Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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The effect of colostrum intake on osteoprotegerin and bone metabolic markers in the blood of newborn calves during the first week of life
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe aim of this study was to elucidate the bone metabolic status after taking colostrum in newborn calves. Fourteen neonatal calves were randomly allocated to two groups fed either unheated or heated (60°C, 30 min) colostrum three times on the first day (2 l every 10 hr; 6 l in total). Heat treatment on colostrum was to reduce the bone metabolic markers assumed as heat-sensitive. The concentrations of four bone metabolic markers (the enzymes from bone cells or the bone collagen fragments) and a bone protective protein, osteoprotegerin (OPG), were measured in the blood of calves during a week after the birth and in the colostrum. The colostral concentrations of four bone metabolic markers were reduced by heating. Then those circulatory markers peaked after colostrum intake in the calves fed unheated colostrum; whereas those fed heated colostrum did not show such changes. However, the plasma tartrate resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRAP5b) activity was transiently increased after taking colostrum in both groups. Meanwhile, heating did not decrease colostral OPG and there was no significant rise in the serum OPG concentrations after the first colostrum intake in both groups. The study revealed that the blood concentrations of studied bone metabolic markers depended on those colostral values except for TRAP5b. Based on the plasma TRAP5b changes, accelerated formation of premature osteoclast cells may be induced by colostrum intake. Meanwhile, colostral OPG absorption is less likely to impact on its circulating levels. © 2019 The Japanese Society of Veterinary Science.journal articl
Immunolocalization of anti-Müllerian Hormone and Its Receptor in Granulosa Cell Tumors in Mares
Get PDFapplication/pdfGranulosa cell tumor (GCT) is a sex-cord stromal tumor in mares and causes infertility. The objective of this study was to localize anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) and its receptor, anti-Müllerian hormone receptor type 2 (AMHR2), in ovarian tissue samples obtained from 11 Thoroughbred mares diagnosed with GCT. Immunohistochemistry revealed positive immunostaining for both AMH and AMHR2 in the granulosa-like cells of GCT. Furthermore, double immunofluorescence staining revealed the presence of colocalization of AMH and AMHR2 in granulosa-like cells of GCT in mares. These findings suggest that granulosa-like cells of GCT are a target of AMH, suggesting that AMH may have paracrine and autocrine function on granulosa-like cells of GCT in mares. Moreover, this is the first report to demonstrate the colocalization of AMH and its receptor, AMHR2, in GCT-affected ovaries of mares by using double immunofluorescence staining. © 2018 Elsevier Inc.journal articl
Successful embryo transfer from Hokkaido native pony after artificial insemination with frozen semen
Get PDFapplication/pdfThere has been no report of equine embryo transfer in Japan for the last 24 years. Our objective was to establish an effective protocol for embryo transfer in domestic horse. A Hokkaido native pony was bred by deep-horn artificial insemination with frozen semen from a Connemara pony. Embryo collection was performed using a non-surgical method on day 7. Two embryos were obtained from three flushes (67% recovery) and were transferred fresh into crossbred recipient mares. Both recipient mares were diagnosed pregnant (100% pregnancy rate) 5 days after embryo transfer and had normal progesterone levels until the end of the observation on day 35 of gestation. This is the first successful embryo transfer in Japan by artificial insemination using frozen semen. Embryo transfer technology could be extremely useful in improving the productivity of Japanese domestic and special riding horses.journal articl
Endemicity of toxoplasma infection and its associated risk factors in Cebu, Philippines
Get PDFapplication/pdfToxoplasma gondii is a single-celled intracellular apicomplexan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis. It is capable of infecting humans and nearly all warm-blooded animals including pigs, but cats are the only known definitive host. This ubiquitous zoonotic pathogen can cause abortion, stillbirth and fetal abnormalities, and has been associated with mental and behavioral changes in humans. Acute infection is potentially fatal in immunocompromised individuals. The present study aimed to assess the Toxoplasma seroprevalence in pigs, humans and cats after its initial reported detection in pigs about three decades ago in Cebu, Philippines. A total of 924 humans, 104 cats and 514 slaughter pigs were tested for antibodies against T. gondii using a commercial latex agglutination test. The results revealed positive detection rates of 26.3% (244/924) for humans, 42.3% (44/104) for cats and 13.4% (69/ 514) for slaughter pigs. Statistical analyses revealed that the area (P = 0.004), cat ownership (P = 0.020), the frequency of contact with cats (P 0.05). This study is the first report of the serological detection of T. gondii in humans and cats in Cebu, Philippines, and the first assessment of the prevalence of the parasite in pigs in the area since its initial detection in 1982. This is also the first report documenting the seropositivity of T. gondii in pregnant women in the country. The confirmed seropositivity of T. gondii in Cebu, Philippines, in the present study implies the endemicity of toxoplasmosis in this area and highlights the need for routine testing and increased public awareness. © 2019 Ybañez et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.journal articl
