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NZDep2018 analysis of census 2018 variables - TA029: Wairoa District
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
NZDep2018 analysis of census 2018 variables - TA036: Ruapehu District
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
Take off your shoes: How Christian liturgy forms the people of God
No full textThis thesis offers a renewed vision of Christian liturgy situated in a sacramental ontology in order to address the possibility of liturgical formation. In it I bring together a variety of sources in an attempt to demonstrate that the Christian liturgy is an epistemologically valid and rich experience which forms the ecclesial community into the people of God. I first argue that the possibility for such formation through the liturgy is based in a sacramental ontology which conceives of the world as sharing in the divine life and reality of God. This requires a shift in our present cosmology so as to undergird the centrality and functionality of the liturgy.
After sketching the contours of this cosmology and participatory ontology, I argue that when properly oriented towards worship of God in Christ, the liturgy offers the primary and most thoroughgoing opportunity for enriching our knowledge of God. This knowledge comes through both the mind and body, particularly through the embodied and material nature of the liturgy and correlated actions. Furthermore, the aesthetics, physical and material space, as well as the beauty of the liturgy are necessary considerations to understand God’s self-revelation and mediation through the liturgy. Together these contribute to moulding the people of God into one body through repeated actions which serve to shape our communal and individual imaginations. This formation transfigures our vision and enables us to see the world in and through Christ while also preparing us to engage in the eschatological beatific vision and share in the divine life.
While the principles that I explore in this thesis will apply in general across a wide range of liturgical traditions, I will make many specific references to the liturgy of the Anglican Church of Aotearoa New Zealand, as followed in the particular church to which I belong
Rapid Point-of-Care Testing for Hepatitis C – Assessment of Feasibility, Knowledge of Participants and Outcomes.
No full textIn New Zealand, approximately 50,000 people or more are infected with hepatitis C(HCV), and only 50% or less are currently diagnosed. HCV infection(and related complications) is presently the single most common diagnosis leading to liver transplantation in New Zealand. With current treatments, HCV infection has a high cure rate and the foremost hurdle to eradication is the identification of those infected. A blood test to detect HCV antibodies is currently used as the initial test. Trained personnel, expensive equipment and repeated appointments are required in the current HCV care cascade which increases the number of patients lost to follow-up.
A point-of-care test is a swift testing method that allows individuals to be tested, informed of the results and further management started during the same visit. The OraQuick HCV point-of-care test has high sensitivity and specificity and is validated against traditional EIA testing methods. This test detects HCV antibodies and confirmation of active infection is needed with an RNA test after a positive antibody test. The study assessed the feasibility of point-of-care HCV testing in a general practice setting and at a sexual health clinic in Dunedin, New Zealand and aimed to gain insights into participants’ knowledge and experience with the test.
HCV point-of-care tests were offered to patients aged 45 to 65 years as well as anyone at least 18 years old with a risk factor for hepatitis C. Mouth swab testing(n=111;50.9%) was used in the initial phase and finger-prick testing(n=107;49.1%) later. Volunteers with known hepatitis C were tested as well using both testing methods and the tests were positive. Data collected included demographics, risk factors for HCV infection and participant experience with the testing method. A questionnaire was used to assess knowledge regarding viral hepatitis. Data variables have been analysed with significance defined at p < 0.05.
A total of 218 participants were recruited for the study. The median age was 29 years(IQR 22 to 46). Fifty six percent(n = 122) of the participants were female. All the test via the finger prick method were negative. Fourteen mouth swab tests were false positive. One person was detected to have an active HCV infection and managed and cured as per guidelines. On knowledge-based questions the study population scored a median of 58.3% (IQR 50 to 75). There were no statistically significant differences in percentage of correct answers between participants with different levels of education, F(4, 213) = 0.857, p =0.491. A majority of study participants (93.6%) reported that they preferred to get their results on the same day and that the point-of-care test caused less anxiety(74.8%) compared to a usual blood test. There were no complications of administering the rapid point-of-care test.
