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Intakes and Food Sources of Fat Among Adolescent Males in New Zealand
No full textIntroduction: Both inadequate and excessive intakes of fat can lead to negative health consequences. Adolescence may be an important period where longer term food habits are formed. This is also a time of increased autonomy around food choice, which may lead to a higher intake of processed foods high in saturated fat. Few studies have assessed intakes and food sources of fat among adolescents. In addition, only a limited number of studies separate males from females or assess fatty acid composition. Also, the most recent data among New Zealand adolescents are dated and up to date information is needed to inform public health initiatives.
Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine current intakes, composition, and the main food contributors of fat in the diets of adolescent males in New Zealand.
Methods: A sample of 135 adolescent males were recruited from high schools in six centres between February 2020 to April 2020. Participants completed questionnaires on demographics and dietary habits, and two multiple pass 24-hour recalls, height, and weight measurements were taken. The Multiple Source Method was used to adjust for intra-personal variation. Statistical comparisons among demographic groups were made by calculating mean differences and 95% confidence intervals between groups to see if they were statistically significantly different. Results: Mean intakes as a percentage of total energy for total, saturated, monounsaturated, and polyunsaturated fats were 37.5%, 14.0%, 13.9%, and 5.6%, respectively. For total fat, 69.6% of participants had intakes above the recommended range. For saturated fatty acids, 3.9% of participants intakes fell within the recommended intake range, and 96.1% exceeded the recommended intake. Monounsaturated fatty acid intakes could not be compared with a recommended range due to New Zealand not having specific recommendations for this nutrient. For polyunsaturated fatty acids, 67.6% of participants fell short of the recommended intake range, while 2.0% exceeded the recommended intake. Intakes of fats by New Zealand Deprivation Index (NZDep), ethnicity, and Z-BMI (body mass index) weight categories were similar with no statistically significant differences.
Poultry was the top contributor of total fat intake, providing 11.9%. The following top contributors were milk (6.7%), grains/pasta (6.7%), bread-based dishes (6.5%), cheese (5.4%), and potatoes/kumara/taro (4.9%). The top five contributors to saturated fat intake were poultry (10.8%), milk (10.2%), cheese (7.8%), bread- based dishes (6.6%), and grains/pasta (6.3%). The top five contributors to monounsaturated fat intake were poultry (14.3%), grains/pasta (6.4%), potatoes/kumara/taro (6.2%), bread-based dishes (6.1%), and nuts/seeds, (5.7%). The top five contributors to polyunsaturated fat intake were poultry (12.3%), grains/pasta (6.9%), potatoes/kumara/taro (6.7%), bread (6.4%), and bread-based dishes (6.1%).
Conclusions: The current study is the most recent cross-sectional study to assess fat intakes of adolescent boys in New Zealand. Findings illustrate an excess in the intake of total and saturated fats, and low intakes of polyunsaturated fat. These results reflect the supporting literature from New Zealand and overseas. It is essential that public health initiatives focus on intake of fats, in order to combat the array of non-communicable diseases influenced by nutrition
Clothing Upcycling in Otago (Ōtākou) and the Problem of Fast Fashion
No full textThis dissertation employs qualitative inductive research methods to address the ‘problem of global fast fashion’. Currently the global production of garments is 62 million tonnes per annum with the majority of production occurring in the world’s poorest countries with limited human rights and labour and environmental protections. From 1994 to 2018 following the easing of trade protections in Developing countries and internationally, there has been a 400% increase in the tonnage of clothing produced internationally. This figure is only escalating. As the level of global clothing waste grows following global clothing consumption rates, the drive to expand the market is fueling the production of vast amounts of poor-quality textiles and resultant textile waste. In Developed countries 67% of textile waste is commercially on-sold as second-hand clothing to mostly Developing countries. The need for ever cheaper fashion production processes creates ethical concerns for global garment workers and those who sort and dispose of garment waste. Garment workers are 80% women and often women of colour living in Developing countries with few employment options.
Meanwhile, textile practitioners and clothing designers in Westernised countries such as New Zealand, are experiencing heightened job precarity and an increasingly diminished space to exercise creativity, sustainable innovation, and social critique. The research interviews local Otago (Ōtākou) textile practitioners who upcycle clothing within their practice assessing how these localised creative actions connect to the larger global ‘slow fashion’ movement, including the ‘clothing upcycling’ movement. This method involves the reutilization of discarded textiles and clothes to make items of a higher value than the original materials. The slow fashion movement uses a systems-based theory to illustrate the global ‘fast fashion’ network demonstrating that constructive input is needed from all players; industry, government, practitioners, and the public/consumer to develop a more sustainable fashion system.