Resistance in the Environmental Pathogenic Fungus Aspergillus fumigatus
Get PDFapplication/pdfAspergillus fumigatus, an opportunistic pathogenic fungus, is common in the environment. Azole-resistant strains of A. fumigatus have recently been discovered in the environment. Acquisition of azole resistance has been considered to occur through unexpected selection due to fungicide use in agriculture. This review discusses the relationships of humans with A. fumigatus in the environment and the importance of anthropogenic activities in the spread of A. fumigatus worldwide.journal articl
旋回と斜視を呈したホルスタイン種育成牛にみられた巨大脳膿瘍
Get PDFapplication/pdf初診時に食欲不振を主訴とした12カ月齢のホルスタイン種雌育成牛が、約1カ月後に右旋回を呈した。一般状態は良好であったが、その約2カ月後には削痩および左眼球の斜視も認められ、脳幹部の慢性進行性病変を疑われた。病理解剖により大脳右半球脳回の顕著な腫大・扇平化がみられ、内部には9.0×7.5×7.0cm大の黄白色クリーム状の膿汁を入れた膿傷が認められた。右大脳半球の皮質は弄薄化していた。巨大な脳膿蕩により左右脳幹と左大脳半球が圧迫されていたが、組織学的検査では異常は検出されず、神経症状の責任病変の所在は確定できなかった。journal articl
Metabolomics approach reveals the effects of breed and feed on the composition of chicken eggs
Get PDFapplication/pdfChicken eggs provide essential nutrients to consumers around the world. Although both genetic and environmental factors influence the quality of eggs, it is unclear how these factors affect the egg traits including egg metabolites. In this study, we investigated breed and feed effects on 10 egg traits, using two breeds (Rhode Island Red and Australorp) and two feed conditions (mixed feed and fermented feed). We also used gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) to analyze 138 yolk and 132 albumen metabolites. Significant breed effects were found on yolk weight, eggshell weight, eggshell colors, and one albumen metabolite (ribitol). Three yolk metabolites (erythritol, threitol, and urea) and 12 albumen metabolites (erythritol, threitol, ribitol, linoleic acid, isoleucine, dihydrouracil, 4-hydroxyphenyllactic acid, alanine, glycine, N-butyrylglycine, pyruvic acid, and valine) were significantly altered by feed, and a significant interaction between breed and feed was discovered in one albumen metabolite (N-butyrylglycine). Yolk and albumin had higher levels of sugar alcohols when hens were fed a fermented diet, which indicates that sugar alcohol content can be transferred from diet into eggs. Linoleic acid was also enriched in albumen under fermented feed conditions. This study shows that yolk and albumen metabolites will be affected by breed and feed, which is the first step towards manipulating genetic and environmental factors to create “designer eggs.”journal articl
Two-way public dialogues about BSE risk communication in Japan:Increasing involvement of Hokkaido prefectural government
Get PDFapplication/pdfCommunicating risks of food safety can be a difficult undertaking for many reasons. Many approaches have been proposed with various levels of success. Two-way communication is arguably the most desirable factor, and including as many stakeholders as possible is undoubtedly ideal. This paper reviews the events of BSE outbreaks in Japan and the faulty communications that took place between the government and citizens. The ensuing communication gap still exists, but this paper shows several strategies for employing two-way dialogues as a means to resolve the gap. Over a five-year period (2010-2015), stakeholders from academia, government, industry, and consumer groups actively participated in the dialogues. Initially, local government involvement was minimal, but as time ensued, perseverance of the authors succeeded in creating an atmosphere where those officials eventually accepted their role. Details on the public dialogues and workshops may be useful for all future food safety problems anywhere, not just for the specific one involving BSE here.departmental bulletin pape
Determination of plasma bone-specific alkaline phosphatase isoenzyme activity in Holstein calves using a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis kit
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe measured the bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (ALP) isoenzyme activity in 67 plasma samples from 14 newborn Holstein calves using both a conventional method (featuring heat inactivation) and a commercial agarose gel electrophoresis (AGE) kit; the relevant isoenzymes were termed bone-specific ALP (BAP) and ALP isoenzyme 3 (ALP3). We explored whether the AGE kit afforded reliable data when used to analyze samples from Holstein calves. The blood was collected from the jugular vein of each calf immediately prior to the first colostrum feeding (pre-feeding), 20 and 40 h after pre-feeding, and on days 4 and 7; whereas three samples (from three calves) were not obtained. The total plasma ALP activity varied widely, exceeding the ranges of reference values. On electrophoresis, 52 of 67 plasma samples (77.6 %) clearly contained both ALP isoenzyme 2 and ALP3, as did control human serum. The total ALP activity of the 52 samples ranged from 166–1989 U/L (median: 1013 U/L), whereas the values for the other 15 samples (22.4%) exhibiting abnormal isoenzyme fractionation ranged from 1014–5118 U/L (median: 1780 U/L). In the 52 plasma samples exhibiting clearly separated isoenzymes, ALP3 and BAP activities were strongly positively correlated as revealed by Deming regression (y = 0.93x + 22.6, p<0.0001) and Bland-Altman analysis (ALP3/BAP activities limit of agreement: −5.1%). Thus, the AGE kit yields useful information on newborn calves, and can replace the conventional method when the total plasma ALP activity is less than approximately 1000 U/L.journal articl