Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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8ヶ月間の「ちくだいKIP体操プログラム」が児童の身体形態と体力に及ぼす影響〜第3期
Get PDF本研究は一般社団法人ちくだいKIP による8 ヶ月間の体操教室が上士幌町在住小学生（1〜3年生）の身体形態と体力に及ぼす影響について調査すること、および当該プロジェクト第1期から第3期までを総合的に振り返り、地方における子どもの体力向上コミュニティの育成的運営に対する長期ビジョンを提示することを目的とした。
6歳から9歳までの24名が全ての介入前後測定を実施した。介入前後で身体形態データとして身長、体重、大腿長、大腿周囲径、大腿前部筋厚の測定、体力データとして新体力テストを実施した。プログラムは前年を踏襲した体操教室と、その前後にストレッチングや基礎的な筋力トレーニング、走・跳・投運動の段階練習などを取り入れた。また、1ヶ月に約1回程度、上士幌町スポーツ少年団により様々なスポーツの体験会が実施された。
介入前後、形態データは身長、体重、大腿長、大腿直筋厚、大腿直筋＋中間広筋厚、中間広筋厚が有意に増加した（p<0.01）。体力データは、上体起こし、50m走（p<0.05）、反復横とび（p<0.01）が有意に向上した。これまで第1期、第2期と介入前後で変化がなかった大腿前部筋厚について第3期のみ変化があったことから、参加経験でソートし、初参加群12名とリピート群12名の比較を試みた。その結果、筋厚が増加していたのはリピート群のみで、初参加群は増加していなかった。
本プログラムは体力測定値改善に対しては即効性が高く、筋厚に対しては非常に遅く2 〜3年かかることを示している。これからの地方における子どもたちの体力向上において、都市部との生活環境の差異を考慮することと、継続する（提供者側も「継続する」）ことの重要性が確認された。The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of 8-months special exercise program of Chikudai-KIP the morphological and physical fitness data of children who lives in Kamishihoro Town. And second purpose was to comprehensively review the 1st to 3rd phases and present a long-term vision for the nurturing management of children's fitness improvement communities in rural areas. The subjects included 24 children aged 6~9years participated in this project. Height, weight, thigh length, thigh circumference, and anterior thigh muscle thickness as morphological data, and “the New physical fitness test” as physical fitness data were measured before and after the intervention. The program incorporated the gymnastics class from the previous year, as well as stretching, basic strength training, and progressive exercises for running, jumping, and throwing before and after the main sessions. In addition, about once a month, “the Kamishihoro Sports Shonen-dan” held various sports experience sessions. The morphological data, height, weight, thigh length, and thickness of rectus femoris muscle (RF), RF + vastus intermedius muscle (VI), VI increased significantly before and after the intervention (p<0.01). The physical fitness data, Sit-ups, 50-meter dash (p<0.05), and side-to-side jumps (p<0.01) improved significantly. Since there was no change in the anterior thigh muscle thickness before and after the intervention during the 1st and 2nd phases, but there was a change only in the 3rd phase, we attempted to compare 12 subjects who were first-time to the program (first-time group) with 12 subjects who had previously participated (repeat group). As a result, muscle thickness increased only in the repeat group, but not in the first-time group. The program has shown to have an immediate effect on improving physical fitness measurements and a very slow effect on muscle thickness, which takes two to three years. The importance of considering the differences in living environment from urban areas and the importance of continuity in improving children's physical fitness in rural areas in the future was confirmed.departmental bulletin pape
Prevalence and associated factors of human leishmaniasis in Amudat district, Uganda
Get PDFapplication/pdfLeishmaniasis is endemic in Uganda and most commonly found in the remote areas of the Karamoja sub-region. Despite efforts put in by the government and other non-governmental organizations in the fight against human leishmaniasis, the disease remains one of the major health challenges in the Karamoja sub-region, where Amudat district is inclusive, with no leishmaniasis burden and associated factors clearly understood. Thus, in this study, we aimed to determine the prevalence of leishmaniasis and its associated factors among patients receiving healthcare services in Amudat district healthcare facilities. STATA software version 14 was used for descriptive data analysis and Ashur’s scale to assess participants’ knowledge. A total of 200 study participants were purposively sampled and recruited from 10 health facilities in Amudat district. Of the 200 capillary blood samples collected from the participants and screened for leishmaniasis, 18 tested positive by serology (rK39), and only 11 were confirmed positive by bone marrow microscopy, giving a leishmaniasis prevalence of 5.5% (11/200), with males being the most affected at 4.0% (8/200) and females at 1.5% (3/200). The low level of disease awareness and livestock grazing in sandfly-infested areas are associated with the widespread spread of leishmaniasis. Information regarding community knowledge levels on transmission and prevention is crucial for disease control, as human leishmaniasis is a public health concern, particularly in Amudat district.journal articl