This research takes a practitioner-focused angle to situating the issue of fast fashion viewing clothing upcycling as a form of ‘creative social enterprise’ and a ‘designer/activist’ role necessary in shifting the current fashion consumption and textile waste paradigm. Participants are employing a form of politics through their expression of difference. This politic can also be viewed as a post-human approach to fashion in that it is a movement responding to its time. This also links textile upcycling to historic Western fashion movements responding to Industrialism through a return to crafting.
The reasons the participants upcycle textiles, the textile and design methods they employ, the organising principles within their practice and the ideas they convey through their work all speak to the global fast fashion system and possible sustainable and more equitable fashion alternatives.
As an integral feature of the research design, a public Clothing Upcycling Seminar was held on April 24th, 2019. This day marked the anniversary of the Rana Plaza Disaster. This decision demonstrated support for the Fashion Revolution’s political stance and coordinated approach to critically examine the social and economic inequalities and human and environmental dangers of the global fashion system while celebrating and encouraging international localised slow fashion actions
Associations Between Physical Activity and Fruit and Vegetable consumption in Female Adolescents in New Zealand
No full textBackground: Inadequate physical activity and low fruit and vegetable consumption are arguably the greatest modifiable risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases in adolescents. Physical activity (PA) and fruit and vegetable consumption have been reported previously in this age group, however, the associations between these two health behaviours together has not been heavily researched. Understanding the relationship between these two crucial risk factors is likely to support the development of future public health messages.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate and describe the relationship between physical activity and fruit and vegetable consumption among adolescent females of the SuNDiAL project.
Design: Adolescent females aged 15-18 y were recruited from high schools in 8 regions around New Zealand (NZ). Hip-worn Actigraph GT3X+ accelerometers and self-report wear-time diaries were used for seven consecutive days to measure moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA). Fruit and Vegetable consumption was measured using a dietary habits questionnaire.
Results: Participants performed an average of 43 minutes/day in MVPA, and more than 75% of females failed to meet physical activity guidelines of ≥60 min of MVPA per day. Fruit and vegetable consumption were generally low, with only 27% of females consuming ≥5 serves per day. Physically active females were 4.7 (95%CI: 1.7 to 13.1, p=0.0024) and 2.7 (95%CI: 1.1 to 6.6, p=0.0302) times more likely to meet fruit and total fruit and vegetable intakes respectively, than inactive females.
Conclusion: Physical activity and fruit and vegetable intakes are both insufficient in adolescent females. Girls who were more physically active were also more likely to meet the fruit and vegetable guidelines. It is possible that the facilitators and inhibiting factors associated with meeting both the physical activity and fruit and vegetable guidelines are similar. Further research in this area is clearly needed before targeted public health interventions can be developed or implemented
Magnesium Intakes and the Main Dietary Sources of New Zealand Adolescent Males
No full textBackground: Magnesium is an essential mineral to the human body. During adolescence, rapid rates of growth are accompanied with an increase in nutritional demand for magnesium. Despite its abundance, intakes among adolescent males have been found to be inadequate in many countries. The National Nutrition Survey (NNS) in 1997 found intakes within New Zealand to be adequate, but key dietary sources were not identified. In the later Adult Nutrition Survey (ANS), magnesium intakes were not reported. Due to changes in the food supply, technological developments, consumer preference and behaviours over time it is important to update the information concerning intakes and dietary sources of magnesium for the New Zealand adolescent male population.
Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the magnesium intakes and the main dietary sources among the adolescent male (15-18y) population of New Zealand.
Methods: 135 participants were recruited from six schools across Dunedin, Wellington, Christchurch, Rotorua, Tauranga and Auckland. Participant demographics, health information and dietary habits were assessed through self-administered online questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements were taken and used to assign a BMI-z score to participants. Dietary intake was assessed using two non-consecutive 24-hour recalls. These were performed using a three-pass multiple pass method. Recalls were entered into the dietary analysis software, FoodWorks 9, which was used to calculate energy, macronutrients and micronutrients intake. Foodworks 9 used the 33 food groups included in the Adult Nutrition Survey to identify the main dietary sources of magnesium. Estimation of usual intakes was done using the multiple source method (MSM) programme. The EAR cut point method was used to estimate the prevalence of inadequate intakes within the convenience sample.