Point-of-care testing for HCV is feasible and preferred by participants. Only one person with active HCV infection was detected. Future studies should take into consideration the number of false positives via the mouth swab method of testing in this study. Knowledge regarding hepatitis C was low among participants. This study has also provided valuable insights into the viability and participants’ experience of offering point-of-care testing for HCV in New Zealand. The results form the basis for a larger trial with multiple sites across the country and a higher number of participants
New Zealand Deprivation Index 2018 - TA54: Kaikoura District
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
New Zealand Deprivation Index 2018 - TA74: Gore District
No full textFor further information about data sources, interpretation of the graphs, and cautions, please see the separate Introduction Chapter
All data relating to the 2018 census is provided by Stats NZ, https://www.stats.govt.nz/
Determining the Geographical Origin of Cocoa Beans in Chocolate using Stable Isotope Ratios
No full textSustainability of cocoa bean farms is becoming an increasingly important matter. With more chocolate showing more sustainability labels, there needs to be confidence in the consumer's mind on these labels. One way in which to build this confidence is to ensure traceability of the cocoa bean from farm to the final chocolate product.
The stable isotope ratio of cocoa bean samples were measured using IRMS to see if their isotope ratio profile reflects their country of origin. δ2H, δ13C and δ15N were all measured on the bulk unshelled cocoa bean, along with δ2H and δ13C of the three most abundant fatty acids within cocoa beans; Palmitic acid, Stearic acid and Oleic acid. The results were analysed using PCA and showed that the samples tended to split into two groups. Nicaragua, Ghana and Vietnam and Papua New Guinea, The Solomon Islands and Samoa.
Two chocolate samples were made from cocoa beans which originated from Ghana. The δ13C and δ2H of extracted fatty acids were analysed as their methyl esters (FAMEs) and compared to the results of the cocoa bean fatty acids. These results showed that the chocolate samples had isotope ratio values closer to that of Vietnam than Ghana. However, the samples from Ghana were also found to be close to those of Vietnam. As an investigative study, this study showed that the method of FAME isotope ratios could potentially be used in future to determine origin of cocoa beans. With some more samples and research, this could lead to the possibility of using it on cocoa beans within a mixture to determine origin.
This study also investigated the gas chromatography stable isotope analysis of underivatized fatty acids extracted from cocoa beans samples. This method is a way to analyse the fatty acids without the need to conduct mass balance calculations needed for FAME analysis. Although the chromatographic responses were found to be much lower than that of the FAME, results seen from one chromatographic peak showed similar trends observed for the δ13C in bulk and FAME analyses. Thereby indicating the potential for this technique to be in traceability studies
The violoncello sonatas of Luigi Boccherini
No full textUntil recently, it was generally assumed that Luigi Boccherini's six published sonatas for the cello were his only works for the medium. The publication, however, of a Thematic, Biographical and Critical Catalogue of the Works of Luigi
Boccherini, London, (1969) , compiled by Yves Gerard, has thrown new light on Boccherini's compositions, many of which were never published. He composed a number of sonatas for cello, but only six of these, the set of six mentioned above, are generally known. The Gerard Catalogue lists thirty-two sonatas for cello, eleven of which appear in the supplement at the back of the volume, and gives all the known manuscript and printed sources for each.
This thesis examines in detail all thirty-two sonatas listed in the Gerard Catalogue. Three of the sonatas are not by Boccherini and at least six others are of doubtful authenticity. Part I deals with the manuscript and printed sources and suggests some approximate dates of composition. Part 2 deals with general historical background and looks at the compositions themselves in terms of historical development. Part 3 discusses the eighteenth-century cello and bow and contemporary conventions of notation, including all the ornaments found in the cello sonatas. Part 4 consists of an edition of all those cello sonatas which can be attributed to Boccherini, based on all available sources.
The appendices in Part 5 include a sample realisation of the basso of one of the sonatas, a cadenza for two cellos and a sonata for two cellos (both by Boccherini) , and also those sonatas which have been found during the course of the present study to be either spurious or of doubtful authenticity
Intakes and food sources of dietary protein among New Zealand adolescents
No full textBackground: Adolescence is a nutritionally vulnerable period, characterised by rapid growth and development as an individual transitions from childhood to adulthood. Protein is necessary to support these rapid changes and is paramount to supporting immunity, bone health and hormone production. There is limited up-to-date data on the protein intakes among New Zealand (NZ) adolescents, as the last assessment was conducted over a decade ago.
