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Loi de programmation 2018-2022 et de réforme pour la justice : points intéressants le notariat
No full textEvaluation of λ-carrageenan, CpG-ODN, glycine betaine, Spirulina platensis and ergosterol as elicitors for the control of Zymoseptoria tritici in wheat
Full text linkWheat crops are constantly challenged by the pathogen Zymoseptoria tritici responsible for Septoria tritici Blotch (STB) disease. The present study reports the identification of five biocontrol compounds (λ-carrageenan, CpG-ODN, glycine betaine, Spirulina platensis and ergosterol) for the protection of wheat against STB in order to offer new alternative tools to farmers for sustainable crop protection. Screening of elicitors of wheat defenses was carried out through a succession of experiments: biocidal in vitro tests enabled to check for any fungicidal activities; glasshouse experiments allowed to determine the efficacy of a given compound in protecting wheat against STB; qRT-PCR biomolecular tests investigated the relative expression of 23 defense genes in treated versus untreated plants. We therefore demonstrated that λ-carrageenan, CpG-ODN, glycine betaine, Spirulina platensis and ergosterol are potential elicitors of wheat defenses. Foliar treatments with these compounds conferred protection of wheat by up to approximately 70 % against Z. tritici under semi-controlled conditions and induced both SA- and/or JA-dependent signaling pathways in the plant. These findings contribute to extend the narrow list of potential elicitors of wheat defenses against Z. tritici
Alternative evaluation functions for the cyclic bandwidth sum problem
Full text linkOne essential element for the successful application of metaheuristics is the evaluation function. It should be able to make fine distinctions among the potential solutions in order to avoid producing wide plateaus (valleys) in the fitness landscape, on which detecting a promising search direction could be hard for certain local search strategies. In the specific case of the cyclic bandwidth sum (CBS) problem, the heuristics reported have used directly the objective function of the optimization problem to assess the quality of potential solutions. Nevertheless, such a conventional function does not allow to efficiently establish preferences among distinct potential solutions. In order to cope with this important issue, three new more refined evaluation functions for the CBS problem are introduced in this paper.
An in-depth comparative analysis considering the conventional and the three proposed evaluation functions is carried out and presented. It includes an assessment of their: (a) discrimination potential, (b) consistency with regard to the primary objective of the CBS problem, and (c) practical usefulness within two different algorithms, best improvement local search and iterated local search. A validation of the experimental results by means of a meticulous statistical significance analysis revealed that proposing more informative evaluation schemes for the CBS problem could be a useful means of improving the performance of metaheuristics. Indeed, our iterated local search implementation, using an alternative evaluation function, surpassed the best solutions yielded by the state-of-the-art algorithms and allow us to attain new better upper bounds for 14 out of 20 well-known benchmark instances
L'enrichissement de l'expérience de visite muséale par l'utilisation d'outils interactifs de médiation
No full textThis paper focuses on the use of interactive mediation tools during the museum visit. What are the dimensions of the museum visit experience? Is it specific to the nature of the interactive tool (audioguide, tablet, interactive kiosk, multi-user digital table) used during the visit ? First, a state of the art of the researches which focused on the influence of interactive mediation tools on the museum visit is presented. Second, the results from the qualitative method are analysed. On a managerial level, the goal is to help museum professionnals to choose interactive mediation tools in order to enrich the visit experience and broaden their audiences
The mucous cyst, a rare and delayed complication after rhinoplasty
Full text linkRhinoplasty is frequently performed worldwide, and patients and surgeons both expect good cosmetic results without any deformity recurrence. We report a rare case of mucous cyst occurred after post-traumatic rhinoseptoplasty.
Observation
A 27-year old woman presented a median mass of the nose root 7 years after prior rhinoseptoplasty. Investigations showed a subcutaneous lesion of 10.5 × 24.5 mm. The surgery consisted on an external rhinoplasty allowing cyst removal, bilateral osteotomies and reconstruction of the nasal dorsum by deep temporal fascia graft. Histological examination confirmed the diagnosis of begnin mucous cyst. No recurrence was observed at 1-year follow-up.
