori students working together to achieve goals and having a wide peer support network), mana motuhake (empowering students to have a positive university experience), manaakitanga (providing holistic, wrap-around support) and tino rangatiratanga (prioritising Māori student success at university). This research also identified resource-dependent and non-resource dependent suggestions for improvement. Resource-dependent suggestions include more financial, academic, pastoral and hauora hinengaro (mental health) support, as well as more opportunities for whakawhanaungatanga (process of establishing relationships, relating well to others), tuākana-tēina (older sibling – younger sibling relationship) engagement, Kaupapa Māori and te reo Māori. Non-resource dependent suggestions include encouragement to keep extra-curricular activities, part-time jobs etc. and encouragement to expand social circles beyond fellow Tū Kahika scholarship recipients.
In conclusion, this research highlights that the Tū Kahika Foundation Year Scholarship is impacting recipients positively through the identified critical success factors. These critical success factors are transferable to other educational settings delivering foundation-level learning for Māori secondary school leavers
NZDep2018 analysis of census 2018 variables - DHB12: MidCentral
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/