Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine
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Development of genetic evaluation for milk production traits of Holsteins in Japan
Get PDFapplication/pdfThe procedure used for the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Japan has developed from a lactation sire–MGS model to a multiple-lactation random regression test-day animal model. Genetic evaluation of Holstein bulls in Japan began in 1989 with the use of field-style progeny testing; dairy herd improvement program data from all over Japan were used, along with a sire and maternal grandsire model. In 1993, an animal model was introduced to estimate breeding values for yield and type traits. A random regression test-day model was first applied in 2010. In the business of breeding dairy cattle, it is very important to users that estimated breeding values are reliable and stable among subsequent routine evaluations. With experience in the genetic evaluation of dairy cattle in Japan, Japanese researchers have found ways to improve the stability of estimated breeding values. These modifications involve changes in data editing, development of evaluation models, changes to the structures of unknown-parent groups, awareness of the problems of predicting lactation yield from partial test-day records, and adjustment for heterogeneity within herd variances. Here, I introduce developments in, and our experiences with, the genetic evaluation of yield traits of Holstein cattle in Japan. © 2019 The Authors. Animal Science Journal published by John Wiley & Sons Australia, Ltd on behalf of Japanese Society of Animal Sciencejournal articl
産次数と心電図波形を用いた血中カルシウム濃度解析法を開発：心電図が低カルシウム血症の判断ツールに
Get PDFapplication/pdf技術ワイド：周産期疾病の早期発見2journal articl
In Vivo Colonic Fermentation of Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.): Important Correlations Observed among the Physiological Parameters of Cecum, Liver, Adipose Tissue and Fasting Serum Lipid Profile
Get PDFapplication/pdfHigh amylose corn starch (HAS), whole grain sorghum (S-Wh), refined sorghum (S-Rf) and α-corn starch (CON) diets were fed to animals for 1 mo aiming to examine the physiological effects of resistant starch inclusion in the diet from grains. HAS exhibited significantly lower feed intake, final body weight, serum lipid profile with significantly higher cecal parameters and short chain fatty acid (SCFA) contents. S-Wh group exhibited significantly higher body weight, feed intake and serum lipid parameters compared to other 3 groups. Cecal fermentation was not seemed to be prominent in the CON, S-Wh and S-Rf groups with respect to lower cecal parameters and SCFA contents. The cecal microbial compositions in HAS, S-Wh and CON/S-Rf exhibited 3 distinct clusters suggesting a significant effect of the cecal microbial composition on cecal parameters, SCFA contents and physiological parameters.journal articl
肺血栓塞栓症を併発した多発性疣贅性心内膜炎のホルスタイン種乳牛の1症例
Get PDFapplication/pdf10歳3カ月齢、分娩後6カ月のホルスタイン種雌乳牛が食欲廃絶を主訴に受診した。第4病日に鼻出血、呼吸困難、泡沫性鼻漏、頚静脈怒張拍動を認めたため、後大静脈血栓症を疑診した。血液凝固線溶系検査を実施したところ、プロトロンピン時間と活性化部分トロンボプラスチン時間は正常であったが、血紫D・dimerの増加が認められた。聴診により左心基底部を最強点とする収縮期雑音および左右前胸部における粗励な肺音を聴取した。心臓超音波検査により肺動脈弁に8×4.5cm大の流賞物を認め流賛性心内膜炎と診断した。病理解剖では肺動脈弁の他に、大動脈弁と僧帽弁にも小型流賞物が認められ、また右肺の肺動脈分岐部付近に直径3×7cm大の血栓を認めた。D-dimerは牛においても血栓形成マーカーとなり得ると考えられた。journal articl
Ultrastructural changes in colonic epithelial cells in a rat model of inflammatory bowel disease
Get PDFapplication/pdfInflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a global, chronic intractable disease. The functions of drugs and food components have been evaluated in models of IBD induced by 2,4,6-trinitrobenzene sulfonic acid (TNBS). Here, we used transmission (TEM) and osmium-maceration scanning (SEM) electron microscopy to evaluate the ultrastructure of colonic epithelial cells in rat models of IBD induced by TNBS. Histological evaluation revealed that the intestinal crypts in the most regions of the IBD-model colons were deformed and we classified them as having high cell migration rates (HMIG). The remaining regions in the intestinal crypts retained a relatively normal structure and we classified them as having low cell migration rates (LMIG). Osmium-maceration SEM revealed the mucosal fluid flowing in spaces without secretory granules in crypt goblet cells of both HMIG and LMIG regions, indicating the depletion of goblet cell mucin that is found in patients with IBD. The Golgi apparatus in absorptive cells was stacked and curled in both regions. Osmium-maceration SEM showed membrane network structures resembling endoplasmic reticulum that were large and expanded in absorptive cells with HMIG rather than with LMIG regions in IBD-model colons. These findings indicated that endoplasmic reticulum stress is associated with susceptibility to IBD and that the effects of various agents can be evaluated according to endoplasmic reticulum stress revealed by using electron microscopy in models of IBD induced by TNBS.journal articl