Discussion
Mucous cyst post rhinoplasty is rare and is probably due to accidental mucosal material implantation into the subcutaneous plane during rhinoplasty. This complication can be avoided by adequate infiltration and hydrodissection, careful dissection, and avoidance of unnecessary trauma during osteotomies
Financial Asset Valuations: The Total Demand Approach
No full textThis article provides an explanation of how monetary policy impacts the prices of financial assets relative to the prices of non-financial assets. In the standard view, monetary policy has no such effect. It may influence financial-asset prices in various ways, but it does not all by itself entail any tendency for financial-asset prices to rise faster than the prices of non-financial assets. We argue that the neglected “total demand approach” sheds a different light on this issue. Total-demand theory shows that monetary policy may have such a consequence. It also brings the additional advantage of simplifying the theory of monetary policy, in that it allows to conceptualise unconventional monetary policy and changes in the quality of money within a single theoretical framework
Towards self-sustained oscillations of multiple flexible vortex generators
Full text linkPassive methods are widely used for flow control in engineering processes for heat and mass transfer enhancement. Using flexible vortex generators (FVGs) in such applications in order to destabilize the flow can be thought to achieve higher performances taking advantage of the fluid-structure interaction. In this paper, we discuss the assessment of getting self-sustained large oscillation amplitudes of multiple FVGs from an upstream confined laminar flow. The FVGs are located on the opposite channel walls in alternated positions, separated by a distance equal to their span and inclined in the upstream direction with an angle of 30° with respect to the wall. Five cases are studied which differ by the number of alternating FVGs in the system and investigations are also performed adding two co-planar FVGs upstream. The Reynolds number is held constant with a value of 2000 (based on the hydraulic diameter) for all the cases. The effect of increasing the degree of freedom of the system, on creating a large displacement flapping motion is numerically investigated. The results show that a minimum of three alternating FVGs is needed to produce a self-sustained and periodic flow instability, leading to large FVG displacement when the co-planar FVGs are not present. The introduction of upstream co-planar FVGs destabilizes the flow by producing vortices which act as periodic forces on the downstream FVGs. In this case, large displacement amplitudes are thus observed with two alternating FVGs added downstream. A phenomenon of inverted drafting is observed in all the cases: upstream FVGs display smaller drag force values than the downstream ones. Since the downstream FVGs oscillate in resonance with the incoming flow, motion amplitudes become higher. Moreover, it has been observed that for all the configurations studied here, the FVGs located at the same wall location oscillate in phase with each others and out-of-phase with the ones located on the opposite channel wall
Effect of water availability on changes in root amino acids and associated rhizospere on root exudation of amino acids in Pisum sativum L
Full text linkRoot exudation is considered to regulate the abundance of the microbial community. It may vary both qualitatively and quantitatively in response to the environment in which the plant is growing. A part of exuded N derives from amino acids (AAs). This, in turn, may help plants to cope with abiotic stresses by favouring positive interactions with the rhizosphere environment, thus playing a potential role in maintaining healthy plants. In this respect, an under-investigated area is the effect of stress due to water deficit (WD). It is proposed that the AA profile in the rhizosphere may be altered by WD, reflecting a modulation of root AA exudation linked to a physiological response of the plant to water stress. To investigate this, Pisum sativum L. plants, grown in unsterilised Rhizobium leguminosarum-enriched soil, were stem-labelled with 15N-urea for 96 h, and then subjected/not subjected to 72 h of WD. The concentrations and abundance of 15N-labelling in individual AAs were determined in both roots and the associated rhizosphere at 24, 48 and 72 h after stress application. It was found that both AAs metabolism in the pea root and AAs exudation were strongly modified in WD conditions. After 24 h of WD, the concentrations of all measured AAs increased in the roots, accompanied by a dramatic stress-related increase in the 15N-labelling of some AAs. Furthermore, after 48–72 h of WD, the concentrations of Pro, Ala and Glu increased significantly within the rhizosphere, notably with a concomitant increase in 15N-enrichment in Pro, Ser, Asn, Asp, Thr and Ile. These results support the concept that, in response to WD, substantial amounts of recently assimilated N are rapidly translocated from the shoots to the roots, a portion of which is exuded as AAs. This leads to the rhizosphere being relatively augmented by specific AAs (notably HSer, Pro and Ala) in WD conditions, with a potential impact on soil water retention