Molecular prevalence and genotypic diversity of Theileria equi and Babesia caballi infecting horses in Kyrgyzstan
Get PDFapplication/pdfEquine piroplasmosis is caused by Theileria equi and Babesia caballi, which are hemoprotozoan parasites. Understanding the epidemiology and genotypes of T. equi and B. caballi is crucial for developing effective control strategies in endemic countries. However, the endemic status of these two parasite species remains uncertain in Kyrgyzstan due to lack of surveys. Our study, therefore, aimed to detect T. equi and B. caballi infections in Kyrgyzstan and identify their genotypes. Blood samples were collected from 226 horses across all seven provinces of Kyrgyzstan, namely Chuy, Issyk-Kul, Naryn, Talas, Jalal-Abad, Osh, and Batken. These blood samples were subjected to DNA extraction, followed by specific PCR assays targeting T. equi and B. caballi. We found that 56 (24.8%, confidence interval (CI): 19.6–30.8%) and 7 (3.1%, CI: 1.5–6.3%) of the tested horses were positive for T. equi and B. caballi infections, respectively. Theileria equi was detected in all surveyed provinces, whereas B. caballi was found in five provinces, except for Talas and Osh. Subsequent genotype-specific PCR assays showed that T. equi-positive horses harbored all five genotypes: A, B, C (also known as Theileria haneyi), D, and E. On the other hand, phylogenetic analysis of B. caballi rap-1 sequences detected the genotypes A and B1. The prevalence of T. equi and B. caballi suggests a potential risk of clinical equine piroplasmosis among horses in Kyrgyzstan, and the observed genotypic diversity underscores the challenges in managing the disease. Our findings emphasize the need for comprehensive control measures to effectively address equine piroplasmosis in Kyrgyzstan.journal articl
Derivatives of "right side" in Atayalic languages
Get PDFapplication/pdfForms for "right side" in Atayalic languages have not been recognized asreflexes of a Proto-Austronesian form, apart from one of the Atayal forms in Ogawa and Asai (1935). However, this paper proposes that one Seediq form and two Atayalic forms for "right side" reflect the Proto-Austronesian form albeit attached with fossilized affixes. This paper first introduces the Proto-Austronesian forms for "right side," which are *wanaN/*waNan, and its reflexes in languages other than Atayalic. Then, Proto-Seediq form for "right side" is reconstructed as *nad,an d this form is discussed in terms of insertion with a fossilized back infix * to a supposed root *wanad, which is a reflex of Proto-Austronesian *wanaN. For Atayal forms for "right side," twenty-three dialectal terms taken from various Atayalic villages (Sayama 1918, 1920) are presented and classified into four types: (i) analiq, (ii) alalaw, (iii) anan, and (iv) agilax types. It is proposed that the first two types (analiq and alalaw) are derived from a possible Proto-Atayal root *anal as the reflexes of the Proto-Austronesian *wanaN, and each form is attached with a fossilized suffix, -iq and -aw, respectively. The anan type is also a reflex of the Proto-Austronesian *wanaN; however, this type is a borrowing from the neighboring language, Pazih. The agilax type is likely derived from the Proto-Atayalic *iRil, aw ord for "left," by attaching af ossilized suffix -ax.This paper concludes that Proto-Seediq *nad and two Proto-Atayal forms *gnal-iq and *glal-aw reflect the Proto-Austronesian *wanaN.journal articl
Acaricidal activity of Egyptian crude plant extracts against Haemaphysalis longicornis ticks
Get PDFapplication/pdfHaemaphysalis longicornis is a common Ixodida tick species found in temperate areas of Asian countries. An anti-tick assay was conducted on adult female H. longicornis ticks. Plant extract solutions were prepared at concentrations of 50, 25, and 10 mg/mL. Tick survival and mortality were assessed by counting the number of dead and live ticks at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, and 96 h posttreatment. Out of 11 plant extracts screened, Artemisia judaica extract exhibited the highest potency with 100% mortality (5/5) at 48 h when applied at high and moderate concentrations (50 and 25 mg/mL). Similar results were observed at 96 h for the 10 mg/mL group compared to the untreated ticks. Cleome droserifolia extract demonstrated partial activity with 60% (3/5) and 20% (1/5) mortality at 96 h posttreatment at concentrations of 50 and 25 mg/mL, respectively. Forsskaolea tenacissima