Objective: To assess the protein intakes and main food sources of protein among New Zealand adolescents aged 15-18 years. Furthermore, the present study aimed to compare intakes, sources and the prevalence of inadequacy between males and females.
Design: The present thesis is part of a wider population-based cross-sectional study, the Survey of Nutrition, Dietary Assessment and Lifestyle, which was conducted over an 18-month period in NZ adolescents, aged 15-18 years. A convenience sample of adolescents, clustered by high schools were the study participants. Measurements were taken over three phases from February 2019 to April 2020. Two 24-hour diet recalls, taken on non-consecutive days, were undertaken to assess the protein intakes of adolescents using the ‘multiple pass method’. Participants also completed online questionnaires on demographics and dietary habits. Usual average protein intake was estimated using the multiple source method in absolute terms, as a percentage of total energy and per gram per kilogram of bodyweight. The Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) cut off method was used to determine the prevalence of inadequacy among adolescents. Body mass index (BMI) z-scores were calculated using standardised height and weight measurements.
Results: The population comprised 66% females (n=266) and 34% males (n=135). Mean usual dietary protein intakes were significantly higher among males compared with females (109.5 g/day (95% CI: 104.1, 114.9) and 1.63 g/kg (95% CI: 1.54, 1.73) vs 73.0 g/day (95% CI: 70.6, 75.3) and 1.14 g/kg (95% CI: 1.09, 1.18)). The prevalence of inadequacy among females was low (0.3%) in absolute terms (g/day), although increased to 6.3% when body weight is accounted for (g/kg). Females who were Māori, resided in areas of high deprivation or were obese had the highest rates of inadequacy, while no male had inadequate mean protein intake. Contribution of protein to total energy was statistically 18% higher among males compared with females (18.6% total energy (TE) (95% CI: 18.1, 19.2) vs 15.4% TE (95% CI: 15.1, 15.7). Notably, mean contributions to total energy sit towards the lower end of the Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range (AMDR). A concerning 47.7% of females had intakes below the AMDR (15- 25% TE) while only 13.7% of males were below this limit. Main food sources for adolescents were similar between sexes, with poultry (12.8%), grains and pasta (10.0%), and bread (9.4%) contributing the main sources of protein.
Conclusion: Protein intakes among the adolescent population in New Zealand are mostly sufficient to meet their physiological needs, and the prevalence of inadequacy appears to be low. Males consistently consume more dietary protein than females. In turn, females living in highly deprived areas or of Māori ethnicity are at higher risk of protein inadequacy. Increasing intakes to sit within the AMDR is an avenue in which adolescent health can be optimised on a population level by ensuring a balanced diet. Protein quality and the amino acid composition of foods should be assessed in future analyses to determine the contribution of protein-rich foods to overall diet quality. Larger, nationally representative studies are required to support the present findings
Tangible Artefacts Unearth Contemporary Legalities: Aboriginal Artefacts and the Randwick Light Rail Project
No full textThere is insufficient legal protection for tangible but non-charismatic Aboriginal artefacts in New South Wales, Australia. The State laws are insufficient because they provide State actors with the power to protect those artefacts and to decide whether artefacts are significant for Aboriginal peoples according to Aboriginal traditions. This article compares the laws that governed the excavation of Aboriginal artefacts in a colonial archaeological excavation in New South Wales. Doing so unearths how State law operates to privilege colonial heritage. This is unsurprising because law is an intangible cultural artefact that is the result of the historical and political sedimentation of power. The article then orients State cultural heritage protection within international cultural heritage law to reveal the political controversies for cultural heritage protection that animate struggles between Aboriginal peoples and States. Using a human rights regime may seem a promising means for providing Aboriginal peoples with the ability to protect their artefacts. But like international cultural heritage law, human rights depend upon layers of State control, making it unlikely that human rights will help Aboriginal peoples protect their artefacts. Despite this, the human rights regime remains a useful analytic tool for unearthing the sedimentation of power in legal artefacts.Peer Reviewe