Results: Participants had an average age of 16.6 years (SD=0.7) and a BMI z score of +0.4 (SD=1.1). Participants predominately identified as New Zealand European or Other (57%). Based on the 2018 New Zealand Deprivation categories, participants mostly came from moderate levels of deprivation (42%). At least one 24-hour dietary recall was completed by 102 participants. The average median intake of magnesium was 318.3mg/day (25th percentile=259.7, 75th percentile= 364.9) with 61.8% of participants consuming intakes below the estimated average requirement (EAR). The five main dietary sources of magnesium were bread (10.4%), grains and pasta (10.2%), milk (8.9%), poultry (7.7%) and fruit (6.4%). Collectively the food groups ‘grains and cereals’ (26.5%) provided the greatest source of magnesium to participants followed by vegetables and fruit (18.7%), meat, fish, poultry and eggs (16.2%), and milk and milk products (11.9%).
Conclusion: Despite consuming magnesium from a variety of sources, approximately 61.8% of participants consumed intakes below the recommended EAR (340mg/day). This aligns with global literature, which frequently estimates 60-70% of adolescent males consume inadequate intakes. Due to the immediate and subsequent health implications of low magnesium intakes, action to resolve suboptimal intakes may be required. This may include interventions at an individual level (e.g. education) or national level (e.g. fortification, supplementation, subsidies and tax). To justify any action, research using a nationally representative sample is warranted to investigate magnesium intakes and main dietary sources of New Zealand adolescent males
Psychological factors associated with pharmacist involvement in patient-centered services
No full textPharmacists are actively being encouraged to do more patient-centred activities like medicines management, primary care for common ailments, prescribing, and vaccination as their role evolves. However, the adoption of patient-centred services into practice is still low, and we do not know which personality characteristics predict the adoption of these services. The overarching goal of this thesis is to determine what personality characteristics are associated with providing patient-centred services/roles or intent to do in so the future for pharmacy students and pharmacists in New Zealand
The first study was to determine the association between personality characteristics, occupational culture and the provision of patient-centred pharmacy services by pharmacists practising in New Zealand. Specifically, Chapter 3, was undertaken to provide insight into the possible relationships between the Big Five Inventory personality traits and the Organisational Culture Profile traits and other pharmacist behaviour measures like a skill as a patient counsellor, confidence to carry out patient-centred tasks, goal orientation, decision-making skills, and job satisfaction. Chapter 4 further explores whether individual characteristics of pharmacy graduates are associated with engagement in patient-centred pharmacy services. The work conducted in Chapter 4 reveals that pharmacy graduates were excited about their patient-centred roles. Self-efficacy and sense of belonging in the profession were found as key associates with interest in patient-centred services.
Previously identified personality traits in Chapter 4 were tested in Chapter 5 to examine the pharmacy interns’ readiness in providing patient-centred services. However, no significant association was found between the personality and other measures with interest in providing patient-centred services.
Schools and faculties of pharmacy are responsible for the education and training of the future generation of pharmacists. Despite many similarities, pharmacists’ training and scope for engaging with advanced roles differ between provinces of Canada, as well as with New Zealand. In New Zealand, there appears to be a paucity of studies that have addressed the personality traits of pharmacy students or the related challenges to their patient-centred service uptake or provision. Little is known if these characteristics differ among incoming pharmacy students from different countries, with different selection processes and pathways. Therefore, Chapter 6, explored the personality traits and characteristics of entry-level undergraduate pharmacy students at the University of Otago and the University of Waterloo, Canada and examined their differences between students at each institution in their interest in different career roles, and are any of these associated with their personal characteristics.
Finally, there is no longitudinal study which has investigated the personality traits and other variables that influence pharmacy students' desire to engage in traditional and new roles and change in scores compared to their second year of pharmacy programme. This was accomplished through chapter 7 that found intention to perform new roles in fourth-year graduates were associated with a higher score in mastery-approach to learning and linking with the second year response identified higher scores in faith in intuition.