extract showed a weak effect with 100% tick mortality (5/5) only at the highest treatment concentration after 96 h. To confirm the activity of A. judaica, trial 2 was conducted. A. judaica demonstrated potency within 48 h in high dose and 72 h in moderate dose, with 100% mortality (15/15) at 96 h posttreatment compared to untreated ticks. The median lethal time 50 (LT50) values were 30.37 h for the high and 55.08 h for the moderate doses. Liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry was performed on the most potent candidate (A. judaica) to identify its phytochemical components. The results revealed the presence of 9 compounds identified through manual annotation and 74 compounds from the Global Natural Products Social library. These compounds included terpenoids, steroids, phenylpropanoids, flavonoid glycosides, flavonoids, and benzenoids. Camphor was identified as the major component via both approaches. These findings suggest the potential use of A. judaica extract in the future development of acaricidal therapeutics. © 2024 Abdou et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.journal articl
Neospora caninum surface antigen 1 is a major determinant of the pathogenesis of neosporosis in nonpregnant and pregnant mice
Get PDFapplication/pdfIntroduction: NcSAG1 is one of most widely investigated antigens of Neospora caninum in various research fields. Such studies demonstrated the proficiency of NcSAG1 in the regulatory process of parasite adhesion and invasion of host cells. Accordingly, the contribution of NcSAG1 to the pathogenesis of neosporosis can undoubtedly be extrapolated, but direct evidence is lacking. Herein, we provide the first successful attempt at the gene disruption of NcSAG1 and novel data on the invasion and virulence potentials of N. caninum in vitro and in vivo. Methods: The disruption of the NcSAG1 gene was applied using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and confirmed by PCR, western blot and indirect fluorescent antibody tests as NcSAG1 knockout parasites (NcSAG1KO). Then, we investigated the role of NcSAG1 in the growth kinetics of the parasite in vitro. Results and discussion: The deletion of the NcSAG1 gene significantly decreased the infection rate and reduced the egress rate of the parasite. An in vivo study using nonpregnant female and male BALB/c mice revealed a significantly higher survival rate and lower body weight change in the group infected with the NcSAG1KO parasite than in the parental strain (Nc-1)-infected group. Regarding the vertical transmission model of BALB/c mice, the absence of the NcSAG1 gene significantly enhanced the survival of pups and greatly lowered the parasite burden in the brains of pups. In conclusion, our study suggested NcSAG1 as a key molecule in the pathogenesis of N. caninum. Copyright © 2024 Abdelbaky, Rahman, Shimoda, Chen, Hasan, Ushio and Nishikawa.journal articl
Molecular Identification of Babesia and Theileria Infections in Livestock in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau Area, China
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe northwestern region of China, known as the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau Area (QTPA), is characterized by unique climate conditions that support the breeding of various highly-adapted livestock species. Tick vectors play a significant role in transmitting Babesia and Theileria species, posing serious risks to animal health as well as the economy of animal husbandry in QTPA. A total of 366 blood samples were collected from Tibetan sheep (n = 51), goats (n = 67), yaks (n = 43), cattle (n = 49), Bactrian camels (n = 50), horses (n = 65), and donkeys (n = 40). These samples were examined using conventional and nested PCR techniques to detect Theileria and Babesia species. The overall infection rates were 0.3% (1/366) for Babesia spp. and 38.2% (140/366) for Theileria spp. Notably, neither Babesia nor Theileria species were detected in donkeys and yaks. The infection rates of Babesia and Theileria species among animals in different prefectures were significantly different (p < 0.05). Furthermore, Babesia bovis, B. bigemina, B. caballi, and B. ovis were not detected in the current study. To our knowledge, this is the first documented detection of Theileria luwenshuni infection in Bactrian camels and goats, as well as T. sinesis in cattle and T. equi in horses on the Qinghai plateau. These novel findings shed light on the distribution of Babesia and Theileria species among livestock species in QTPA.departmental bulletin pape