Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Optimization of enzymes addition to improve whole wheat bread making quality by response surface methodology and optimization technique
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe functional ingredients in whole wheat flour, such as dietary fiber, vitamins, and minerals, have beneficial health effects. However, the excessive amount of dietary fiber in whole wheat flour inhibits gluten network formation and diminishes bread making qualities (BMQ). Adding appropriate amounts of enzymes, α-amylase (AM) and hemicellulase (HC), could be a solution to these problems. In this study, response surface methodology (RSM) created a response surface model and Solver (Excel add-in software) calculated the optimal amounts of the enzymes. Adding optimum concentrations of AM and HC drastically improved BMQ (gas retention of dough, specific loaf volume, and bread staling) of whole wheat flour dough and bread compared to whole wheat flour dough and bread without the enzymes. These results showed that combining RSM and Solver was an effective and reasonably easy method that determines optimal concentrations of enzymes to obtain the highest quality bread using whole wheat flour. © 2019, Association of Food Scientists & Technologists (India).journal articl
Discovery of a new Theileria sp. closely related to Theileria annulata in cattle from Sri Lanka
Get PDFapplication/pdfTheileria annulata is a haemoprotozoan parasite that causes a cancer-like illness known as tropical theileriosis in cattle. In the course of analyzing the genetic diversity of T. annulata in Sri Lanka, we observed that merozoite-piroplasm surface antigen (tams1) and surface protein (tasp)-like gene sequences obtained from bovine blood DNA samples, which were PCR-positive for T. annulata, were conserved but shared low identity with T. annulata GenBank sequences. Moreover, the 18S rRNA sequences from the Sri Lankan samples contained ten unique single-nucleotide polymorphisms compared with all known T. annulata sequences. The cytochrome b (cob) gene sequences isolated from the Sri Lankan samples were highly conserved and shared low identity scores with similarly conserved T. annulata sequences from GenBank. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the Sri Lankan tams1-like, tasp-like, 18S rRNA, and cob sequences clustered together and formed sister clades to the common ancestors of all known T. annulata and Theileria lestoquardi sequences. These findings demonstrated that the Sri Lankan cattle were not infected with T. annulata but with a new Theileria sp. (designated as Theileria sp. Yokoyama) closely related to T. annulata.journal articl
ロボットに全面移行の牧場で労働時間6割減る事例も：収益構造と働き方の変化から利点・欠点を評価
Get PDFapplication/pdf北海道農政部の資料によると、搾乳ロボットを導入している酪農家戸数は2018年2月現在で228戸で、全道の酪農家の4.0%に達しているo近年は年に20～30戸程度増加している。本稿では搾乳ロボットシステム導入の事例を踏まえて、一般的な搾乳システムとの収益性の差、作業変化、メーカー閣のシステムの違いなどを紹介したい。なお搾乳ロボッ卜については、乳牛が自発的に搾乳ボックスを訪れることで搾乳されるシステムに限定して検討することにする。journal articl
Quantification of plasma cell-free DNA levels in dogs with various tumors
Get PDFapplication/pdfCirculating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) is extracellular DNA released into the bloodstream by apoptotic or necrotic tumor cells, with cfDNA determination proposed as a noninvasive, sensitive marker for the diagnosis of human cancer. We evaluated cfDNA quantification as a diagnostic and prognostic tool in dogs with various tumors. We quantified plasma cfDNA concentration by absolute real-time PCR of long interspersed nuclear elements in 50 dogs with malignant tumors, 13 dogs with benign tumors or nodules, and 11 healthy controls. Six patients with malignant tumors were followed-up, and plasma cfDNA was quantified throughout disease progression. We found that plasma cfDNA concentrations were significantly elevated in dogs with malignant tumors compared with dogs with benign nodules or healthy controls. The DNA integrity index (the ratio between long and short cfDNA fragments) was significantly lower in dogs with malignant tumors compared to healthy controls. Significantly higher cfDNA levels and a lower DNA integrity index were observed in dogs with lymphoma or leukemia, hemangiosarcoma, and distant metastasis; cfDNA levels correlated well with clinical stage and tended to increase during or before periods of disease progression, suggesting potential efficacy of cfDNA for the detection of distant metastasis and to monitor the clinical stage of neoplasia.journal articl
Analysis of the relationship between bread-making qualities and dough stress during the proofing process