In conclusion, this thesis has identified significant relationships between the interest to provide patient-centred services and a series of personality measures including Big Five Inventory (agreeableness, conscientiousness, and extraversion), Achievement Goals Questionnaire-Revised (mastery-approach, performance-approach), and Self-Efficacy, Counselor Role Orientation (reliance on the doctor). Moreover, entry-level pharmacy students’ had similar personality profiles between Canada and New Zealand. The work conducted in this thesis helps to understand characteristics that predict engagement with patient-centred roles. This work provides the basis for future research that will help shape the future of the profession, especially to aid in the workforce planning process and further work will determine how these personality and learning goals influence pharmacy students’ preparation for future practice
Doing death differently? A digital ethnography of Aotearoa New Zealand death talking communities
No full textFor many people, talking about death may seem unnatural. However, for the death talking community, death is a normal topic of conversation. Death talking is part of a growing global movement of ‘ordinary’ people using online and offline spaces to talk openly about death, share resources, and share personal experiences. Through the use of digital technologies, such as social media, conversations about death span geographical divides meaning that online death talking groups have an international presence.
In New Zealand, the death talking community uses Facebook pages and offline groups, often Death Cafés, to talk openly about death. Facebook provides a relatively accessible space for community members to discuss alternative ways of doing death, dying, and grief in a supportive group of like-minded people. This digital ethnography provides an insight into the New Zealand death talking community and answers how, and why, New Zealand death talkers created online spaces of conversation on Facebook, and what conversations about the death process were made possible through the use of Facebook and through offline meet-ups.
My findings show the value of a community when pushing against normative conversational boundaries in what is perceived as a death-denying ‘western’ society. My findings also show that the death talking community is frustrated with the death practices they are currently experiencing, and are turning to death practices of cultures they romanticise in search of a more ‘natural’ and fulfilling way of doing death. In the search for this ‘natural’ deathway, New Zealand death talkers give authority to the personal experiential knowledge of community members as equally, or even more valid than the professional knowledge of ‘experts’. For New Zealand death talkers, Facebook and other death talking spaces offer people ways to reclaim control and authority over their death, dying, and grief processes
Taxonomy of the Celmisia group (Asteraceae: Astereae)
No full textThe Celmisia group (i.e. an informal taxonomic proposal) belongs to the tribe Astereae of the Asteraceae family. Prior to the work presented in this dissertation, the delimitation of the Celmisia group, based on insights from morphology, chromosome number data, and geographic distributions, included the following genera: Achnophora (1 sp.), Celmisia (68 spp.), Damnamenia (1 sp.), Olearia (ca 180 spp.) in part, Pachystegia (3 spp.), and Pleurophyllum (3 spp.) with an Australasian distribution, and Pacifigeron (1 sp.), an endemic genus to Rapa Island in French Polynesia. However, only a few species of most of these genera have been included in DNA-based phylogenetic studies, and the morphology of most of the group has not been studied in-depth. This situation makes its delimitation and generic taxonomy unclear, warranting further research. The overarching aim of this dissertation was to study the taxonomy of the Celmisia group by using molecular phylogenetic and morphological analyses in order to test its delimitation and generic classification and to propose taxonomic changes when appropriate.
I performed phylogenetic analyses (Bayesian Inference and Maximum Parsimony) based on nuclear ribosomal DNA sequence data (ETS and ITS regions) of 107 species (69% of the Celmisia group). Likewise, I carried out morphological analyses (Non-metric multidimensional scaling and Ward’s clustering method) based on 83 characters scored from 587 herbarium specimens representing 148 species (95% of the Celmisia group). Based on these analyses, I proposed a new circumscription of the Celmisia group. Following the principles of monophyly (i.e. recognition of monophyletic groups), diagnosability (i.e. recognition of morphologically well-defined groups), and nomenclatural stability (e.g. disrupt present classifications as little as possible), I proposed a new generic and infrageneric taxonomic classification for the group. Further, based on the study of herbarium specimens and fieldwork, I undertook taxonomic studies at a specific level for some of its members.
I proposed that the Celmisia group should be redefined to exclude Achnophora, Pacifigeron, and part of the genus Olearia. I found Achnophora to be part of a large clade containing Australian, Hawaiian, and South American taxa, although without clear relationships. Pacifigeron, for which I also described a new species to science, is related to South American Andean genera. Regarding Olearia, as the type species, O. tomentosa, does not belong to the Celmisia group, only about half of the currently accepted Olearia species (ca 84 spp.) belong to the Celmisia group.