Detection of Mycoplasma and Hepatozoon spp. in Philippine Dogs
Get PDFapplication/pdfTick-borne diseases (TBD) in dogs have been an emerging issue worldwide. In the Philip-pines, most reports are in the northern areas, which include Babesia,Ehrlichia,Anaplasma, and Hepatozoon spp. The Mycoplasma spp., a suspected TBD pathogen, has not been re-ported in Philippine dogs while Hepatozoon spp. has not been previously documented in the southern Philippines. The present study aimed to evaluate the presence of Mycoplasma and Hepatozoon spp. in dogs in Cebu, Philippines. A total of 100 dogs from four veterinary clin-ics and hospitals were tested for Hepatozoon and Mycoplasma spp. using PCR. The inclusion criteria used were presence or history of ticks, anemia and/or thrombocytopenia. Clinical signs of the dogs were also obtained. There were four and two dogs found positive for Hepa-tozoon and Mycoplasma spp., respectively using PCR, and two dogs were found positive for Hepatozoon spp. using PBSE. Clinical signs such as lethargy, inappetence, fever, weight loss, and paleness were observed in most of the subjects. This study is the first of Mycoplasmaspp. detection in Philippine dogs, and the initial report of Hepatozoon spp. in the southern Philippines.journal articl
Relationship between the presence of intrauterine fluid and cervical bacteria in heavy draft mares before and after mating
Get PDFapplication/pdfWhile intrauterine fluid (IUF) is observed as mucous in healthy mares during estrus, the presence of IUF during diestrus is an indicator of endometritis. Mating induces endometrial inflammation in healthy mares, called mating-induced endometritis, that disappears within 1–2 days after mating. On the other hand, it is also known that IUF remaining beyond 12 hr after mating can cause persistent inflammation, bacterial growth, and decreased fertility. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between the presence of IUF and cervical bacteria before and after mating. Mares were classified into three groups based on the degree of IUF: Grade 1 (G1), neither IUF nor echogenic lines at the inner lining of the uterus; Grade 2 (G2), small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or an echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity; and Grade 3 (G3), obvious IUF (≥0.5 cm in diameter). The positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares before mating were 15.8% (n=6/38), 25.9% (n=7/27), and 31.8% (n=14/44), respectively, and did not differ significantly between the groups. After mating, the positive culture rates of G1, G2, and G3 mares were 18.2% (n=2/11), 56.1% (n=23/41), and 72.3% (n=34/47), respectively. The positive culture rates were significantly higher in G2 (P<0.05) and G3 (P<0.01) mares compared with G1 mares. These results from after mating suggest that not only mares with obvious IUF but also those with a small amount of IUF (<0.5 cm in diameter) or echogenic lines in the intrauterine cavity are at risk of mating-induced endometritis.journal articl
TLR2/4 signaling pathway mediates sperm-induced inflammation in bovine endometrial epithelial cells in vitro
Get PDFapplication/pdfWe have recently shown that sperm attachment to bovine endometrial epithelial cells (BEECs) triggers uterine local innate immunity with induction of a pro-inflammatory response in vitro, however details of the mechanism remain unknown. Here, we investigated the involvement of Toll-like receptor 2/4 (TLR2/4) pathway in mediating sperm-BEECs inflammatory process. Immunohistochemistry of the uterine tissue revealed that TLR2 and TLR4 proteins were present in the luminal and glandular epithelia of bovine endometrium. Moreover, BEECs monolayers were treated with TLR2 agonist (Pam; 0, 10, 100, and 1000 ng/ml) or TLR4 agonist (LPS; 0, 0.1, 1, and 10 ng/ml) for 0, 1, 3, or 6 h, followed by evaluating mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes (TNFA, IL-1B, IL-8, and PGES) in BEECs using a real-time PCR. Both Pam and LPS treatments showed a dose-dependent stimulation of mRNA expression of the pro-inflammatory genes. To elucidate the functional role of TLR2/4 in sperm-BEECs interaction, BEECs monolayers were incubated with either TLR2 antagonist or TLR4 antibody for 2 h prior to the co-culture with sperm for 3 h. Importantly, pre-incubation of BEECs with TLR2 antagonist or TLR4 antibody prevented the stimulatory effect of sperm on the transcription of pro-inflammatory genes in BEECs. Furthermore, sperm increased the phosphorylation levels of TLR2/4 downstream targets (p38MAPK and JNK) in BEECs within 1 h of the co-culture. Treatment of BEECs with TLR2 antagonist prior to sperm addition inhibited JNK phosphorylation, while TLR4 antibody inhibited the phosphorylation of both p38MAPK and JNK. In conclusion, the present in vitro findings strongly suggest that bovine endometrial epithelial cells respond to sperm via TLR2/4 signal transduction. © 2019 Ezz et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.journal articl
