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New Zealand Deprivation Index 2018 - TA44: Porirua City
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
State housing in Dunedin.
No full text[…] This study has been undertaken with a view to furthering research on residents of State housing areas, with particular reference to their satisfaction with housing. The study is set in Dunedin. As such it is intended to help in clearing up some of the misunderstanding on State housing, and on State house residents in New Zealand, that might have been created through the lack of such information. […]
The first objective of this study is to assess whether two State housing suburbs in Dunedin – Halfway Bush and Brockville – are demographically and socio-economically imbalanced communities. This objective will be achieved by examining the age structure, marital status, ethnicity, employment status, occupation and income of residents (comprising both tenants and owner occupiers) in Halfway Bush and Brockville.
The second objective of this study is to evaluate resident satisfaction with various aspects of housing in these two State housing suburbs of Dunedin. This will be achieved by measuring the satisfaction expressed by the residents (both tenants and owner occupiers) in Halfway Bush and Brockville with reference to three attributes of housing: the house, the section and the neighbourhood. As a result, the study hopes to show whether the factor of tenancy status (resulting from changes in government policy in 1950 as discussed above) is related to consumer satisfaction with the different attributes of State housing. The study will also show whether the various criticisms made about State housing suburbs have a valid empirical basis. […] [Extract from Introduction
The Deification of Process in Canada’s Duty to Consult: Tsleil-Waututh Nation v Canada (Attorney General)
No full textThis article considers the limitations in Canada’s duty to consult with Aboriginal peoples as recently articulated in Tsleil-Waututh Nation v Canada (Attorney General). There, six Indigenous applicants challenged Canada’s approval of Trans Mountains’ pipeline expansion project. In a review of that case, this article argues that the Court magnifies a previously established distinction between procedural design and procedural execution, which contributes to a deification of process. This deification of process is problematic, at a basic level, because it enables the Court to winnow the range of substantive topics that requires First Nations consultation by treating them as process ‘design’ features that Canada has discretion over. At the same time, the Court requires Canada to alter its ‘execution’ of the consultation processes to ensure meaningful two-way dialogue, which has the possibility, but not a guarantee, of substantive alterations. By ensuring that there is the possibility of substantive alterations, the Court’s deification of process in its articulation of Canada’s duty to consult provides the illusion that it facilitates substantive accommodations as it virtually guarantees project construction. More problematically, the Court’s deification of provides the illusion of efficacious federalism that advances a form of legal positivism that eclipses important political-economic concerns.Peer Reviewe
New Zealand interest and participation in the Labour traffic prior to Bishop Patteson's death, 21 September 1871
No full textAs interest in the virgin Pacific Islands grew in the 1860s, it was inevitable that those New Zealanders closely involved in the peculiar difficulties of cotton plantations should see the recruitment of labour with the cold eye of necessity. Their narrow-minded countrymen loved to be shocked by the moving reports of Melanesian missionaries regarding traffic in human souls. Theses said, “We know of causes, induced… enticed… secured… seized…detained…” (Report of the Melanesian Mission, 1870, pp.3&4); and New Zealand men and vessels did not escape the well-founded condemnation. On an official level, the Britain of the South did not recognize such practices and endeavoured to impress its integrity upon the Colonial Office. It is within the scope of this essay to examine the nature, extent and purpose of any New Zealand participation, and where possible to assess the immediate and potential importance of that participation. [Extract from Introduction
Fluoride intakes of 15-18 year-old adolescent males living in New Zealand
No full textBackground: Fluoride has an important role in the prevention of tooth decay. Given the naturally low concentrations of fluoride in New Zealand’s water supplies, the Ministry of Health recommend fluoridating water supplies to 0.7-1.0 mg/L to offer an oral health benefit. There is limited research surrounding the fluoride intakes of different age groups in New Zealand, including the contribution of fluoridated water, particularly in adolescents.
Objective: To determine the contribution of water, toothpaste, and food towards overall fluoride intakes in adolescent males living in fluoridated and non-fluoridated locations in New Zealand.
Design: This research was undertaken as part of the Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment and Lifestyle (SuNDiAL) project, a nationwide survey that aimed to evaluate the dietary intakes and habits, nutritional status, health status, motivations, attitudes, 24-hour activity patterns, and screen time habits of high school students in New Zealand. Fluoride intakes from all sources were estimated for 91 participants from six high schools, using two 24-hour recalls, to estimate water and food contribution, and an oral health questionnaire, to estimate the contribution of fluoride from toothpaste.
Results: The mean daily fluoride intake for the 44 participants in fluoridated locations was 2.88 ± 0.75 mg/day, and for the 47 participants in non-fluoridated locations it was 0.87 ± 0.47 mg/day. The contribution of water to the total daily mean fluoride intake was 71% and 17% in fluoridated and non-fluoridated locations, respectively. The contribution of toothpaste was 16% and 51% in fluoridated and non-fluoridated locations, respectively. The adequate intake for fluoride of 3 mg/day was met by 24% of participants, all of whom lived in fluoridated locations.