The Celmisia group, as redefined here, includes ca 156 species distributed in New Zealand, Australia, and New Guinea, belonging to Celmisia, Damnamenia, Olearia in part, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum. Overall, my results indicate that the Celmisia group is divided into nine main clades, with most of them well-defined by the overall morphological similarity of its members and/or diagnostic character states; however, these nine clades do not completely align with the aforementioned genera. Celmisia species fall into two non-sister clades, whereas smaller genera such as Pachystegia and Pleurophyllum are monophyletic. The monotypic Damnamenia is confirmed as an independent lineage not nested within another genus. The Olearia species belonging to the Celmisia group species do not form a monophyletic group and are instead divided into several clades not directly related to each other. The new taxonomic classification proposed here includes the recognition of eight genera. A new generic name, Lignosia Saldivia, is proposed for the species formerly placed in Celmisia subgenera Caespitosae, Glandulosae, and Lignosae since they form a monophyletic group not sister to the clade containing subgenera Celmisia and Pelliculatae (i.e. Celmisia sensu stricto). Damnamenia, Pachystegia, and Pleurophyllum are retained as distinctive genera. Olearia species belonging to the Celmisia group (ca 84) are included in the reinstated Shawia and Steiractis, and the new name Macrolearia Saldivia. Additionally, Steiractis is divided into six sections. For a clade including five Olearia species endemic to the North Island of New Zealand, here recognized as the Olearia furfuracea complex, I did not propose a new generic affiliation because the molecular analyses did not show clear phylogenetic relationships of this clade within the Celmisia group.
I undertook a taxonomic revision of Celmisia subgenera Caespitosae, Glandulosae, and Lignosae (i.e. Lignosia), for which I accepted 26 species, two subspecies, and two varieties. This revision was based on the study of 2701 herbarium specimens plus extensive fieldwork along the South Island of New Zealand, where 25 of the 26 accepted species are distributed.
Finally, I studied the taxonomy of the Pleurophyllum clade (i.e. Pleurophyllum, Damnamenia, and the six macrocephalous Olearia species), focusing on the taxonomic alternatives to excluding the macrocephalous Olearia species from Olearia. The molecular phylogenetic and morphological (431 herbarium specimens studied) analyses indicate the maintenance of Pleurophyllum and Damnamenia, and the recognition Macroleria as a new generic name for the macrocephalous Olearia species is the most reasonable taxonomic choice.
This dissertation made a significant and novel contribution to the understanding of Asterae in the Southern Hemisphere by demonstrating that previous hypotheses regarding the classification of both the Celmisia group and its constituent genera needed reevaluation. In the same way, the findings of this thesis indicate that taxonomy best benefits when it is approached from a broad perspective, in which the focus of a study should never be completely isolated or dissociated from the higher level lineage to which it belongs
Health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds in the Northern region 2019
No full textIn this report the New Zealand Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (NZCYES) presents information to assist in the planning and funding of services that can collectively improve, promote and protect the health and wellbeing of children and young people aged under-25 years. This is the final of three age-based reports: indicators presented in 2017 had a focus on the first five years of life, and the 2018 report had a focus on the health and wellbeing of under-15 year olds.
Data for the indicators presented in this report were extracted in 2019 from a range of routinely collected national datasets. The report provides an analysis of the most recent data available for each indicator at the time of writing. Unadjusted rates should be interpreted in light of the differing patterns in age structure, ethnic composition, social and material deprivation in each DHB and in Aotearoa overall. Evidence for good practice is presented for each section, compiled from published scholarly literature and from publicly available guidelines, policies, and reports. Where possible, the evidence for good practice includes discussion of equity issues relevant to each indicator, to inform service planning and delivery.
The two review topics included in this report were selected by DHB representatives: Alcohol use in young people by Lee Smith and Promoting mental wellbeing in schools by Judith Adams and Georgia Richardson. These two sections of the report can inform strategies to promote health and wellbeing for all young people. Intervention and treatment services, supportive environments, and healthy cultural norms around drinking are some key components to addressing hazardous alcohol consumption in Aotearoa’s youngest generations. Through school-based initiatives, services can support the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and thus invest in their long-term flourishing.