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe physical properties of dough (PPD), instantaneous elasticity, regularity coefficient of viscosity, and relaxation time (τ 0 ), of various white bread doughs without yeast addition were measured by the creep method based on a Maxwell-2-element model (Maxwell model). It was assumed that PPD do not change during fermentation and thus the stress of various doughs in the proofing process could be obtained using Euler’s method. Simulation results revealed that dough with large elastic characteristics, a large τ 0 , and fermented quickly had a high stress peak during the expansion process and that the final stress (σ end ) also had a high value compared to other doughs. Meanwhile, dough characterized by a small τ 0 and slow fermentation showed the opposite tendency. Additionally, the calculated σ end was significantly correlated with the gas retention of dough and specific loaf volume (SLV). These results demonstrated that SLV of various white bread doughs could be estimated using PPD and fermentation speed. Copyright © 2019, Japanese Society for Food Science and Technologyjournal articl
Age related and seasonal changes of plasma concentrations of insulin-like peptide 3 and testosterone from birth to early-puberty in Thoroughbred male horses
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe peripheral blood concentrations of insulin-like peptide 3 (INSL3) have been detected in many mammalian species, but the level of INSL3 in horse remains unknown. The objectives were to develop a time-resolved fluorescence immunoassay (TRFIA) to detect INSL3 concentrations from horse blood as well as to determine the age-related and seasonal changes of plasma concentrations of INSL3 and testosterone from birth to early-puberty in Thoroughbred male horse (n = 11). Monthly blood sample and measurement of body weight, height, chest and cannon bone size were done from birth until 16 mo. The TRFIA and EIA were used to measure plasma concentrations of INSL3 and testosterone, respectively. An increase in mean body weight, height, chest and cannon bone size was observed throughout the study. The monthly blood sampling revealed an increase in mean plasma INSL3 concentrations up to 2 mo, followed by a decreasing and increasing pattern until the end of experiment at 16 mo. A high testosterone level was detected at birth followed by a sharp decrease to basal level within 1 mo, maintained low level up to10 mo before a gradual rise until 16 mo. In case of seasonality, there was no difference in mean plasma INSL3 concentrations between breeding (March to September) and non-breeding (October to February) seasons, whereas a higher (P < 0.001) mean plasma testosterone concentrations in the second breeding season compared to non-breeding season was observed. In age categorized group, an increase (P < 0.01) in mean plasma INSL3 concentrations was noticed at pre-puberty (1–12 mo) and early-puberty (13–16 mo) compared to birth, but a lower (P < 0.001) mean plasma testosterone concentrations was observed at pre-puberty compared to birth and early-puberty. In conclusion, a TRFIA was developed to measure INSL3 levels in horse. An increase in plasma concentrations of INSL3 and testosterone were observed with the advancement of age, whereas for testosterone a very lower level was detected at the non-breeding season than in the second breeding season after birth in Thoroughbred male horse. The INSL3 secretions seemed independent of seasonal influence, at least before puberty. © 2019 Elsevier Inc.journal articl
Subclinical Infections of Anaplasma phagocytophilum and Anaplasma bovis in Dogs from Ibaraki, Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe evaluated the prevalence of Anaplasma infection in 332 dogs from Ibaraki, Japan, using serological and molecular methods. An immunofluorescence antibody assay against Anaplasma phagocytophilum indicated that 7 of the 328 serum samples tested (2.1%) were positive for A. phagocytophilum. Screening by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) analysis demonstrated that 8 of the 331 peripheral blood samples tested (2.4%) were positive for Anaplasmataceae. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial 16S rRNA sequence of the PCR amplicons revealed that 6 sequences were most similar to the 16S rRNA sequence of a Wolbachia sp., and the remaining 2 to A. bovis. Further analysis by A. phagocytophilum-specific nested PCR demonstrated that 1 dog infected with A. bovis was also positive for A. phagocytophilum. This is the first study to report the dual infection of a dog in Japan with A. bovis and A. phagocytophilum.journal articl
Draft Genome Sequence of the Yeast Pichia manshurica YM63, a Participant in Secondary Fermentation of Ishizuchi-Kurocha, a Japanese Fermented Tea
Get PDFapplication/pdfPichia manshurica is common in fermentation; however, genome analysis has never been reported for the species. This yeast plays a role in the secondary fermentation of Ishizuchi-kurocha, a traditional Japanese fermented tea. This paper presents the draft genome sequence of P. manshurica YM63, isolated from the leaves of fermented tea. © 2019 Toyotome et al.journal articl