Conclusion: The primary sources of fluoride in these adolescent males was obtained from toothpaste and, for those living in fluoridated areas, water. Only 24% of participants met the adequate intake for fluoride, and all lived in fluoridated locations, highlighting the significant impact water fluoridation has on total fluoride intake in adolescent males.
Key Words: fluoride, adolescence, males, New Zealand, fluoridatio
Normalising the ‘ugly’ to Reduce Food Waste: Exploring the Socialisations that Form Appearance Preferences for Fresh Fruits and Vegetables
No full textFruits and vegetables that fail to conform to an aesthetic standard are labelled suboptimal and are often devalued and ultimately discarded. Although consumers perceive suboptimal produce negatively, little is known about how these perceptions are formed and indeed the socialisation process behind them. Using 11 focus group discussions with New Zealand children aged 5–11 years (N = 97), this study explores these socialisations. The results show that family practises around growing and repurposing suboptimal produce, learning about suboptimal produce waste, and acting on that knowledge when making produce choices, facilitates the acceptance of suboptimal produce. Alternatively, observations of parents' produce choice behaviours, and parents' instructions or norms for choosing, preparing, and eating produce socialise the rejection of suboptimal produce. The implications of the study show how environmental sustainability with respect to the food waste problem could be effectively addressed if public policy moves towards strategies that “normalise” suboptimal produce. The interventions recommended show how public campaigns would be more effective by targeting children, who are not only concerned about environmental sustainability, but also through their growing agency and positive pester‐power may influence households to reconsider how food is valued
A Qualitative Study of Malaysian Parents’ Purchase Intention of Functional Weaning Foods using the Theory of Planned Behavior
No full textIn this study, qualitative research methods were used to explore the behavioral, normative, and control beliefs underpinning parents’ decisions to purchase functional weaning food products.Seven focus groups were conducted with 44 parents in two locations in Malaysia (Sabah and Selangor). Based on the Theory of Planned Behavior theoretical framework, participants were prompted with questions about commercial weaning foods including functional weaning foods and shown several different products to stimulate discussion. Important behavioral beliefs (product attributes, babies’ needs and suitability of the product, perceived healthiness), referrals and influences (family and friends’ opinions and experiences, internet and social media influence, health professionals’ recommendation and advice) and facilitating and inhibiting factors (trust and confidence, brand and cost, and product availability and options) were identified. Overall functional weaning food purchase intention was influenced positively and negatively by behavioral, normative and control beliefs. To increase the awareness and commercial product knowledge on weaning food are suitable for their children, more information on functional weaning food products from reliable sources that can reach the parents and other potential customers is needed. Government, health professionals and manufacturers should work together to develop a better way to inform parents about functional weaning foods
J’écris donc je fuis. Petite métaphysique de l’évolution du style littéraire en France, de Stendhal à Emmanuel Carrère
No full textStyle is a matter of life and death. Since Homer, the main literary themes have changed little: love, family, nature, society, power. Ceaselessly renewed by times and personalities of each epoch, the interpretation of these themes warranted the literature’s own value and survival. Without this renewal by style (which is above all a matter of deconstructing previous renewals), the reader would find herself/himself in the situation of Phil Connors – the main character of the film Groundhog Day (1993) – who, entrapped in a time-loop, wakes up every morning condemned to eternally replicate the day before. It is by fleeing the deadly comforts of completion that authors and literature reinvent themselves. The history of style, in short, could be summed up as that of the alternation of its both destructive and revitalizing impulses: Je reformule, donc je suis. I reformulate therefore I am.
To illustrate this idea, I examined the major ruptures that have punctuated the contemporary history of literary style in France, based on the example of a few authors, from Stendhal to the very contemporary Emmanuel Carrère.
After an introduction where I aimed to demonstrate a particular link between the French reader and style – some sort of French national challenge beyond literature – I dedicated the first four chapters to four major authors of the second half of the 19th century. During this period of time, we see resurging a real “modernity” of the writing tone. The authors I consider very important for this period are Stendhal, Flaubert, Rimbaud and Mallarmé.
Those years were followed by a brief surrealist episode, starting in 1920. It would end by breaking the last dam of classical literature. Hence my choice to examine the contribution of two of the most pioneering figures of the 20th century: Marcel Proust and Louis-Ferdinand Céline.
The second half of my thesis is dedicated to the modern period: certainly the Nouveau Roman, but equally, starting with the 90s, the arrival of the subject – je – which anticipates the success of the autofiction.
The problem of style can only be faced straight. That’s why I opted to explore mainly a corpus of primary literature.
To walk the talk, I considered important for my thesis a breakdown of a creative writing workshop that I directed in Paris in 2019. The workshop was called Dire les choses. I thought it was important to include this workshop in order to show how the percentage of writing (écrire) and writing about ourselves (s’écrire) forces us to face a major existential challenge: Distinguish oneself in order to avoid being diluted in the style and reflection of others.