Navigating sexual and reproductive health is important to the lives of many young people. Information on reproductive planning and pregnancy rates can provide an indication about the accessibility of services and provide an indication about the future social and economic participation of this generation of young people and the sustainability of the overall population and economy.1 These indicators are presented in the section on Reproductive health.
The section on Mental Health presents information on the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses in young people, the mental health services utilised by young people and the hospitalisations of young people that are associated with mental health issues.
Selected indicators about substance use and smoking, alcohol and drug service utilisation, and alcohol and drug hospitalisations are presented in the Substance use section. These indicators are important for overall wellbeing, growth, and long-term health of children and young people and inextricably linked to other wellbeing measures presented in the 2019 report.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that every child is deserving of a state-level commitment towards the promotion of their social, spiritual and mental wellbeing, as well as towards their protection from all forms of violence and harm.2 The section on Safety and Security provides an overview of indicators relating to the protection of children and young people in Aotearoa, including information about assault and self-harm.
Supporting and adding value to the lives of children and young people with cancer is an important part of planning and funding decisions and is presented in the section on Cancer.
The report appendices describe the processes used in compiling information for these reports, including the methods used to develop evidence for good practice, and the statistical methods used in the data analyses. The appendices give further information about the data sources used for the indicators in the report, explanation about classification of ethnicity and social and material deprivation, and a list of the clinical codes relevant to each indicator.
In summary, the 2019 report on health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds presents data and interpretation on a set of relevant indicators extracted from national health datasets. The data used were the most recent available at the time of writing, and provide a snapshot of achievements and challenges in these areas. This report cannot address questions that require outpatient data, as these are not yet available at a national level. Developing systems that can provide a fuller picture of outpatient and primary health care data is important to inform child health service planning at national and DHB levels. The NZCYES is liaising with the Ministry of Health as they develop and roll out a patient flow system that will include primary care and outpatient data
Health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds in Hawke's Bay 2019
No full textIn this report the New Zealand Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (NZCYES) presents information to assist in the planning and funding of services that can collectively improve, promote and protect the health and wellbeing of children and young people aged under-25 years. This is the final of three age-based reports: indicators presented in 2017 had a focus on the first five years of life, and the 2018 report had a focus on the health and wellbeing of under-15 year olds.
Data for the indicators presented in this report were extracted in 2019 from a range of routinely collected national datasets. The report provides an analysis of the most recent data available for each indicator at the time of writing. Unadjusted rates should be interpreted in light of the differing patterns in age structure, ethnic composition, social and material deprivation in each DHB and in Aotearoa overall. Evidence for good practice is presented for each section, compiled from published scholarly literature and from publicly available guidelines, policies, and reports. Where possible, the evidence for good practice includes discussion of equity issues relevant to each indicator, to inform service planning and delivery.
The two review topics included in this report were selected by DHB representatives: Alcohol use in young people by Lee Smith and Promoting mental wellbeing in schools by Judith Adams and Georgia Richardson. These two sections of the report can inform strategies to promote health and wellbeing for all young people. Intervention and treatment services, supportive environments, and healthy cultural norms around drinking are some key components to addressing hazardous alcohol consumption in Aotearoa’s youngest generations. Through school-based initiatives, services can support the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and thus invest in their long-term flourishing.
Navigating sexual and reproductive health is important to the lives of many young people. Information on reproductive planning and pregnancy rates can provide an indication about the accessibility of services and provide an indication about the future social and economic participation of this generation of young people and the sustainability of the overall population and economy.1 These indicators are presented in the section on Reproductive health.
The section on Mental Health presents information on the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses in young people, the mental health services utilised by young people and the hospitalisations of young people that are associated with mental health issues.
Selected indicators about substance use and smoking, alcohol and drug service utilisation, and alcohol and drug hospitalisations are presented in the Substance use section. These indicators are important for overall wellbeing, growth, and long-term health of children and young people and inextricably linked to other wellbeing measures presented in the 2019 report.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that every child is deserving of a state-level commitment towards the promotion of their social, spiritual and mental wellbeing, as well as towards their protection from all forms of violence and harm.2 The section on Safety and Security provides an overview of indicators relating to the protection of children and young people in Aotearoa, including information about assault and self-harm.