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RÉSUMÉ
Le style est une question de vie ou de mort. Expliquons-nous : les grands thèmes d’inspiration ont assez peu évolué depuis Homère : l’amour, la famille, la nature, la société, le pouvoir. C’est uniquement à l’interprétation de ces thèmes, sans cesse renouvelée au gré des époques et d’individualités marquantes, que la littérature doit son sel et sa survie, au même titre que c’est à l’évolution des idées et des découvertes scientifiques que le monde occidental doit ses croyances et ses raisons d’espérer.
Sans cette régénération par le style (qui est avant tout affaire de déconstruction des renouvellements antérieurs), le lecteur se retrouverait dans la situation de Phil Connors qui, dans le film Groundhog Day (1993), se réveille chaque matin condamné à revivre la même journée que la veille. C’est en fuyant le mortifère confort de l’achèvement que se réinventent les auteurs et la littérature. L’histoire du style, en somme, pourrait se résumer à celle de l’alternance de ses pulsions destructrices et revitalisantes : Je reformule donc je suis.
Pour illustrer cette idée, j’ai examiné les ruptures majeures qui ont émaillé l’histoire contemporaine du style littéraire en France à partir de l'exemple de quelques auteurs, depuis Stendhal jusqu’au très contemporain Emmanuel Carrère.
Après une introduction dans laquelle j’ai cherché à démontrer le rapport particulier du lectorat français au style, enjeu national s’étendant bien au-delà de la seule littérature, j’ai consacré les quatre premiers chapitres à quatre auteurs emblématiques de la deuxième moitié du dix-neuvième siècle, période au cours de laquelle s’élabore et s’installe une véritable « modernité » de ton : Stendhal, Flaubert, Rimbaud et Mallarmé.
Après une bref épisode surréaliste qui, dès 1920, achève de rompre les digues du classicisme, j’ai choisi de remettre en perspective l’apport des deux figures les plus novatrices et les plus déterminantes du vingtième siècle littéraire français : Marcel Proust et Louis-Ferdinand Céline.
La seconde partie de ma thèse est consacrée à la « modernité » revendiquée comme telle : le Nouveau Roman, bien sûr, mais aussi, à partir des années 1990, l’avènement d’un « je » absolument intime préfigurant le succès, toujours vérifié aujourd’hui, de l’autofiction.
La question du style ne pouvant s’aborder qu’à mains nues, j’ai pris le parti d’une bibliographie reposant exclusivement sur les textes des auteurs eux-mêmes, et non sur une compilation de références d’études critiques.
Pour joindre le geste à la parole, j’ai attaché en annexe à ma thèse le déroulement d’un atelier d’écriture que j’ai animé à Paris en 2019 et intitulé Dire les choses. Ce choix a notamment pour vertu de montrer combien « écrire » et « s’écrire » nous met chacun face à un défi majeur de notre existence : se singulariser afin de ne pas se diluer dans le style et la pensée des autres
Enhancing the validity of teachers' summative judgments through decision frameworks
No full textCommentators have argued that achievement measures based on teachers’ judgments lack validity (Ward & Thomas, 2016) and introduce bias (Meissel et al., 2017). This thesis addresses this issue by exploring whether decision frameworks can enhance the validity of teachers’ summative judgments. A decision framework is a systematic process used to support and guide judgments. The thesis focusses on a framework developed in New Zealand called the Progress and Consistency Tool (PaCT). Intended for use with students in Years 1 to 10, the PaCT supports teachers to judge how well their students are achieving in reading, writing, and mathematics.
The thesis presents three studies designed to address different aspects of validity. The first study investigated the quality of the measures produced by a decision framework. It used multilevel modelling to explore the relationship between PaCT scores and scores on standardised tests. Study 2 investigated the practical viability of a decision framework. Using survey data collected from teachers and principals in schools that had committed to use the PaCT, the study compared the reactions of users who had some experience of the PaCT with those who were about to use it for the first time. The final study explored the relationship between the content of a decision framework and the measures the framework produces. The study involved the development of a methodology that could be used to describe each of the Rasch measurement scales that underpin the PaCT.
Study 1 found a strong linear relationship between the scores generated by teachers using the PaCT and scores on standardised tests. This supported a hypothesis that both approaches were measuring the same construct. Although the series of multilevel modelling analyses did not find consistent evidence of systematic bias in teachers’ PaCT judgments, the results did suggest a level of idiosyncrasy in the way that teachers made use of the PaCT.
Study 2 showed that educators who had experience using the PaCT were generally more positive about it than those who had no experience. However, school role mattered. On average, classroom teachers recorded lower Attitude and Practicality scores regarding the PaCT than educators who had school leadership roles.
The findings from Study 3 showed that it was possible to develop a robust methodology, based on the Rasch model, to link descriptions of the rich illustrations that form the content of the PaCT to most-probable locations on the underpinning measurement scales. The approach was applied by subject experts to successfully create a rich description of each of the PaCT scales.
Taken together, the findings from the three studies suggest that decision frameworks can enhance the validity of teachers’ summative judgments. However, concerns around idiosyncrasy and practicality did emerge. It is argued that these issues could be mitigated by incorporating decision frameworks into what Wilson described as a “community of judgment” (2005a). Such a community would promote shared responsibility for developing appropriate understandings of the frameworks, including how they are best deployed in diverse educational settings