Supporting and adding value to the lives of children and young people with cancer is an important part of planning and funding decisions and is presented in the section on Cancer.
The report appendices describe the processes used in compiling information for these reports, including the methods used to develop evidence for good practice, and the statistical methods used in the data analyses. The appendices give further information about the data sources used for the indicators in the report, explanation about classification of ethnicity and social and material deprivation, and a list of the clinical codes relevant to each indicator.
In summary, the 2019 report on health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds presents data and interpretation on a set of relevant indicators extracted from national health datasets. The data used were the most recent available at the time of writing, and provide a snapshot of achievements and challenges in these areas. This report cannot address questions that require outpatient data, as these are not yet available at a national level. Developing systems that can provide a fuller picture of outpatient and primary health care data is important to inform child health service planning at national and DHB levels. The NZCYES is liaising with the Ministry of Health as they develop and roll out a patient flow system that will include primary care and outpatient data
Health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds in Hutt Valley, Capital & Coast, and Wairarapa 2019
No full textIn this report the New Zealand Child and Youth Epidemiology Service (NZCYES) presents information to assist in the planning and funding of services that can collectively improve, promote and protect the health and wellbeing of children and young people aged under-25 years. This is the final of three age-based reports: indicators presented in 2017 had a focus on the first five years of life, and the 2018 report had a focus on the health and wellbeing of under-15 year olds.
Data for the indicators presented in this report were extracted in 2019 from a range of routinely collected national datasets. The report provides an analysis of the most recent data available for each indicator at the time of writing. Unadjusted rates should be interpreted in light of the differing patterns in age structure, ethnic composition, social and material deprivation in each DHB and in Aotearoa overall. Evidence for good practice is presented for each section, compiled from published scholarly literature and from publicly available guidelines, policies, and reports. Where possible, the evidence for good practice includes discussion of equity issues relevant to each indicator, to inform service planning and delivery.
The two review topics included in this report were selected by DHB representatives: Alcohol use in young people by Lee Smith and Promoting mental wellbeing in schools by Judith Adams and Georgia Richardson. These two sections of the report can inform strategies to promote health and wellbeing for all young people. Intervention and treatment services, supportive environments, and healthy cultural norms around drinking are some key components to addressing hazardous alcohol consumption in Aotearoa’s youngest generations. Through school-based initiatives, services can support the mental wellbeing of children and adolescents and thus invest in their long-term flourishing.
Navigating sexual and reproductive health is important to the lives of many young people. Information on reproductive planning and pregnancy rates can provide an indication about the accessibility of services and provide an indication about the future social and economic participation of this generation of young people and the sustainability of the overall population and economy.1 These indicators are presented in the section on Reproductive health.
The section on Mental Health presents information on the prevalence of selected mental health diagnoses in young people, the mental health services utilised by young people and the hospitalisations of young people that are associated with mental health issues.
Selected indicators about substance use and smoking, alcohol and drug service utilisation, and alcohol and drug hospitalisations are presented in the Substance use section. These indicators are important for overall wellbeing, growth, and long-term health of children and young people and inextricably linked to other wellbeing measures presented in the 2019 report.
The United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child establishes that every child is deserving of a state-level commitment towards the promotion of their social, spiritual and mental wellbeing, as well as towards their protection from all forms of violence and harm.2 The section on Safety and Security provides an overview of indicators relating to the protection of children and young people in Aotearoa, including information about assault and self-harm.
Supporting and adding value to the lives of children and young people with cancer is an important part of planning and funding decisions and is presented in the section on Cancer.
The report appendices describe the processes used in compiling information for these reports, including the methods used to develop evidence for good practice, and the statistical methods used in the data analyses. The appendices give further information about the data sources used for the indicators in the report, explanation about classification of ethnicity and social and material deprivation, and a list of the clinical codes relevant to each indicator.
In summary, the 2019 report on health and wellbeing of under-25 year olds presents data and interpretation on a set of relevant indicators extracted from national health datasets. The data used were the most recent available at the time of writing, and provide a snapshot of achievements and challenges in these areas. This report cannot address questions that require outpatient data, as these are not yet available at a national level. Developing systems that can provide a fuller picture of outpatient and primary health care data is important to inform child health service planning at national and DHB levels. The NZCYES is liaising with the Ministry of Health as they develop and roll out a patient flow system that will include primary care and outpatient data